Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The following clinical groups of volunteers were studied: patients long after recovery from myocardial infarction (MI), others after recovery from deep vein thrombosis (DVT), patients with intermittent claudication, with diabetes, and male and female controls who were well matched. All were subjected to many platelet and clotting tests together with clinical, biochemical and haematological measurements in an attempt to find long term abnormalities in these various diseases. The male MIs differed very significantly from the controls in having much more heparin neutralizing activity (P less than 0.001)and less anti-thrombin (P less than 0.01). Less significantly, some bleeding time tests indicated less bleeding and the patients' platelets were larger. The females with MI had in general the same abnormalities but to a lesser degree. The patients with intermittent claudication, none of whom had a history of MI, had almost the same abnormalities and to the same degree. In deep vein thrombosis the heparin neutralizing activity was also clearly increased; the other tests were generally in the same direction but many were not significant. The diabetics had shorter bleeding times but little else abnormal relative to the controls, suggesting a different pathological process. When all male patients and controls were "scored" according to the degree of atherosclerosis there was a close overall correlation between the degree of atherosclerosis and the increase in the HNA level (r = --0.50, n = 66, P less than 0.001) and the decreased anti-thrombin (r = 0.25, n = 66, P less than 0.05).
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PMID:Blood changes in atherosclerosis and long after myocardial infarction and venous thrombosis. 5 92

Peripheral atherosclerosis was treated in 178 patients: 90 were given pyridinol carbamate for 2--4 months, 40 pentoxyphylline, 30 cetedil, and 18 received butalamine. in intermittent claudication pyridinol carbamate and trental proved most effective, cetedil (straten) was less effective. The favourable effect of pyridinol carbamate is associated with its action both on the state of microcirculation and on the content of lipids. A significant decrease in the level of blood triglycerides was observed during treatment with pyridinol carbamate. Pentoxyphylline reduced blood viscosity and platelet aggregation in patients with peripheral atherosclerosis but had no effect on the blood lipid content. Cetedil did not reduce blood viscosity although it decreased the aggregation of erythrocytes and inhibited the second phase of platelet aggregation. The objective criterion for the improvement of circulation in the affected extremities was increased tolerance to load, particularly in medication with pyridinol carbamate and trental.
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PMID:[Pharmacotherapy of peripheral arteriosclerosis]. 9 96

175 by-pass operations were performed for femoro-popliteal atherosclerosis during the period January 1967-April 1975. 154 were femoro-popliteal vein by-pass grafts. The material in addition includes 12 distal tibial arterial by-pass grafts, 6 homologous vein grafts, 2 Sparks prosthesis and 1 dacron graft. In the femoro-popliteal vein by-pass group 51% were operated for rest-pain or distal gangrene, while 49% had intermittent claudication. The 4 year patency rate in the two groups was 54% and 66% resepctively and was more favourable when the distal anastomosis was placed above than below the knee. However, the latter group had more severe ischaemic symptoms and the difference is probably in part due to case selection. The results were also more favourable when the proximal anastomosis was placed on the common femoral artery. The operative mortality was 38%. Vein by-pass to the lower leg arteries had a 2 year patency of only 34%. Semi-closed endarterectomy is preferred to homologous vein, Sparks prosthesis or dacron grafts where no sufficient vein for grafting exists. It is concluded that saphenous vein by-pass is the method of choice in patients where femoro-popliteal reconstruction is indicated.
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PMID:By-pass grafting for femoro-popliteal atherosclerosis. 14 81

The occurrence and degree of peripheral atherosclerosis in 30 male patients with symptoms of intermittent claudication were studied by arteriography. The changes observed in the angiograms were codified. In all patients the concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol were determined in whole serum and in the three major lipoprotein classes--very low density, low density and high density lipoproteins. These data were compared with those of a control material and were also correlated to the codified angiographic findings in each individual patient. Positive significant correlation was not found between the arteriographic changes and the serum concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins, which might be explained by an advanced stage of the disease where such relationships might not appear.
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PMID:On the relation between peripheral atherosclerosis and serum lipoproteins. 22 Jul 66

The authors studied the development of transient disorders of blood supply in the spinal cord and radicles. Besides the well known clinical forms which are described as syndromes of intermittent claudication of the spinal cord and cauda equina, there are some other variants of this disorder. Transient ischemia of this localization as a rule is either connected with atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta, either with degenerative-dystrophic or congenital changes in the sacral part of the spine. The authors underline the role of individual differences in the vascularization of the spinal cord in the development of disorders in spinal circulation. The prognosis of transient ischemia, its correlation with stable disturbances is assessed. A differential diagnosis is also made between different transient vascular spinal disorders and radicle disturbances.
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PMID:[Variants of transitory myeloradiculoischemic disorders]. 34 42

The therapeutic activity of Fludilat in circulatory disorders was evaluated in 9 women and 11 men, with ages between 41 and 75 years. Three suffered atherosclerosis and 17 diabetic vascular disease. Elimination of the symptom was obtained in intermittent claudication in 71 per cent of the patients who suffered it, in 67 per cent in case of feeling of coldness, in 46 per cent in paraesthesias, in 73 per cent in feeling of heaviness and in 6 per cent in trophic changes. In the remaining patients there was a significative reduction in the intensity of the symptoms, except in trophic changes. This result are considered as excellents. The general result of the treatment was satisfactory. There was no significacative change in the blood pressure and no side effects were reported. A better response of the atherosclerotic patients was obtained. We found no influence of age, sex and blood pressure on the results. The study corroborates the efficacy of Fludilat in the treatment of circulatory disorders and its excellent tolerance.
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PMID:[Treatment of blood circulation disorders with a hemoactive-vasoactive drug]. 35 1

14 national groups have collaborated under WHO auspices to select, from local defined populations of individuals with clinical diabetes, groups of approximately 500 within the age range 35--55 yr stratified by age, sex, and known duration of diabetes. In each center, the selected patients were submitted to a standardized study protocol, which included systematic inquiry (WHO questionnaire) for the presence of symptoms of angina pectoris, history of myocardial infarction, presence of intermittent claudication, and cigarette smoking history. Examination included standard biometry, blood pressure measurement, 12-lead (centrally Minnesota coded) electrocardiography, and central laboratory measurement of serum cholesterol and creatine. Ophthalmoscopic and urinary examinations were also included. The prevalence of arterial disease symptoms and electrocardiographic abnormalities show very large variation between countries, the lowest rates generally being found in the Oriental samples and the highest in the European. "Risk factors" for arterial disease (blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and cigarette smoking) also vary widely between diabetic groups. Although data are not yet complete, these differences appear unlikely to explain the variation in the atherosclerotic morbidity observed. Diabetic women were at least as vulnerable to arterial disease as diabetic men. A high prevalence of nonspecific abnormalities of the repolarization phase of the ECG was found, even in groups where ischemic abnormalities were rare. The origin of these is uncertain; they may represent variable local changes or possibly diabetic cardiomyopathy. This preliminary report confirms and quantifies previous indications that the impact of atherosclerotic disease on persons with diabetes varies considerably between national groups, in broad terms, running parallel with the variations in prevalence in the populations in general and suggesting that cultural and/or ethnic factors are more important determinants of atherosclerosis in diabetic individuals than is the diabetic state per se.
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PMID:The WHO multinational study of vascular disease in diabetes: 2. Macrovascular disease prevalence. 52 Jan 23

The authors repeat part of their report to the 79th French Congress of Surgery, presented in September, 1977. They recall that chronic obstructive arteriopathies affect from 1.5% to 4% of the population, and that in half of the cases, the symptoms are those of a simple intermittent claudication. Atheromatosis is the main cause, but to this must be added many other risk factors, smoking and metabolic disorders, especially glucidic and lipidic ones. There is spontaneous worsening in only half the cases. Other vascular and coronary ailments and problems of the cerebral vessels are responsible for most of the deaths of patients affected by arteriopathies of the lower limbs. The precise pain mechanism of the intermittent arterial claudication, its physio-pathological significance, like the mechanisms of vasomotricity and the development of the collateral circulation, are not yet completely clear. A therapeutic attitude can only be taken keeping in mind these developmental and physiopathological data: claudication is a symptom that does not necessarily mean that the limb is threatened.
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PMID:[Intermittent claudications of arterial origin: some epidemiological and physiopathological features]. 74 Jul 21

216 limbs in 180 patients were operated upon for aorto-iliac atherosclerosis during the period of 1967 to 1974. 45% were operated on for rest-pain or gangrene, while 55% had intermittent claudication. Four year patency following semi-closed end-arterectomy was 85% whereas 83% and 74% 4 year patencies were observed after open endarterectomy and synthetic by-pass grafting. However, synthetic by-pass grafts were used in patients with the most extensive atherosclerosis. Femoro-femoral and axillo-femoral subcutaneous by-pass grafts may be useful alternatives when contraindication exists against direct reconstruction of the aorta or the iliac arteries. The operative mortality was 6.7%. Eleven patients were reoperated for bleeding and 10 for early reocclusion. A good result was obtained in 14 of these cases. The indications for the different operative techniques are discussed. It is concluded that both prosthetic by-pass grafting and endarterectomy have a definite place in the treatment of aorto-iliac atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of aorto-iliac atherosclerosis. 85 53

303 limbs in 270 patients were operated by endarterectomy for femoro-popliteal atherosclerosis from January 1967 to April 1975. 236 reconstructions were carried out as semi-closed endarterectomy. Sixty-seven open endarterectomies were performed during the same period. In the 2 groups 37% and 33% respectively of the patients were treated for rest-pain and distal gangrene. The remaining patients had intermittent claudication as the main symptom. The operative mortality of the two groups were 2.5% and 4.5% respectively. Although the early results were encouraging, the long-term patency following semi-closed endarterectomy was significantly lower than after saphenous vein by-pass. Open endarterectomies had the same 5-year patency as vein by-pass grafts. This may at least partly be due to case selection, since open endarterectomy was mainly used for short obstructions in limbs with good run-off. Even if fair results may be obtained when semi-closed endarterectomy is performed between 2 arteriotomies above the knee in limbs with good run off, we recommend this method only to be used in cases with insufficient vein for by-pass grafting and sometimes for the treatment of short obstructions of the superficial femoral artery. Since the choice of operative method often has to be done during operation, familiarity with both methods is necessary.
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PMID:Endarterectomy for femoro-popliteal atherosclerosis. 85 54


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