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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that magnesium is closely related to regulation of lipid metabolism, membrane structure and permeability, ion migration through cellular membranes, endocrine hormone and platelet function. The cause of atherosclerosis induced by magnesium deficiency has been suggested to be due to abnormal lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation, a decrease of prostacycline produced by endothelial cells, and an increase of platelet aggregation. We found that the plasma from cardiac catheterized patients suffering from chest pains contained higher levels of oxysterols than age and sex matched patients free of chest pain. Studies with cultured arterial cells in media deficient in magnesium or containing oxysterols indicated that both magnesium and oxysterols have an important role in lipid metabolism in patients with coronary heart disease.
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PMID:Cholesterol metabolism in human umbilical arterial endothelial cells cultured in low magnesium media. 951 31

Ageing constitutes a risk factor for magnesium deficit. Primary magnesium deficit originates from two etiological mechanisms: deficiency and depletion. Primary magnesium deficiency is due to insufficient magnesium intake. Dietary amounts of magnesium are marginal in the whole population whatever the age. Nutritional deficiencies are more pronounced in institutionalized than in free-living ageing groups. Primary magnesium depletion is due to dysregulation of factors controlling magnesium status: intestinal magnesium hypoabsorption, reduced magnesium bone uptake and mobilisation, sometimes urinary leakage, hyperadrenoglucocorticism by decreased adaptability to stress, insulin-resistance and adrenergic hyporeceptivity. Secondary magnesium deficit in ageing largely results from various pathologies and treatments common to elderly persons: i.e. non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and use of hypermagnesuric diuretics. Magnesium deficit may participate in the clinical pattern of ageing: mainly neuromuscular, cardiovascular and renal symptomatologies. The consequences of hyperadrenoglucocorticism--whose non response to dexamethasone suppression test appears the simplest marker--may concern immunosuppression, muscle atrophy, centralization of fat mass, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, disturbances in mood and mental performances through accelerated hippocampal ageing particularly. Treatment of magnesium deficiency requires simple oral physiological magnesium supplementation. Treatment of the different types of magnesium depletion leads to a more or less specific control of pathophysiological disturbances of the required magnesium substrate. Open and double blind studies on the effects of the treatments of magnesium deficiency and of magnesium depletions in geriatic populations are too scarce. Further study is necessary to assess the accurate place of magnesium deficit in the physiopathology of ageing.
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PMID:Magnesium status and ageing: an update. 959 47

Recent findings indicated that a low fluoride supplement, especially with a low magnesium supplement in the basically low magnesium diet of genetically hypercholesterolaemic male RICO rats, may prevent the generation of atherosclerotic serum lipid profile. In the present study, several plasma lipids/lipoproteins were measured in the same strain of rats after a later growth phase. The control group C was fed an adequate diet with 45 per cent sucrose plus some cholesterol while the dietary fluoride was very low (1.1 mg F/kg of diet). In diet of group D, the Mg content was reduced to about one seventh of Mg of group C, i.e. to 122 mg/kg. Diet of group E was as that of group D with F content elevated to 17.2 mg/kg. Diet of group G was as that of group E with Mg content elevated to 220 mg/kg. The feeding period was terminated at 12 h deprivation of food and following exsanquination. Total plasma cholesterol in group C was 4.5 mmol/L. The central factor in causing reduction in growth rate and several plasma lipids and their lipoprotein subfractions appeared to be the magnesium deficiency. However, the greatest significant reductions in plasma cholesterol, plasma free cholesterol, plasma and VLDL esterified cholesterol and also HDL cholesterol, HDL esterified cholesterol and plasma triglycerides from those levels of the control group C were found in group G (fluoride and magnesium supplements). Supplementation of fluoride alone in group E reduced only plasma and VLDL esterified cholesterol. In the present male RICO rats, low dietary F and Mg supplements, separately, and especially together, may participate in the regulation of the outcome of atherosclerosis via affecting several plasma lipid risk factors known to associate with the development of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Seven weeks feeding of magnesium and fluoride modifies plasma lipids of hypercholesterolaemic rats in late growth phase. 988 85

There is an increased interest in the role of magnesium ions in clinical medicine, nutrition and physiology. The characteristics of the binding of magnesium and calcium ions to various components, macromolecules and biological membranes are described. Magnesium affects many cellular functions, including transport of potassium and calcium ions, and modulates signal transduction, energy metabolism and cell proliferation. The mechanism of cellular uptake and efflux of magnesium, its intracellular transport, intestinal absorption, renal excretion and the effect of hormones on these are reviewed. Magnesium deficiency is not uncommon among the general population: its intake has decreased over the years especially in the western world. The magnesium supplementation or intravenous infusion may be beneficial in various diseased states. Of special interest is the magnesium status in alcoholism, eclampsia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac diseases, diabetes, and asthma. The development of instrumentation for the assay of ionized magnesium is reviewed, as are the analytical procedures for total magnesium in blood and free magnesium in the cytosol. The improved procedures for the assay of different magnesium states are useful in understanding the role of magnesium in health and disease.
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PMID:Magnesium. An update on physiological, clinical and analytical aspects. 1072 69

Several data indicate that magnesium deficiency caused by poor diet and/or errors in its metabolism may be a missing link between diverse cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis. Experimentally induced low plasma levels of magnesium accelerate atherogenesis by increasing LDL concentrations and their oxidative modifications, and by promoting inflammation. In vitro studies have shown that low magnesium determines endothelial dysfunction, the initiating event leading to the formation of the plaque. Moreover, oral magnesium therapy has been shown to improve endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease.Magnesium, which is an inexpensive, natural and rather safe element, could be useful in preventing atherosclerosis and as an adjuvant therapy in patients with clinical manifestations of the disease.
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PMID:Low magnesium and atherosclerosis: an evidence-based link. 1253 93

African-Americans are known to be disproportionately impacted by many chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular, and renal disease. Lower levels of dietary and serum magnesium have been associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Studies suggest a greater prevalence of occult magnesium deficiency among African-Americans compared to other populations. This increased prevalence of hypomagnesemia may contribute to increased insulin resistance leading to accelerated atherosclerosis and premature death. Trials that correct magnesium status/levels among African-Americans, whether through dietary intervention or direct magnesium replacement/supplementation need to be completed to characterize this relationship more completely.
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PMID:Magnesium deficiency in African-Americans: does it contribute to increased cardiovascular risk factors? 1274 15

Young male rats fed an atherogenic diet for 24 to 26 days developed magnesium deficiency. The renal lesions, calcium deposition in tubular lumens in the outer zona intermedia, are morphologically consistent with those seen in animals fed magnesium-free diets. It was necessary to feed 8 to 16 times the normal requirement of magnesium to prevent completely these lesions. The limitations in the pathogenesis of these renal lesions are discussed. The addition of 2 mg. per cent of thyroxine to the diet markedly lowered or abolished deposition of calcium in the kidney; it also lowered atherogenesis to a minimum but did not abolish it. Early lesions of atherosclerosis of the cardiac valves and of the aorta were observed. These were more prominent in animals on a 10 per cent than in those on a 20 per cent protein diet. The atherosclerosis was diminished but not abolished by exceedingly high dietary levels of magnesium in the 10 per cent protein group. Such a decrease was not noted in the 20 per cent protein group. There did not appear to be significant variation in the morphology of the fatty livers in and between the various groups and subgroups as judged by staining with Sudan IV.
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PMID:Influence of dietary magnesium on cardiac and renal lesions of young rats fed an atherogenic diet. 1347 30

Magnesium deficiency has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis and late diabetic complications, diseases often associated with increased oxidative stress. Present study was carried out to examine the effect of magnesium deficiency on oxidative stress and total radical trapping antioxidant parameter (calculated) in rats and correlate it with the development of free radical mediated diseases. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups and pair fed for six weeks with low magnesium diet (70 mg/kg) and control diet (990 mg/kg) prepared synthetically. Deionized water was given ad libitum. Low magnesium diet caused a significant decrease in plasma and red blood cell magnesium levels. A marked increase in plasma malondialdehyde and corresponding decrease in total radical trapping antioxidant parameters (calculated) were observed in the low magnesium diet group than control group. The level of plasma glucose increased moderately in the low magnesium diet group. Hypertriglyceridemia and significantly decreased plasma HDL (high density lipoprotein)-cholesterol levels were observed in the low magnesium diet group. The results clearly demonstrate that magnesium deficiency is associated with increased oxidative stress through reduction in plasma antioxidants and increased lipid peroxidation suggesting that the increased oxidative stress may be due to increased susceptibility of body organs to free radical injury.
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PMID:Magnesium deficiency increases oxidative stress in rats. 1367 31

The literature data were surveyed to clarify the role of magnesium and potassium in the development of atherosclerosis (AS) in cows and the findings were compared with human data. Special attention was paid to the eastern Finland where AS is very common in humans and absent in the cattle. A hypothesis is proposed that high magnesium and potassium intakes at plant feeding protect from severe AS processes at least in cows in the absence of chronic infections. In about 1500 necropsies in calves and cows on plant feeding, neither antemortem clinical AS symptoms nor postmortal macroscopical AS were detected in the endocardium or in aorta. Also, abattoiries in endemic selenium- and vitamin E-deficient areas report that no macroscopic AS have been found in the inspected more than 400000 slaughtered cattle. In vitamin D(3) poisoned cows AS is readily detected. The milk-fed calves in magnesium deficiency experiments regularly show AS after 3 months of age. Adult ruminating cattle get daily 150-300 g potassium while the need is 35 g. During the indoor feeding period the cows suffered in eastern Finland often from carotene, vitamin E and selenium deficiencies as well as also of energy, protein, phosphorus and zinc deficiencies before grass ensiling feeding started. Endemic goiter prevalence was about 30%. Still such cows did not have AS under such unfavorable conditions. The findings support the hypothesis that the high magnesium and potassium intakes protect cows from AS.
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PMID:Does high plant feed magnesium and potassium protect healthy ruminants from atherosclerosis? A review. 1464

Magnesium plays essential roles in fundamental cellular reaction and physiological regulation of vascularture, nervous system, and organs. Accumulating findings have revealed that magnesium deficiency relates cardiovascular risk factors including elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, platelet aggregation, and inflammatory reaction, and leads to atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Magnesium, cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis]. 1569 60


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