Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sialic acids (Sias) cover vertebrate cell surface glycans. N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and its hydroxylated form N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) are common Sia in mammals. Humans cannot synthesize Neu5Gc but accumulate it on cells through red-meat rich diets, generating numerous immunogenic Neu5Gc-neoantigens. Consequently, humans have diverse anti-Neu5Gc antibodies affecting xenotransplantation, cancer, atherosclerosis, and infertility. Anti-Neu5Gc antibodies circulate as IgG, IgM, and IgA isotypes; however, repertoires of the different isotypes in a large population have not been studied yet. Here, we used glycan microarrays to investigate anti-Neu5Gc IgGs and IgAs in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or pooled human IgA, respectively. Binding patterns on microarrays fabricated with Neu5Gc- and Neu5Ac-glycans, together with inhibition assays, revealed that different IVIG preparations have highly specific anti-Neu5Gc IgG reactivity with closely related repertoires, while IgAs show cross-reactivity against several Neu5Ac-glycans. Such different anti-Neu5Gc IgG/IgA repertoires in individuals could possibly mediate distinctive effects on human diseases.
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PMID:Differential Recognition of Diet-Derived Neu5Gc-Neoantigens on Glycan Microarrays by Carbohydrate-Specific Pooled Human IgG and IgA Antibodies. 3099 37

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most typical metabolic syndrome in women of reproductive age, with a high prevalence and an increased risk of long-term complications. PCOS mainly manifests as hyperandrogenism (HA), ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries, in addition to being relevant to infertility, insulin resistance (IR), obesity, lipid abnormalities, and chronic low-grade inflammation. The etiology of this syndrome remains largely unknown. microRNAs (miRNAs), small, noncoding RNAs (nearly 22 nucleotides long), regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Abnormal miRNA levels are closely associated with the occurrence of diseases, such as diabetes, cancers, and atherosclerosis, and miRNAs can be used as predictors and diagnostic biomarkers for cancer. Interestingly, the roles of miRNAs in PCOS pathology have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Research has established that alterations in miRNA expression in women with PCOS compared with healthy women may act as noninvasive biomarkers and new therapeutic targets in PCOS. This article aims to summarize the latest research on the relationship between miRNAs and the clinical manifestations of PCOS while also providing a few mechanisms based on previous studies. Understanding the relationship between miRNAs and PCOS will provide guidance for researchers to further explore the complexity and heterogeneity of PCOS.
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PMID:Role of microRNA in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. 3130 33

Environmental pollutants, such as pesticides, herbicides, additives to food and water, and electromagnetic fields threaten public health by promotion of cancer, heart disease and chronic diseases of aging. Many of these pollutants cause adverse health outcomes by effects on mitochondrial function to produce oxidative stress through loss of the active site complex for oxidative phosphorylation, thioretinaco ozonide oxygen nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, from opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Glyphosate, fluoride, and electromagnetic fields are examples of carcinogenic pollutants that promote loss and decomposition of the active site for oxidative phosphorylation, producing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Ionizing radiation has long been known to be carcinogenic, and non-ionizing electromagnetic fields from microwaves, radar, cell phones and cathode ray screens are carcinogenic and produce deleterious effects on capillaries, nerve cells, blood brain barrier, embryonic and germ cells, lenses and cardiac function. Adverse health effects of electromagnetic fields include cataracts, infertility, congenital malformations, cancer, lymphocytosis, leukemia, hearing loss, blindness, retinal hemorrhages, cardiac arrhythmias, dermatitis, hair loss, depression, memory loss, premature aging, heart attacks, and weaponized mind control. The hyperhomocysteinemia, suppressed immunity, and altered oxidative metabolism observed in atherosclerosis and dementia are attributed to deficiency of adenosyl methionine which results from increased polyamine biosynthesis by pathogenic microbes that are demonstrated in atherosclerotic plaques and cerebral plaques. Thus, environmental pollutants potentially promote diseases of aging, atherosclerosis, cancer, and premature aging by production of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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PMID:Environmental Pollution, Oxidative Stress and Thioretinaco Ozonide: Effects of Glyphosate, Fluoride and Electromagnetic Fields on Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Carcinogenesis, Atherogenesis and Aging. 3258 Oct 36

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder in females of the reproductive age. PCOS is commonly manifested as ovulatory dysfunction, clinical and biochemical excess androgen level, and polycystic ovaries. Metabolic sequelae associated with PCOS, including insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), obesity and increased cardiometabolic risk. The underlying pathology of PCOS is not fully understood with various genetic and environmental factors have been proposed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), are endogenously produced, small non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that capable of regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Altered miRNAs expression has been associated with various disorders, including T2DM, IR, lipid disorder, infertility, atherosclerosis, endometriosis, and cancer. Given that PCOS also present with similar features, there is an increasing interest to investigate the role of miRNAs in the diagnosis and management of PCOS. In recent years, studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are present in various body fluids, including follicular fluid of women with PCOS. Therefore, it may act as a potential biomarker and could serve as a novel therapeutic target for the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS. This review aims to summarise the up to date research on the relation between miRNAs and PCOS and explore its potential role in the diagnosis and the management of PCOS.
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PMID:miRNAs as a novel clinical biomarker and therapeutic targets in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A review. 3274 29

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease of child-bearing period women and one of the main causes of infertility in women. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a multifunctional protein with a series of biological activities. PTX3 participates in the regulation of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, ovarian cumulus cell function, inflammatory factor activity, androgen metabolism, lipid absorption and transport, and endothelial cell function, thereby improving insulin resistance, promoting follicular development and ovulation, reducing chronic inflammation, inhibiting androgen levels, improving lipid metabolism abnormalities and preventing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, thus participating in the occurrence of PCOS and its complications. This article reviews the mechanism of PTX3 in PCOS and its complications, trying to provide new ideas and directions for the study of PCOS pathogenesis and its clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:[Research progress on the role of pentraxin 3 in polycystic ovary syndrome]. 3321 Apr 93


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