Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The body cholesterol pool increases with decreasing plasma-high-density-lipoprotein (H.D.L.) but is unrelated to the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and other lipoproteins. This finding supports existing evidence that H.D.L. facilitates the uptake of cholesterol from peripheral tissues and its transport to the liver for catabolism and excretion. Plasma-H.D.L., is reduced in several conditions associated with an increased risk of future ischaemic heart-disease (I.H.D.), namely hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaimia, male sex, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, while subjects with existing clinical I.H.D. have lower levels of H.D.L. than healthy subjects within the same community. It is proposed that a reduction of plasma-H.D.L. concentration may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis, and hence I.H.D., by impairing the clearance of cholesterol from the arterial wall.
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PMID:Plasma-high-density-lipoprotein concentration and development of ischaemic heart-disease. 4 38

The tendo Achillis of man and its homologue from a fairly wide range of exotic animals, most of which had died in captivity from natural causes, have been examined for stainable lipid. Adiposity of the tendon was seen principally in man. Chondroid plaques, containing an abundance of intracellular triglycerides, are a normal feature in birds. Similar thickenings in the few reptiles examined were rich in phospholipids. Extracellular (perifibrous, interstitial) deposits of lipid with a high content of esterified cholesterol were found in more than 90% of human specimens, in 52% of other mammals and in 62.5% of birds included in the survey. In general, lipid insudation of tendons increased with age and was less intense in animals than man. Aetiological factors and the relationship of extracellular lipid deposits in tendons to those in the arterial wall and dura mater are considered.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Lipid in the Achilles tendon. A comparative study. 5 73

Hypertension studies using laboratory animals have been conducted since 1930. These were not completely satisfactory because either surgery or pharmacologic induction were required to produce hypertensive animals. Many attempts have been made to breed spontaneously hypertensive rats, mainly from the Okamoto strain. The cause of hypertension in the rat, with specific reference to genetic aspects and pathogenicity, were reviewed. The hypertensive rat is an acceptable model for hypertension studies because of the stability of the hypertensive state and the reproducibility of experimental effects. It is a particularly useful model for screening antihypertensive agents. Development of mutant Okamato stran rats which have brain softening, cerebral hemorrhages, and myocardial infarctions would permit the screening of specific therapeutic agents with fewer side-effects. Mutants which develop obesity, hyperlipidism, and early atherosclerosis have been reported in Okamoto strain X Sprague-Dawley rat crosses.
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PMID:The use of spontaneously hypertensive rats for the study of anti-hypertensive agents. 13 78

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Western countries, with an enormous increase in death rate and involvement of younger age groups during the last decades. This applies especially to coronary heart disease and is mainly caused by first-degree risk factors: hypertension, hyperlipoproteinemia, cigarette smoking, gout, obesity, polycythemia, lack of physical activity, and stress. These risk factors are discussed with special reference to overnutrition and increased cholesterol levels. Recent resuults of research concerning lipids and their relation to atherosclerosis are reviewed.
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PMID:[Etiology and pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis]. 20 5

At present the two different mechanisms underlying the hypertriglyceridemia of diabetes are reasonably well defined. The rationale of therapy has grown from this knowledge. One form of hyperlipidemia is due to the hyperinsulinemia which results from the patient's resistance to insulin. The approach to treatment aims to overcome the insulin resistance. In most patients this is done by treating their obesity. The other form of hypertriglyceridemia results from insulin deficiency and is treated by bringing the patient's diabetes under control. There is strongly suggestive evidence that hypertriglyceridemia may be associated with a high risk of atherosclerosis. The reason for treating hypertriglyceridemia in general, and in the diabetic in particular, is to reduce this risk. However, it must be conceded that, at the moment, there is no information about the effect of lower triglyceride levels on the incidence of atherosclerosis. Hence much epidemiologic research is needed before our rationale for treatment can move from the realm of hope to the realm of definite proof. In the mean time an attack on this and the other risk factors is the best way we have to attempt to prevent the major complication of diabetes, atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. 20 21

This study was designed to assess HDL levels in children of young men with IHD, compared with children of asymptomatic men. Like their fathers, sons of patients with heart disease, had significantly lower HDL cholesterols than controls. This difference was independent of fasting triglycerides, obesity, diet or physical activity, and was the only "coronary risk factor" in this young age group.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Jul
PMID:High density lipoprotein levels in children of young men with ischaemic heart disease. 22 9

Despite the advances in therapy, the high incidence, high mortality, and prematurity of coronary heart disease demonstrate the need for prevention. Measurement of a series of easily determined risk factors permits the early recognition of subjects at risk with remarkable reliability. However, reduction of risk factors affords protection against the illness only if they are causally connected with the disease mechanisms. The major evidence for linking atherosclerosis and its consequences with risk factors is reviewed. Particular attention is focused on serum lipids and the "lipid theory", smoking, elevated blood pressure, and physical inactivity, which are, on the basis of current knowledge, not only the most important factors but those most readily influenced by changes in daily living habits. Among the multiple risk factors mention is also made of obesity, diabetes, psychosocial stress, and hereditary predisposition. The probability of a causal relationship between risk factors and disease mechanisms justifies every effort to prevent the development of these precursors, or to treat them prophylactically if already present.
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PMID:[Prevention of arteriosclerosis. Current basis]. 22 49

An analysis was made of correlative factors which might be related to the angiographically measured extent of coronary artery disease in 140 patients. All patients presented with clinically important chest pain. Thirty-three had a normal coronary arteriogram. The extent of the atheromatous process was measured precisely at angiography by three different techniques. A coronary score, based on the percentage of luminal narrowing, was found to be best suited for the analysis. The most important contributory factors to the severity of atherosclerosis was duration of clinical history, number of previous myocardial infarctions, and male sex, but more specifically elevation of serum cholesterol and diabetes mellitus. Cigarette smoking, obesity, hypertension, a family history of atherosclerosis, and elevated serum triglycerides had a positive influence but this was not statistically significant.
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PMID:Relationship between extent of coronary artery disease and correlative risk factors. 22 61

There is a need for reeducation of the population, especially in developed countries, as to the value of cereals in the diet. Cereals provide calories and important nutrients to the diet. Refined cereal products and unrefined cereals have certain advantages and disadvantages. With refinement, some nutrients and fiber are removed, but the body is better able to make use of certain nutrients. Essential nutrients are being replaced through fortification to compensate for losses in processing. The high fiber content of unrefined cereal products is believed to aid in the prevention of certain diseases. Special dietary bakery products have been introduced for the treatment of conditions generally exacerbated by standard food items. The increased consumption of cereal products appears warranted as a means of decreasing the saturated fat and cholesterol consumption. Cereals and cereal products have been mentioned in connection with allergies, celiac disease, schizophrenia, obesity, dental caries, cancer, atherosclerosis, goiter, and diverticulosis. This review discusses the possible role of cereals in the prevention or cause of these health problems.
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PMID:The nutritional and physiological impact of cereal products in human nutrition. 33 51

This paper reviews and discusses the evidence supporting the involvement of defective fibrinolysis in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, with emphasis on diabetes mellitus. According to the literature, defective fibrinolysis has been observed in association with virtually every major "risk factor" for coronary heart disease, including diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, obesity, cigarette smoking and lack of physical exercise. The interrelationships between disturbances in carbohydrate and fat metabolism and fibrinolysis are considered. Attention is drawn to the need for increased clinical attention to the potential role of defective fibrinolysis in atherogenesis, and periodic assessments of the fibrinolytic status are suggested as a promising approach toward early recognition of atherosclerotic tendency and risk. The judicious use of physiologic, dietary and pharmacologic means to correct defective fibrinolysis prophylactically and for the treatment of some forms of atherosclerosis is advocated.
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PMID:Fibrinolysis and risk factors of atherosclerotic disease, with special emphasis on diabetes mellitus. 35 70


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