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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The angiographic and clinical findings in 17 young adults (14-39 years) with stenosis and/or occlusion of at least one of the common or internal carotid arteries were reviewed to determine the spectrum of carotid artery disease in this age group. Five aetiological groups were identified: atherosclerosis (3 patients), arteritis (4), non-inflammatory arteriopathies (6), compression by neoplasm (1), and occlusions of undetermined cause (3). Over a mean follow-up time of 19.7 months, 2 patients died (12.5%) and further cerebrovascular events occurred in 4 others (25%). We conclude that carotid angiography plays a meaningful role in providing a definitive diagnosis in young adults with carotid artery disease and thus may assist with therapy and prognosis.
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PMID:Carotid artery disease in young adults. 192 23

This review provides a scientific assessment of current knowledge of health effects of soybean oil (SBO) and sunflower oil (SFO). SBO and SFO both contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (60.8 and 69%, respectively), with a PUFA:saturated fat ratio of 4.0 for SBO and 6.4 for SFO. SFO contains 69% C18:2n-6 and less than 0.1% C18:3n-3, while SBO contains 54% C18:2n-6 and 7.2% C18:3n-3. Thus, SFO and SBO each provide adequate amounts of C18:2n-6, but of the two, SBO provides C18:3n-3 with a C18:2n-6:C18:3n-3 ratio of 7.1. Epidemiological evidence has suggested an inverse relationship between the consumption of diets high in vegetable fat and blood pressure, although clinical findings have been inconclusive. Recent dietary guidelines suggest the desirability of decreasing consumption of total and saturated fat and cholesterol, an objective that can be achieved by substituting such oils as SFO and SBO for animal fats. Such changes have consistently resulted in decreased total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, which is thought to be favorable with respect to decreasing risk of cardiovascular disease. Also, decreases in high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol have raised some concern. Use of vegetable oils such as SFO and SBO increases C18:2n-6, decreases C20:4n-6, and slightly elevated C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 in platelets, changes that slightly inhibit platelet generation of thromboxane and ex vivo aggregation. Whether chronic use of these oils will effectively block thrombosis at sites of vascular injury, inhibit pathologic platelet vascular interactions associated with atherosclerosis, or reduce the incidence of acute vascular occlusion in the coronary or cerebral circulation is uncertain. Linoleic acid is needed for normal immune response, and essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency impairs B and T cell-mediated responses. SBO and SFO can provide adequate linoleic acid for maintenance of the immune response. Excess linoleic acid has supported tumor growth in animals, an effect not verified by data from diverse human studies of risk, incidence, or progression of cancers of the breast and colon. Areas yet to be investigated include the differential effects of n-6- and n-3-containing oil on tumor development in humans and whether shorter-chain n-3 PUFA of plant origin such as found in SBO will modulate these actions of linoleic acid, as has been shown for the longer-chain n-3 PUFA of marine oils.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Food use and health effects of soybean and sunflower oils. 195 19

In this review current views of etiology, pathophysiology, essential data in clinical course and modes of treatment of non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhages are presented. Aneurysms, vascular malformations and "spontaneous hemorrhages" (caused by atherosclerosis accompanied by hypertension or systemic diseases) are most common causes of non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhages. These hemorrhages are rarely caused by rupture of intracranial tumor vessels. Personal experiences in the treatment of patients suffering from intracranial hemorrhage caused by rupture of aneurysm, vascular malformation or artherosclerotic vessel after sudden raise of blood pressure are presented. Current modes of treatment based on personal experience and experiences of well-known authorities are given.
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PMID:[Current approaches in the treatment of intracranial hemorrhage]. 196 Oct 78

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was first discovered in platelets because they are the principal source of mitogenic activity in whole blood serum for mesenchymal cells in culture. PDGF is ubiquitous in that it can be formed by a large number of normal cells as well as many varieties of transformed cells. However, its expression and biological activity appear to be controlled at a number of different levels. The molecule consists of two peptide chains (termed 'A' and 'B') and is found as one of at least three possible isoforms, (AB, AA or BB). Each of these isoforms binds to a high-affinity cell-surface receptor that is composed of two different subunits, each of which has specificity for one or the other of the peptide chains of PDGF. The two receptor subunits are present in differing amounts on different cell types, and therefore the capacity of the different isoforms of PDGF to induce mitogenesis depends on the specific PDGF isoform and the relative numbers of receptor subunits present on the responding cell. In addition to inducing cell replication, PDGF elicits a number of intracellular signals related to mitogenesis, is chemotactic, is a vasoconstrictor, activates leukocytes, and modulates extracellular matrix turnover. This growth factor is probably involved in a number of biologically important events including wound repair, embryogenesis and development, and inflammation, leading to fibrosis, atherosclerosis and neoplasia.
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PMID:Platelet-derived growth factor and its role in health and disease. 196 56

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) induced accumulation of cholesterol esters was analyzed by the digital imaging fluorescence microscopy (DIFM) in murine tumor macrophages. To analyze cholesterol ester accumulation, P388D1 macrophages were incubated with increasing quantities of unmodified or acetylated human LDL, washed, and live stained with a lipophylic fluorescent dye Nile Red. The increase in fluorescence intensity was quantitatively determined by the interactive laser cytometer (ACAS 470) and compared with the accumulation of cellular cholesterol esters determined by the gas liquid chromatography. Correlation between the two methods was highly significant (r greater than 0.9, P less than 0.001). A good agreement between the two methods was also found in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility. With the use of 589 nm narrowband interference filter in the light path of emitted light the intensity of fluorescence correlated well with cellular cholesterol ester content even in the presence of relatively high concentrations of triglycerides. Therefore, digital imaging fluorescence microscopy appears to be a reliable method for quantification of cholesterol ester accumulation at the single cell level offering new possibilities of studying interactions between cells and cholesterol ester rich lipoproteins.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Dec
PMID:Analysis of cholesterol ester accumulation in macrophages by the use of digital imaging fluorescence microscopy. 210 81

A number of current issues regarding methods of primary and periodical medical examinations were discussed in view of application of research results in practical activities of the occupational health service. The review of tests employed on detection of deficiency or peculiarity of biochemical susceptibility to given chemical factors revealed objective causes limiting and delaying, to a certain extent, of practical application of scientific progress in health surveillance. Tests facilitating detection of susceptibility to emphysemagenic factors, genetic markers of atherosclerosis, neoplasm (especially neoplasm of the urinary bladder and lung cancer) were discussed. According to the opinions presented, further advancement of research, as well as application of new methods should, during a relatively short time, dispel existing doubts and accomplish standardization of methods. The usefulness of psychological tests, now being introduced to health surveillance, was also discussed. It was found that tests may enrich considerably certification of physical fitness for those jobs with high stress levels and requiring a high level of reliability. They are extremely useful in individual assessment of work load, and they allow the detection of early disorders in the central and peripheral nervous system, preceding evident pathology produced by working environment factors. The most common obstacles in the wide application of the discussed methods include: inadequate post-graduate education of psychologists; the rare combination of two specialisations (psychology of labour and clinical psychology); and a shortage of test methods which have been verified in the conditions of a given country. This work also raises questions about the health effects of exposure to electromagnetic radiation, complex exposure to toxic substances, health condition and periodical examinations in workers of advanced age.
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PMID:The strategy of targetted health surveillance. II. Genetically determined susceptibility to chemical substances and other issues related to health surveillance. 213 19

The inflammatory reaction is a fundamental biological defence reaction which ensures the survival of the organism. Reaction of the organism to trauma includes local and systemic reactions which are integrated and which are often the basis for the clinical and paraclinical manifestations of disease. The reactions of the organism to trauma are, by and large, nonspecific and independent of the nature of the precipitating factor. This explains the similarity between the clinical and paraclinical manifestations in a series of inflammatory diseases. The basal inflammatory reaction pattern may be identified in apparently very different conditions: healing of wounds, infectious disease, non-infectious inflammatory disease, atherosclerosis, neoplastic disease and growth and regeneration. Identification of a series of humoral inflammation mediators and growth factors and the possibilities for direct monitoring of the inflammatory and reparative processes of connective tissue have increased the possibilities for identification of the etiological/pathogenetic factors and the possibilities for rational therapeutic pharmacological and immunological modulation of disease.
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PMID:[Inflammation as a basic biological mode of reaction]. 226 87

Inhibition by tumor promoting chemicals of intercellular communication via gap junctions may be important in carcinogenesis. In order to investigate the possible role of gap junctional intercellular communication in atherogenesis, we examined the effect of known inhibitors of intercellular communication, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) on cellular communication in smooth muscle cells of human and rat by the microinjection-dye transfer technique. When lucifer yellow CH solution is injected into a cell, the average numbers of human and rat smooth muscle cells that become fluorescent is about 22 and 6, respectively. The tumor promoter (TPA) almost completely blocked gapjunctional communication between smooth muscle cells at 100 ng/ml after 4 h exposure. LDL and CSC were able to inhibit intercellular communication in human and rat cells in a dose-dependent manner up to 60%. LDL-pretreatment of human smooth muscle cells did not affect inhibition of intercellular communication, which suggests that this effect is mainly non-receptor mediated. HDL did not influence junctional communication. The results indicate that inhibition of intercellular communication may also contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic lesions, such as plaques.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Nov
PMID:Inhibition of intercellular communication in smooth muscle cells of humans and rats by low density lipoprotein, cigarette smoke condensate and TPA. 228 9

The turnover of endothelial cells in the normal human adult male is very low, on the order of years. However, in a number of mainly pathological conditions endothelial cells rapidly proliferate, thereby giving rise to new blood vessels (a process called angiogenesis). Angiogenesis-inducing factors have been purified from normal and tumor tissues. Some of these factors are growth or chemotactic factors for endothelial cells. Others have no effect in vitro and are thought to act via indirect mechanisms. Growth and chemotactic factors are also secreted by endothelial cells themselves and may be involved in the development of the vascular wall. In addition they might play a role in atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Role of growth factors in the formation of blood vessels. 248 88

Understanding the mechanisms involved in maintaining the integrity of the vascular endothelium is fundamental to studies on atherosclerosis, thrombosis, inflammation and tumor invasion. One of the essential aspects is the relationship between the endothelial cell (EC) layer and the underlying components of the basement membrane (BM). The importance of the biological role of the individual components of the BM in the promotion of EC adhesion is investigated. In this study suspensions of bovine corneal ECs (BCECs; 5 x 10(4)/ml) were used to investigate the adhesion of EC to collagen type IV and a mixture of fragments of the tetrameric molecule (IV-F, consisting of 75, 120 and 140 kD fragments), as well as collagen types I and III, coated at a 10-micrograms/ml concentration onto glass coverslips in vitro. Adhesion was quantified after 2 h of interaction by direct counting in the light microscope following fixation of the adherent cells. Collagens type IV and IV-F markedly promoted BCEC adhesion both in the presence or absence of 10 or 50% fetal calf serum, indicating that the integrity of the tetrameric molecule is not required for EC adhesion to collagen type IV, but can be replaced by high molecular weight fragments. Collagens type I and III increased EC adhesion in the absence of serum, although not in the presence of serum. Indirect evidence for a possible role of fibronectin in EC adhesion to type-IV collagen is given by the ability of the tetrapeptide (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (10 micrograms) to temporarily block (15-30 min) the adhesion-promoting effect of type-IV collagen. The nature of the adhesion sequences on the fragments of type-IV collagen remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:Interaction between endothelial cells and basement membrane components. In vitro studies on endothelial cell adhesion to collagen types I, III, IV and high molecular weight fragments of IV. 253 76


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