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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The weight of some organs [brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, liver] was ascertained in a group of 1,598 persons who died a violent death, and a comparison was made with values obtained in a group of persons who died of cardiac insufficiency. The figures found were correlated according to sex with age, obesity, lipomatosis, physical size, the presence and stage of atherosclerosis. --Within the violent death group, a correlation was also made between a subgroup with minimal or no presence of atherosclerosis and one with ascertained atherosclerosis. The average weight of the brain was found to be 1419.6 g in men, 1266 g in women; the heart--394.7 or 343 g; kidney--149.0 g or 124.1 g; lungs 1280.0 or 973.4 g; liver--1770.9 g or 1522.0 g.
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PMID:[Weight parameters of various internal organs]. 61 41

Acetylcholine injections into the mesencephalon reticular system of rabbits every second day during a month induced atherosclerosis of the aorta. The microscopic examination of aortic intima showed lipomatosis, liposclerosis, atheromatosis, atherocalcinosis.
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PMID:[Experimental model of atherosclerosis induced by administration of acetylcholine into the reticular formation of the midbrain]. 189 31

Diffuse, alimentary tract ganglioneuromatosis-lipomatosis, bilateral adrenal myelolipomas, pancreatic telangiectasias, and a multinodular thyroid goiter were found at autopsy in a 56-year-old, white male with a history of insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension, peptic ulcer, and remote cerebral infarction. The degree of atherosclerosis, arterionephrosclerosis, and cardiac disease found at autopsy did not correlate with the patient's history or his sudden death. The typical features of the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, type II-B, were not identified. The findings in this patient may represent a variant of the multiple endocrine neoplasia complex, or a separate, previously unrecognized syndrome.
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PMID:Alimentary tract ganglioneuromatosis-lipomatosis, adrenal myelolipomas, pancreatic telangiectasias, and multinodular thyroid goiter. A possible neuroendocrine syndrome. 286 Aug 6

In 112 unselected autopsies of adult patients without known pancreatic disease (except adult-onset diabetes mellitus), the pancreas was examined to establish the incidence and degree of such minor pancreatic lesions as lipomatosis, fibrosis, alterations of ducts and ductal epithelium, inflammatory infiltrates, focal necrosis, acinar dilation, and vascular changes. Each lesion was then tested for statistically significant correlations with the age of the patient and a number of clinical conditions, including cholelithiasis, adult-onset diabetes mellitus, adiposity, generalized severe atherosclerosis, chronic alcoholism, severe bacterial infection prior to death, and generalized malignant tumor. This was done in the hope of finding associated or predisposing factors for the pancreatic lesions. The results show, in addition to the unexpectedly high incidence of the various pancreatic lesions, a clear increase of lipomatosis, fibrosis, and both ductal and ductal epithelial alterations with increasing age; these conditions were accompanied by a steady decrease in the mean weight of the gland, starting at the age of about 40 years, except in cases of advanced lipomatosis. The latter condition was associated with adult-onset diabetes mellitus. Severe generalized atherosclerosis was correlated with lipomatosis and fibrosis, but the two latter conditions were found together only rarely. Acute (terminal) lesions, including focal necrosis and acinar dilation, were associated with severe bacterial disease prior to death. Other statistically significant correlations were rare, indicating the lack of specificity of these minor pancreatic lesions rather than offering a clue as to their pathogenesis. The diagnostic significance and the relations of these lesions to clinically relevant chronic pancreatitis are discussed briefly.
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PMID:Incidence and diagnostic significance of minor pathologic changes in the adult pancreas at autopsy: a systematic study of 112 autopsies in patients without known pancreatic disease. 674 10

Since the introduction of HIV-1 protease inhibitors as components of antiretroviral drug combination regimens, the clinical course of HIV disease and opportunistic infections has changed dramatically. Besides the favourable virological, immunological and clinical impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), several adverse drug reactions have been observed in patients with HIV receiving therapy. Particularly, peripheral lipodystrophy, central adiposity, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance have been described with a prevalence of up to 80% in patients infected with HIV, and attributed to almost all components of HAART. Hyperlipidaemia is characterised by an increase of low and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol as well as apolipoproteins B and E. Several studies strongly suggest that there are either multiple syndromes or a variety of factors inducing different changes that influence the ultimate phenotype. Similarities between HIV-associated fat redistribution and metabolic abnormalities with both inherited lipodystrophies and benign symmetric lipomatosis suggest the pathophysiological involvement of, for example, nuclear factors like lamin A/C and drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, there is some evidence that cytokines and hormones impair fat and glucose homeostasis in patients with HIV receiving HAART. Three years after the first description of HIV therapy-associated abnormal fat redistribution, there is still an ongoing discussion about the case definition, diagnostic procedure and treatment options for both body shape changes and metabolic disturbances. Regarding therapy, there is a major concern about possible complex pharmacological interactions and overlapping adverse effects between HAART and, for example, lipid-lowering therapy. In addition, the likely contribution of both nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors to the development of abnormal fat redistribution in patients with HIV limits options of changing to alternative effective antiretroviral drug combinations. Thus, the occurrence of hyperlipidaemia, maturity onset diabetes mellitus, and marked changes in body habitus resulted in important social and clinical consequences such as an increased risk of atherosclerosis. It also sheds new light on the use of protease inhibitors regarding risk factors for the initial treatment decision. In this article, we discuss the features, pathogenesis and treatment options for body fat redistribution and metabolic disturbances associated with HAART in HIV-1 infection.
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PMID:Lipodystrophy syndrome in HIV infection: what is it, what causes it and how can it be managed? 1091 32

29 cases of sudden heart death (SHD) which occurred in hospital after heart surgery within 1989-1998 are reported. More than 50% were SHD after aortocoronary shunting, it occurred in stenosing atherosclerosis of more than 3 arteries. An important role in tanatogenesis belongs to ischemic heart disease (IHD) with complications (chronic aneurysm of the left ventricle, postinfarction failure of the mitral valve) and combination of IHD with aortal heart deficiency which is followed by pronounced hypertrophy of the left ventricle which is an important factor of SHD risk. Interventricular defects and Fallot's tetrad are most frequent among heart malformations with SHD after heart surgery. Cardiomegaly, myocardial fibrosis, dilatation of the heart cavities, fibroelastosis of ventricular endocardium, anomalous chordal arrangement in the left ventricle, right ventricular lipomatosis are main factors of SHD of the arrhythmogenic type after heart surgery. Introduction of the new notion "sudden heart death at the hospital stage after heart surgery" is suggested.
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PMID:[Sudden arythmogenic death in hospitals after heart surgery]. 1139 89

Combined antiretroviral therapy results in extraordinary decrease of morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients and in an essential change of the HIV/AIDS disease prognosis. However, long-term intake of antiretroviral medicaments is related to occurrence of metabolic and morphological abnormalities, of which some have been combined into a new syndrome--the so called HIV lipodystrophy. The HIV lipodystrophy syndrome covers metabolic and morphological changes. Metabolic changes include dyslipidaemia with hypercholesterolaemia and/or hypertriglyceridaemia, insulin resistance with hyperinsulinaemia and hyperlaktataemia. Morphological changes have the nature of lipoatrophia (loss of subcutaneous fat--on the cheeks, on extremities, on buttocks and marked prominence of surface veins) or lipohypertrophia (growth of fat tissue--on the chest, in the dorsocervical area, lipomatosis of visceral tissues and organs, fat accumulation in the abdominal area). Several HIV lipodystrophy features are very similar to the metabolic syndrome of the general population. That is why this new syndrome represents a prospective risk of premature atherosclerosis and increase of the cardiovascular risk in young HIV positive individuals. The article mentions major presented studies dealing with the relation of antiretroviral treatment and the cardiovascular risk. The conclusions of the studies are not unequivocal--this is, among others, given by the reason that their length is short from the viewpoint of atherogenesis. The major risk of subclinical atherosclerosis acceleration seems to be related to the deep immunodeficiency and low number of CD4+ lymphocytes and florid, uncontrolled HIV infection with a high number of HIV-1 RNA copies actually circulating in the plasma. The question, whether metabolic and morphological changes related to HIV and cART carry a similar atherogenic potential as in the general population, remains open for future.
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PMID:[HIV lipodystrophy]. 2126 Nov 8

Isolated granulomatous noncaseating pancreatitis is a rare condition exceptionally described in human population. We demonstrate a case of the a 71-years-old female patient suffering from recent diabetes mellitus, generalized atherosclerosis and hypertension who died due to pulmonary embolism and terminal bronchopneumonia. Lipomatosis of pancreatic tissue was observed during the postmortem examination. Histological examination of pancreatic tissue discovered multiple small noncaseating epithelioid cell and giant cell granulomas, partly replacing the islets of Langerhans. To our knowledge, our case represents the first description of noninfectious granulomatous pancreatitis associated with acute manifested insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Granulomatous pancreatitis in a patient with acute manifested insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 2471 51