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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spasm of coronary arteries can cause chest pain indistinguishable from classic angina pectoris in patients without atherosclerosis of these vessels or recognizable heart disease. Associated electrocardiographic changes usually correspond to the coronary artery affected and disappear when the attack of pain ends. Sublingual nitrates are excellent agents for the control of the episodic anginal symptoms. There have been scattered reports of myocardial infarction occurring in patients with normal coronary arteries; a role of arterial spasm in these cases in speculative.
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PMID:Myocardial ischemia from coronary arterial spasm. 0 82

Reoperations solely for myocardial revascularization were performed in 219 consecutive patients (1967 to 1975). Indications were (1) graft failure, 46 (21 per cent); (2) progressive atherosclerosis, 42 (19 per cent); (3) incomplete revascularization, 39 (18 per cent); and (4) combinations, 92 (42 per cent). Primary operations included bypass grafts in 100 patients; mammary artery implants, 87; and combinations of direct and indirect procedures, 32. Reoperations performed were single bypass, 141 patients; double, 61; and triple or other coronary artery operations, 17. Eight patients died within 30 days of operation (3.7 per cent). Major postoperative complications included hepatitis, 24 (11 per cent); myocardial infarction, 19 (9 per cent); bleeding, 21 (10 per cent); and respiratory insufficiency, 12 (5 per cent). Follow-up for 202 long-term survivors was complete (mean 29 months). In patients who originally underwent direct revascularization, Class I or II (N.Y.H.A.) was attained in 35 of 43 (81 per cent) of those reoperated upon for primary graft failure, in 14 of 15 (93 per cent) of those with progressive atherosclerosis, and in 27 of 33 (82 per cent) of patients with combined indications. Arteriography was performed after the reoperation in 55 patients (mean interval 17 months), and 65 of 77 (84 per cent) grafts were patent. Nineteen of 22 grafts performed for primary graft failure were patent. We have made the following conclusions: (1) Reoperation for direct myocardial revascularization can be accomplished with low mortality rates although morbidity is high; (2) complete relief of symptoms was achieved in 65 per cent of survivors; (3) results in patients reoperated upon for graft failure alone were similar to results in those operated upon for progressive atherosclerosis or combined indications; and (4) high graft patency was found in secondary grafts constructed to arteries involved with primary graft failure.
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PMID:Reoperations for myocardial revascularization. 1 48

Arteriosclerosis is caused by many factors. These pathogenic factors especially over-nutrition, nicotinabusus, deficiency of muscular exercise, muscular overstrain, emotional stress and concomitant basic diseases, especially arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia are the most important points for preventive and therapeutical action. When possible the risk factors has to be eliminated, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia have to be treated orderly. In the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis are known disturbances of the lipid metabolism, the blood coagulation and the metabolism of the arterial wall cells most important. Application of anticoagulants and lipid lowering medicaments did not come up to our expectations. Experiences with animal models and a double blind study (secondary prevention of myocardial infarction) have given good reason for recommending antirheumatic or as we like to say, mesenchyme suppressive drugs.
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PMID:[Prevention and therapy of arteriosclerosis (author's transl)]. 3 60

Over the past decade, research in blood platelet physiology has led to the suggestion that platelets play an important part in the pathogenesis and complications of coronary artery disease. Occlusive intravascular platelet aggregates have been shown to cause ischemic myocardial damage in the experimental animal and to be present in some patients who die suddenly. The interplay between endothelial damage and platelet aggregation has been implicated in the etiology of atherosclerosis. Products released from platelets during aggregation may cause arterial spasm. Patients with overt ischemic heart disease and with the risk factors associated with coronary artery disease have been found to have abnormally reactive platelets. Clinical studies of drugs that inhibit platelet aggregation have been reported to show a beneficial effect in preventing cardiac deaths or myocardial infarction; other studies have been negative or shown only a trend toward benefit. This report reviews the theoretical and experimental basis for the platelet hypothesis and the current data on the use of antiplatelet drugs in patients with coronary disease.
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PMID:Role of blood platelets in coronary artery disease. 3 67

Three of our regularly controlled patients suffering from Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia and treated with clofibrate complained of impotence within one year after commencement of treatment with this drug. Two of the patients had previously suffered from myocardial infarction. Two patients observed improvement of the symptom 3 and 4 weeks after interruption of clofibrate therapy; one patient again complained of impotence when clofibrate therapy was resumed. The third patient continued intake of the drug up to the present day, and still complains of impotence.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Impotence in patients treated with clofibrate. 5 74

Incubation of human serum with crystalline cholesterol which had been pulverised by sonication resulted in a measurable uptake of cholesterol by the serum. This uptake was designated "serum cholesterol-binding reserve" (S.C.B.R.). Among more than 200 men and women examined, S.C.B.R. values varied from less than 10 to over 200 mg/dl, while the values from repeated determinations on two individuals over several months varied within 24 mg/dl. S.C.B.R. could be attributed to two serum-lipoprotein subfractions--S.F.V. separated from very-low-density lipoprotein and S.F.H. from high-density lipoprotein, by gel filtration. Without further purification, S.F.V. solubilised 4-5 mg and S.F.H. solubilised 0-36 mg of additional cholesterol/mg of protein, while the remaining bulk of the lipoproteins lacked this property. It is proposed that S.F.V. and S.F.H. have physiological roles in retarding atherogenesis by removing cholesterol from the arterial intima and carrying it back to the circulating serum. Accordingly, individuals who have low S.C.B.R. values, being deficient in S.F.V. and S.F.H., are at higher risk for the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart-disease. This hypothesis was tested by comparing S.C.B.R. values of patients with premature myocardial infarction with values of controls. The results indicated a trend of increasing S.C.B.R. values with increasing levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides among the controls, but this trend was virtually lost among the patients. The S.C.B.R. values also were lower among patients than controls, and the difference was statistically significant between patients and controls with serum-cholesterol above 250 mg/dl or fasting serum-triglycerides above 160 mg/dl. These results are consistent with the proposed hypothesis.
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PMID:Decreased serum cholesterol-binding reserve in premature myocardial infarction. 5 93

The following clinical groups of volunteers were studied: patients long after recovery from myocardial infarction (MI), others after recovery from deep vein thrombosis (DVT), patients with intermittent claudication, with diabetes, and male and female controls who were well matched. All were subjected to many platelet and clotting tests together with clinical, biochemical and haematological measurements in an attempt to find long term abnormalities in these various diseases. The male MIs differed very significantly from the controls in having much more heparin neutralizing activity (P less than 0.001)and less anti-thrombin (P less than 0.01). Less significantly, some bleeding time tests indicated less bleeding and the patients' platelets were larger. The females with MI had in general the same abnormalities but to a lesser degree. The patients with intermittent claudication, none of whom had a history of MI, had almost the same abnormalities and to the same degree. In deep vein thrombosis the heparin neutralizing activity was also clearly increased; the other tests were generally in the same direction but many were not significant. The diabetics had shorter bleeding times but little else abnormal relative to the controls, suggesting a different pathological process. When all male patients and controls were "scored" according to the degree of atherosclerosis there was a close overall correlation between the degree of atherosclerosis and the increase in the HNA level (r = --0.50, n = 66, P less than 0.001) and the decreased anti-thrombin (r = 0.25, n = 66, P less than 0.05).
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PMID:Blood changes in atherosclerosis and long after myocardial infarction and venous thrombosis. 5 92

Serum milk, egg, and gluten antibody titres were measured in ninety men with acute myocardial infarction and compared with those of thirty-six age-matched male controls. None of the antibody titres was higher in the patients with myocardial infarction, nor was there a significant correlation between antibody titres and the Norris prognostic index or death before hospital discharge. The results do not support the suggestion that immunological mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of coronary heart-disease and atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Dietary antibodies and myocardial infarction. 5 87

Combined surgery on the valves and on the coronary arteries by bypass grafts has been carried out on 27 consecutive patients (1970 to 1976) and involved 18 aortic valve replacements, 8 mitral valve replacements, and one double mitro-aortic replacement; the mean duration of extra-corporeal circulation (145 mn) was significantly higher than that for valve replacements alone carried out during the same period (p less than 0.01). The five deaths occurring in hospital (18.5%) all occurred in the aortic valve group, and were amongst the first 15 cases operated on (1970 to 1974). The 4 post-mortem studies carried out showed similar findings, namely myocardial infarction and significant coronary lesions which had not been bypassed. Two secondary deaths due to infective complications occurred in the first six months. The 17 patients who were followed up after surgery and had a mean follow-up period of 24 months, were all substantially improved by comparison with their pre-operative state, despite certain complications affecting either the valves (1 requiring re-operation) or the coronary arteries (3 infarcts). The indications for coronary arteriography, which are related to the indications for surgery, are being enlarged so that they will include the majority of patients operated on excluding those of more than 65 to 70 years of age and also those aged less than 40 years who have no risk factors for atherosclerosis and no clinical or electrocardiographic signs suggesting a coronary lesion. A study of the operative risk factors has shown the importance of unsuspected coronary lesions, and would appear to indicate correction of all valvular and coronary lesions seen at the time of operation.
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PMID:[Valve replacement and aorto-coronary bypass]. 10 Nov 61

Following migration to Hawaii, the Japanese have acquired the same risk of developing large bowel cancer as that experienced by Caucasians. This tumor is uncommon in Japan. Other conditions are also more common in Hawaii Japanese, e.g., myocardial infarction, severe atherosclerosis, diverticulosis, and polyposis of the colon. Comparative studies in Hawaii and Japan suggest that the basis of these differences is probably related to the consumption of characteristically western foods by Hawaii Japanese.
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PMID:Colon cancer: its precursors and companions in Hawaii Japanese. 11 16


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