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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of morphological investigations of relapsing myocardial infarction in 148 rabbits are presented. In most cases the relapses occurred spontaneously at intervals of several to 45 days after reproduction of the primary myocardial infarction by high ligation of the anterior interventricle artery of the heart. It was found that relapses of myocardial infarction could develop in animals normal before the experiment (I series), against the background of cholesterol atherosclerosis (II series), renal hypertension (III series) and particularly frequently in combinations of cholesterol atherosclerosis and renal hypertension (IV series) as well as after repeated delayed ligation of the anterior interventricle artery (V series). The relapses occurred early in primary infarction and in the period of its scarring. The regularities of mutual location of foci of primary infarction and relapses, the frequency and number of their occurrences, location and size were investigated.
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PMID:[Morphology and morphogenesis of recurrent experimental myocardial infarct]. 64 72

Washout urography was used as a screening test for 100 hypertensive patients. Eleven patients had renal hypertension. These were 4 cases of unilateral renal artery stenosis, 6 cases of unilateral pyelonephritis and one case of bilateral pyelonephritis with atherosclerosis of the right renal artery. The increase in size of the affected kidneys after Lasix injection was much restricted relatvie to the normal contralateral kidneys. The test proved valuable for screening cases of renovascular hypertension and unilateral pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Washout urography in the diagnosis of renal hypertension. 70 Sep 44

The purpose of the investigation was to study the alterations in the lipid and lipoprotein content in the blood serum, the liver and the aortic wall of rats with experimentally induced salt, renal (Goldblatt) and adrenal-regeneration hypertension. The experiments were carried out on 59 Wistar rats (25 normotensive controls). It was established that both the serum and the liver lipid patterns vary in the three experimental models of hypertension. Thus, while in salt-induced hypertension no hyperlipidaemia and hyperlipoproteinaemia were established, in renal hypertension the serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were significantly increased in comparison to the controls. The cholesterol content in the liver was increased in all the three models of hypertension. The remaining lipid fractions were within normal ranges or a little decreased in salt-induced hypertension, while in renal and adrenal-regeneration hypertension their quantity was significantly increased. A two weeks' treatment with hypotensive prostaglandin E1 diminished the lipid and lipoprotein contents in the liver of rats with adrenal-regeneration hypertension, only cholesterol remaining unaltered. The blood serum level of free fatty acids increased in all the three models of experimental hypertension, as did the cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein level in the aortic wall. The alterations in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism established in this study are regarded as specific for the hypertensive process itself, since no histological alterations characteristic of atherosclerosis were observed.
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PMID:The action of arterial hypertension on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. I. Salt, adrenal-regeneration and renal (Goldblatt) hypertension. 100 Sep 84

The effect of renal hypertension on dry defatted tissue mass and lipid accumulation in different segments of the aortic intima was studied in both normally-fed and cholesterol-fed rabbits. In normally-fed rabbits hypertension caused an increase in intimal dry weight in the aorta. The increase was greatest in the lower thoracic intimal segment but was not significant in the aortic arch. The increase in tissue mass was not influenced by the addition of cholesterol to the diet and no regression of the increased tissue mass occurred when a 4-week period of hypertension was followed by a 4-week period of normotension. Hypertension did not increase the intimal cholesterol or phospholipid concentrations in normally-fed rabbits, suggesting that an observed increase in lipid content represented the cellular component of the intimal hypertrophy. Hypertension in cholesterol-fed animals caused preferential lipid accumulation in the lower thoracic segment, an effect that was independent of the total intimal cholesterol level. Intimal cholesterol, cholesterol ester and phospholipid were all increased. When a 4-week period of normotension and cholesterol feeding was preceded by a 4-week period of hypertension with normal feeding the amount of cholesterol deposited did not exceed that of the normotensive control, suggesting either that hypertension increased intimal permeability to lipid only in the presence of hypercholesterolaemia, or that healing of damaged intima had occurred before hypercholesterolaemia was fully established.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:The effect of renal hypertension on the regional deposition of cholesterol and phospholipid in the aorta of normally- and cholesterol-fed rabbits. 120 Nov 50

Autoradiographic tests carried out on rats with renal hypertension using 3H-proline resulted in an acclerated collagen synthesis by media cells of aorta and coronary arteries. Electronmicroscopically an increased content of collagen fibers and an enrichment of ruthenium-red-positive substances in the extracellular space were found. The 35S-sulfate-incorporation in aorta and coronary arteries of animals with hypertension is also increased. These changes in the extracellular space of the vascular wall have an atherosclerosis promoting effect, probably caused by a distrubance of the permeability.
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PMID:[Expermental contribution on the genesis of arteriosclerosis caused by hypertension]. 123 18

We report our experience in the treatment of 47 cases of renal hypertension patients with renovascular hypertension or hypertensive reno-parenchymal disease surgical therapy is essential and non-surgical therapy has its limitations. The necessity for an operation can be based on the determination of bilateral renal vein plasma renin values. Blood should be drawn from both renal veins in patients in an upright position. Surgical treatment usually produces excellent results in patients in whom renin activity on the side of the lesion is more than normal and more than 2 times that on the uninvolved side. It is advisable to perform an operation within 4 years of the onset of renal hypertension. Complete surgical cure of renal hypertension is accomplished more frequently in patients with fibromuscular dysplasia than in those atherosclerosis. The therapeutic effect of an operation in correcting hypertension is virtually the same, regardless of whether the arterial stenotic lesions are in the main renal artery or in the intrarenal arterial branches. We have found nephrectomy or dacron bypass graft to be the surgical procedure of choice in renovascular hypertension cases.
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PMID:Therapeutic experience in renal hypertension: response treatment in 47 cases. 123 71

Aortic lysosomal enzyme activities have been evaluated in relation to the extent and severity of aortic atherosclerosis in rhesus monkeys to see the biochemical and pathological effects of renal hypertension in experimental atherogenesis. The frequency and size of atherosclerotic plaques in aortas of atherogenic diet fed and/or hypertensive monkeys were calculated and an overall score of aortic atherosclerosis was computed on the basis of the gamut of pathological findings in relation to the biochemical alterations. This overall score of atherosclerosis was found to be significantly (p less than 0.01) greater in animals of all experimental groups as compared to the controls.
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PMID:Aortic lysosomal hydrolases and pathological alterations in hypertensive and/or atherogenic diet fed rhesus monkeys. 162 32

Arterial structural changes play a key role in atherosclerosis and hypertension and could become a valid target for pharmacotherapy of these disorders. Current insights in arterial growth control were derived from experiments in cell culture and in experimental animals. In this study, we evaluated growth responses in isolated arterial segments and compared our in vitro observations to arterial changes in experimental models of essential and secondary renal hypertension. In isolated renal artery segments, serum growth factors caused a transient stimulation of DNA synthesis in the arterial media. This in vitro growth response did not lead to media hyperplasia, hypertrophy or hyperploidy. In intact, conscious 6-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), DNA synthesis in the media of large arteries was two to four times larger than that in arteries of age-matched normotensive rats. Yet, the elevated wall/lumen ratio in renal arteries of adult SHR was due to a reduction of the arterial lumen diameter and not to an altered media cross-sectional area. In addition, while aorta-coarctation resulted in a marked increase of renal arterial cross-sectional area it did not alter the number of renal artery smooth muscle cells. These observations indicate that even powerful chemical and mechanical mitogenic conditions do not alter the number of medial smooth muscle cells. This could be due to rapid down-regulation of arterial growth responsiveness, migration, and turnover of cells.
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PMID:Growth responses in the arterial wall. 203 89

Hypertension related to renal parenchymal disease is the most common cause of secondary hypertension. Poor control of renal hypertension is associated with an increased risk for progressive atherosclerosis and progressive renal failure. This review discusses the prevalence, significance, and pathophysiology of renal hypertension. Treatment options, both dietary and pharmacologic are reviewed. Special emphasis is given to important pharmacokinetic changes in chronic renal failure. Treatment of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies in this population is also reviewed.
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PMID:Control of hypertension in patients with chronic renal failure. 265 99

Diabetes may be associated with systolic hypertension secondary to atherosclerosis, renal hypertension secondary to diabetic nephropathy, and essential hypertension. The latter is by far the most prevalent, and a wealth of epidemiologic data suggests that such an association is independent of age and obesity. Considerable evidence indicates that the link between diabetes and essential hypertension is hyperinsulinemia. Thus, when hypertensive subjects, whether obese or of normal body weight, are compared to age- and weight-matched normotensive controls, a heightened plasma insulin response to a glucose challenge is found consistently. A state of cellular resistance to insulin action subtends the observed hyperinsulinism. With the use of the glucose clamp technique coupled with tracer glucose infusion and indirect calorimetry, it can be shown that the insulin resistance of essential hypertension is located in peripheral tissues (muscle), is limited to nonoxidative pathways of glucose disposal, and is directly correlated with the severity of hypertension. The reasons for the association of insulin resistance and essential hypertension can be sought in at least four general types of mechanisms--sodium retention, sympathetic nervous system overactivity, disturbed membrane ion transport, and altered muscle fiber composition. Physiologic maneuvers such as caloric restriction in the overweight individual and regular physical exercise can improve tissue sensitivity to insulin; good preliminary evidence shows that these measures can also lower blood pressure in both normotensive and hypertensive individuals. A strong case can therefore be made for the use of physiologic intervention in the treatment of essential hypertension.
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PMID:The association of essential hypertension and diabetes. 268 84


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