Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Western countries, with an enormous increase in death rate and involvement of younger age groups during the last decades. This applies especially to coronary heart disease and is mainly caused by first-degree risk factors: hypertension, hyperlipoproteinemia, cigarette smoking, gout, obesity, polycythemia, lack of physical activity, and stress. These risk factors are discussed with special reference to overnutrition and increased cholesterol levels. Recent resuults of research concerning lipids and their relation to atherosclerosis are reviewed.
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PMID:[Etiology and pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis]. 20 5

An overview is given over etiology and prognosis of cerebral ischemias until the age of 40. In a time period of 19 years, 168 patients were diagnosed with cerebral ischemia until the age of 40 (91 females, 77 males). The most frequent etiology is premature atherosclerosis in patients with vascular risk factors (up to 50%). Cardiogenic embolism is responsible for 1 to 34% of the cases: cardiac valve diseases and endocarditis being the most frequent sources. In 2 to 19% a vasculitis is diagnosed. While infectious arteritis is especially frequent in countries of the third world, immunovasculitides are common in Europe and the USA. Noninflammatory vasculopathies include spontaneous or traumatic dissection, fibromuscular dysplasia and vascular malformations. A migrainous stroke is especially frequent in female smokers with intake of oral contraceptives. During pregnancy both sinus thrombosis and arterial ischemia occur. Hematologic causes for ischemia are polycythemia, thrombocytosis and genetic diseases (sickle cell anemia, AT3-deficiency). Cerebral ischemia may occur in connection with the ingestion of ergot-derivates. The prognosis of cerebral ischemia in young adults is better than in older stroke-patients.
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PMID:[Cerebral ischemia in young adults]. 193 40

The possible methods of preventing myocardial infarction have been discussed. The desirability of prevention in the total problem of myocardial infarction is stressed. The methods consist of the prevention of the underlying coronary atherosclerosis, and the secondary prevention of myocardial ischemia contributed by other factors than those presumed to relate to atherosclerosis. In the primary prevention of coronary atherosclerosis the two major risk factors are elevation of serum lipids and of blood pressure. The benefits to be achieved by reduction of elevation of both of these abnormalities are discussed. Both require a long-term approach starting as early in life as possible. The major methods of prevention or retardation of coronary ischemia irrespective of coronary artery disease involve discontinuance of cigarette-smoking and a program of increased physical activity. In addition, prevention or correction of polycythemia, anemia or hypercoagulability should be included. The use of oxygen, in higher percentage or at higher pressure than in the atmosphere, surgical intervention to improve the myocardial blood supply and pharmacologic agents to improve myocardial metabolism are also considered. Quantitation of the benefit of preventive programs is still impossible. Benefit from lowering blood lipids and blood pressure requires long-term therapy begun early in life. Discontinuance of cigarette smoking and increasing the amount of physical activity offer reasonable assurance of immediate benefit. So also does correction of hematologic abnormalities. Pharmacologic agents and surgery to improve coronary blood flow still require further evaluation.
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PMID:Prevention of myocardial infarction. 521 90

Hemorheological considerations are beginning to alter routine clinical practice. A hemorheological defect may play a primary etiological role not only in classical diseases like polycythemia, but also in conditions such as essential hypertension and non-coronary angina. Hemorheological abnormalities may also play a part in arterial thrombosis through a number of mechanisms, and are a frequent accompaniment in many cases of atherosclerosis, where they carry a bad prognosis. Our new awareness of the dangers of a high hematocrit, even in the normal range, has had widespread consequences on the management of not only all kinds of ischemic disease, but also for instance on surgical practice in general. Finally, hemorheological treatment has much wider applications than simply in conditions where a hemorheological abnormality has been detected. Treatment aimed at improving the flow properties of blood, whether by drugs, hemodilution or plasmapheresis, may also be the most practical and effective therapy for ischemia due to insufficient blood flow down narrowed arteries.
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PMID:[The influence of hemorrheology on the practice of clinical medicine]. 636 97

Nine patients had intraluminal filling defects identifiable as clot within the internal carotid artery at angiography. Thrombus was unilateral in eight, bilateral in one. Eight of the 10 clots were attached to atheromatous plaques. Three patients had serious concurrent illness: pancreatic cancer, rheumatoid arthritis with arteritis, and chronic pulmonary disease with polycythemia. In three patients, the clot was related to severe atherosclerosis. In three other patients, all young, the carotid thrombi remained unexplained though two of these patients had coagulation abnormalities. No patient had a new stroke after surgical or anticoagulant treatment.
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PMID:Intraluminal clot of the carotid artery detected radiographically. 654 Apr 3

We report the case of a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and generalized atherosclerosis who rapidly developed erythrocytosis. Concomitantly we documented a significative and progressive increase of serum Erythropoietin (Epo) and a small focus of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) never diagnosed before. Even in absence of immunohistochemical and/or biomolecular evidence of Epo production in the neoplastic tissue we think the hypothesis of the paraneoplastic syndrome may be the most likely both for the strict temporal relationship between the observation of the neoplastic lesion and the appearance of polycythemia and for the absence of all other known causes of erythrocytosis. Objection to this hypothesis: 1) ectopic production of Epo during HCC has been usually described in large neoplastic lesions 2) liver cirrhosis by itself may be accompanied by increased Epo levels 3) an intratumoral hypoxia with compensatory production of Epo may have occurred 4) generalized vasculopathy could have determined renal hypoxia with greater local production of Epo.
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PMID:[Erythrocytosis in patients with hepatocarcinoma in alcoholic cirrhosis: ectopic production of erythropoietin?]. 967 32