Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objective of this study was to investigate serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) and total thiol (total free sulfhydryl groups, -SH) levels along with lipid parameters in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Thirty-six patients with knee osteoarthritis and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. LOOH levels were measured by ferrous oxidation with xylenol orange assay (FOX-2). Serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), -SH levels, paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were significantly lower in the patient group than those in the controls (P < 0.05, for all), while LOOH and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were significantly higher. In conclusion, paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were decreased significantly in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Lower serum paraoxonase-1 activity and lower level of HDL-C seem to be related to increased oxidative stress and inflammatory condition in these patients. It is known that paraoxonases reduce oxidative stress in serum and tissues thereby protecting against cardiovascular disease, particularly atherosclerosis. Thus, decreased paraoxonase and arylesterase activities play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis through increased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in patients with osteoarthritis.
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PMID:Assessment of paraoxonase activities in patients with knee osteoarthritis. 1879 37

The extracellular matrix consists of structural macromolecules and other proteins with regulatory functions. An important family of the latter class of molecules found in most tissues is the small leucine-rich repeat proteins (SLRPs). We have previously shown that the SLRP fibromodulin binds directly to C1q and activates the classical pathway of complement. In the present study we further examine the interactions between SLRPs and complement. Osteoadherin, like fibromodulin, binds C1q and activates the classical pathway strongly while moderate activation is seen in the terminal pathway. This can be explained by the interaction of fibromodulin and osteoadherin with factor H, a major soluble inhibitor of complement. Also, chondroadherin was found to bind C1q and activate complement, albeit to a lesser extent. Chondroadherin also binds factor H. We confirm published data showing that biglycan and decorin bind C1q but do not activate complement. In this study a similar pattern is seen for lumican although its affinity for C1q is lower than for biglycan and decorin. Furthermore, using electron microscopy and radiolabeled SLRPs, we demonstrate two different classes of SLRP binding sites on C1q, to head and stalk respectively, where only binding to the head appears to be activating. We propose a role for SLRPs in the regulation of complement activation in diseases involving the extracellular matrix, particularly those characterized by chronic inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis and chronic obstructive lung disease.
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PMID:Short leucine-rich glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix display diverse patterns of complement interaction and activation. 1896 98

Companion animals represent an under-utilised resource. The present paper is designed to encourage collaborative studies. Dogs and cats are out-bred animals that are willing to consume a consistent diet for long periods, so are ideal candidates for prospective studies of naturally-occurring disease. In some studies the effect of diet on survival has been substantial. Food restriction, for example, slows the development of osteoarthritis and increases the lifespan of Labrador retrievers by 2 years, protein and P restriction more than doubles the median survival time of dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease and adding n-3 fats and arginine to the diet of dogs with stage 3 lymphoma improves median survival time by one-quarter. Obesity is also very common in both dogs and cats and is also associated with disease as in human subjects. When interpreting these results, however, it is essential to take into account pathophysiological differences among species. Dogs and cats do not display all the characteristics of metabolic disease in human subjects, they metabolise fat well and atherosclerosis and cardiac infarction are uncommon. Such differences should not, however, preclude further study because differences among species often clarify knowledge. Monitoring of disease in companion animals may also provide a surveillance system for the safety of the food supply, as illustrated by recent outbreaks of acute renal failure and liver failure in cats and dogs in the USA caused respectively by melamine and mycotoxin contamination of pet foods.
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PMID:Conference on "Multidisciplinary approaches to nutritional problems". Symposium on "Nutrition and health". Nutritional therapies to improve health: lessons from companion animals. 1904 Jul 82

We examined a total of 125 patients, of whom 70 suffered from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The comparison group was composed of 40 patients diagnosed with osteoarthrosis deformans (OD) and 15 with atherosclerosis of the major arteries of the head (MAH). The control group consisted of 40 subjects randomized by sex and age. Studied were the carotid, vertebral arteries and the cerebral blood flow by means of colour duplex scanning on the unit "Vingmed system, 5, Norway, 2002". Patients with RA as compared with those from the control group showed thickening of the vascular wall of the carotid arteries, especially manifested in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and in those suffering from RA with systemic manifestations of the disease. The findings obtained by the duplex scanning in patients with RA as compared with those of the control group and OD patients demonstrated an increased number of stenotic lesions of the carotid and vertebral arteries particularly pronounced in seropositive RA and RA with extraarticular manifestations of the disease. Statistically reliable findings were obtained while studying the deformities of the carotid arteries. Comparing the RA groups revealed significant differences: in the group of patients suffering from RA with the systemic manifestations noted was an increased percentage of the kinking along both the common carotid artery (chi(2) = 1.76; NS) and the interpal carotid artery (chi(2) = 8.44; p = 0.01). The findings obtained in the present study strongly suggest that in RA patients there take place alterations in the IMC in the form of a thickening with disordered differentiation of the intima-medial layers and the lesion of the cardiovascular system, which is characterized by an early development of atherosclerosis. The degree of atherosclerotic alterations is associated with the presence of systemic manifestations of RA, high activity of the inflammatory process, and seropositivity by the rheumatoid factor.
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PMID:[An ultrasonographic study of the major arteries of the neck in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. 1915 28

Molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is increasingly used to diagnose, characterize, and monitor disease activity in the setting of inflammatory disorders of known and unknown etiology. These disorders include sarcoidosis, atherosclerosis, vasculitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and degenerative joint disease. Gallium-67 ((67)Ga) citrate, labeled leukocytes with technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) or indium-111 ((111)In), and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) represent the most widely used radiopharmaceutical agents. However, other preparations, such as labeled murine monoclonal antigranulocyte antibodies and labeled human polyclonal nonspecific immunoglobulin G, chemotactic peptides, interleukins, chemokines, and liposomes, have been used to image inflammation. Also, (99m)Tc nanocolloid scintigraphy has been found to be suitable for bone and joint diseases, especially RA. Among the single photon emitting imaging agents, the recommended radiotracer for abdominal inflammation has been (99m)Tc-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO)-labeled leukocytes. During the last several years, FDG-PET imaging has been shown to have great value for the detection of inflammation and has become the centerpiece of such initiatives. This very powerful technique will play an increasingly important role in the management of patients with inflammatory conditions. FDG-PET can provide valuable information in patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary sarcoidosis, and is a useful tool for testing the efficacy of various treatments. FDG-PET combined with computed tomography holds great promise for assessing atherosclerosis of the large arteries. This modality is very sensitive in detecting large-vessel vasculitis and can be used to monitor the disease course. FDG-PET is also being used to study the inflamed synovial joints both in the experimental and clinical settings, especially for the investigation and management of RA and degenerative joint disease. This technique also has the potential to become the imaging modality of choice in assessing IBD, replacing radiolabeled autologous leukocyte imaging in this setting. Detection of inflammation in the lungs and airways may improve our knowledge about a multitude of disorders that affect these structures. Therefore, functional imaging, led by FDG-PET imaging, is likely to play an increasingly critical role in assessing inflammatory disorders of known and unknown etiologies, and will improve their management immensely in the future.
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PMID:Functional imaging of inflammatory diseases using nuclear medicine techniques. 1918 5

Vascular lesions in hip prosthetic replacement are rare events; it is mandatory to be aware of the risk, though, in order of the vascular bundle's proximity to the surgical field. A 74-year-old patient was admitted to our department for primary hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis. The patient was healthy but had mild hypertension. A cemented total hip prosthesis was implanted. The patient complained of growing groin pain and swelling from the third postoperative day. The suspicion of a vascular injury arose with worsening pain and low haemoglobin at blood tests. Then ultrasonography scans and digital angiography were performed, showing a superficial femoral artery pseudo-aneurysm. The patient had further surgery to repair the lesion. In the described case, the pseudo-aneurysm might have been caused by the pulling of a Hohmann retractor on arterial vessels possibly affected by atherosclerosis. The final output was favourable, but the authors point out that knowledge of neurovascular anatomy is necessary as well as postoperative surveillance of the clinical presentation of the patient if groin pain or swelling should arise. In the case of suspicion of vascular lesions, ultrasound and angiography will allow diagnosis and confirm the indication for surgical repair.
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PMID:False aneurysm of the superficial femoral artery after total hip arthroplasty: a case report. 1919 74

Alkaptonuria is an inborn error of amino acid metabolism. A defect in tyrosine metabolism that results in accumulation of homogentisic acid in connective tissue, especially cartilage, has long been known. Degenerative arthropathy, especially of the knee and spine, develops at a relatively early age in adults. Accumulation also occurs in heart valves, and there may be a predisposition to atherosclerosis. We describe a 72-year-old man with ochronosis, gouty arthritis of both hands, and monckeberg arteries.
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PMID:A case of ochronosis with gout and Monckeberg arteries. 1924 59

Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy are emerging biophotonic tools to recognize various diseases. The current review gives an overview of the experimental techniques, data-classification algorithms and applications to assess soft tissues, hard tissues and body fluids. The methodology section presents the principles to combine vibrational spectroscopy with microscopy, lateral information and fiber-optic probes. A crucial step is the classification of spectral data by a variety of algorithms. We discuss unsupervised algorithms such as cluster analysis or principal component analysis and supervised algorithms such as linear discriminant analysis, soft independent modeling of class analogies, artificial neural networks support vector machines, Bayesian classification, partial least-squares regression and ensemble methods. The selected topics include tumors of epithelial tissue, brain tumors, prion diseases, bone diseases, atherosclerosis, kidney stones and gallstones, skin tumors, diabetes and osteoarthritis.
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PMID:Disease recognition by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. 1934 82

Amino-substituted xanthene, thioxanthene and carbazole sulfonamido-carboxylic acid of carboxamido carboxylic acid derivatives, their use to treat metalloprotease mediated conditions, and especially to inhibit MMP-12, and to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, heart failure, fibrosis, pulmonary emphysema, tumour growth, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). Compounds of this category are suggested to be particularly useful in the treatment of COPD.
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PMID:Selective MMP-12 inhibitors: WO-2008057254. 1945 79

Tissue mechanical properties reflect extracellular matrix composition and organization, and as such, their changes can be a signature of disease. Examples of such diseases include intervertebral disk degeneration, cancer, atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and tooth decay. Here we introduce the tissue diagnostic instrument (TDI), a device designed to probe the mechanical properties of normal and diseased soft and hard tissues not only in the laboratory but also in patients. The TDI can distinguish between the nucleus and the annulus of spinal disks, between young and degenerated cartilage, and between normal and cancerous mammary glands. It can quantify the elastic modulus and hardness of the wet dentin left in a cavity after excavation. It can perform an indentation test of bone tissue, quantifying the indentation depth increase and other mechanical parameters. With local anesthesia and disposable, sterile, probe assemblies, there has been neither pain nor complications in tests on patients. We anticipate that this unique device will facilitate research on many tissue systems in living organisms, including plants, leading to new insights into disease mechanisms and methods for their early detection.
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PMID:The tissue diagnostic instrument. 1948 22


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