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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report the results from detailed morphological, histochemical and electron microscopic studies on the gingivae of patients without diseases other than periodontosis and of patients with periodontosis and underlying hypertension and atherosclerosis. In each group of patients, the authors established a relationship between the clinical particularities of the course of the periodontosis and the characteristics of the microcirculation in the periodontium. It was also evidenced that the changes in the gingival tissues observed in these groups of patients were due to fundamental differences in the impairment of the transcapillary metabolism which depends on the morphofunctional condition of the microcapillaries. These facts should be considered when adopting a treatment method.
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PMID:[Morphological aspects of vascular changes in the gingival tissue in periodontosis]. 27 Aug 53

This relatively young man with a host of medical problems including polycystic kidneys. chronic renal failure, long-standing hypertension, and premature atherosclerosis, died of cardiovascular disease; not, as might be expected, from his severe coronary artery disease but rather from purulent pericarditis. The latter was an unusual and unexpected consequence of the entire complex of his illnesses and because of its confinement to the posterior pericardium by postoperative adhesions produced an asymmetric cardiac tamponade.
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PMID:Clinical pathologic conference. Purulent pericarditis with asymmetric cardiac tamponade: a cause of death months after coronary artery bypass surgery. 30 Sep 84

Renal revascularization has been performed in six patients in whom severe atherosclerosis or previous operative procedures on the abdominal aorta precluded the performance of a standard aortorenal bypass graft. Splenorenal anastomoses were performed in three patients, superior mesenterorenal anastomosis in one patient, long saphenous vein iliorenal anastomosis in one patient, and renal autotransplantation in one patient. Successful renal revascularization with preservation of renal function was accomplished in all patients. The natural history of severe atherosclerotic renovascular disease has demonstrated the relatively frequent occurrence of arterial thrombosis and renal failure in patients with solitary kidneys. Occasionally, the presence of severe aortic disease precludes the use of standard aortorenal bypass grafting. Fortunately, as reported herein, alternate methods of revascularization are available whereby renovascular hypertension can be corrected and renal function preserved, with minimal operative risk.
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PMID:Renal revascularization in patients with severe atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta or a previous operation on the abdominal aorta. 31 44

This paper reviews and discusses the evidence supporting the involvement of defective fibrinolysis in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, with emphasis on diabetes mellitus. According to the literature, defective fibrinolysis has been observed in association with virtually every major "risk factor" for coronary heart disease, including diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, obesity, cigarette smoking and lack of physical exercise. The interrelationships between disturbances in carbohydrate and fat metabolism and fibrinolysis are considered. Attention is drawn to the need for increased clinical attention to the potential role of defective fibrinolysis in atherogenesis, and periodic assessments of the fibrinolytic status are suggested as a promising approach toward early recognition of atherosclerotic tendency and risk. The judicious use of physiologic, dietary and pharmacologic means to correct defective fibrinolysis prophylactically and for the treatment of some forms of atherosclerosis is advocated.
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PMID:Fibrinolysis and risk factors of atherosclerotic disease, with special emphasis on diabetes mellitus. 35 70

Heart disease continues to be a major cause of disablement and death in Canada. Elevated serum cholesterol concentrations, hypertension and cigarette smoking are among the standard risk factors associated with ischemic heart disease. Research attention has also been directed at the role of behavioural factors in the development of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Experimental findings support a conceptual approach to the interplay of psychologic stress, the type A "coronary"-prone behaviour pattern and pathophysiologic mechanisms that have been implicated in the development of coronary artery disease. It is concluded that type A behaviour and stress contribute substantially to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. However, assessment of the manner in which these two variables influence the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease requires further research, with systematic examination of physiologic and biochemical processes. Potential strategies for modifying type A behaviour are reviewed. However, unequivocal support for the preventive efficacy of behavioural approaches must await future research.
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PMID:Behavioural prevention of ischemic heart disease. 36 Nov 91

Little is known of the clinical significance of myocardial bridges, which may be recognized angiographically as systolic coronary artery narrowing (SCAN). A retrospective review of a 1 year's experience (313 consecutive coronary arteriograms) revealed 5 patients with SCAN, an incidence of 1.6%. SCAN involved the proximal and/or middle segments of the left anterior descending coronary artery in all patients. It is of particular note that the administration of nitroglycerin noticeably accentuated the SCAN phenomenon in each of 3 patients to whom it was administered. Four of the 5 patients had left ventricular hypertrophy due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (2), aortic stenosis (1), and hypertension (1). All 5 patients with the SCAN phenomenon had anginal chest pains, and critical obstructive coronary atherosclerosis was observed in only 2 cases. The other 3 patients showed, otherwise normal coronary arteriograms. Thus, myocardial bridges appear to be angiographically manifest predominantly in patients with cardiac hypertrophy. Nitroglycerin, which accentuates SCAN, might be useful as a provocative test to enhance the angiographic recognition of this phenomenon. The possible role of myocardial bridges in the production of myocardial ischemia warrants further investigation.
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PMID:Myocardial bridges in man: clinical correlations and angiographic accentuation with nitroglycerin. 40 19

The treatment of high blood pressure prevents death from congestive heart failure, hypertensive nephropathy, and encephalopathy, and strokes from cerebral arteriolar disease (lacunes, hemorrhage from microaneurysms). However, atherosclerosis, manifested as coronary artery disease is just as frequent a cause of death in well-controlled hypertensives as in poorly-controlled patients. Increasing evidence suggests that increased blood velocity, by causing turbulence and high shear rates at the endothelial surface of arteries, may be important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Turbulence has been observed in cerebral berry aneurysms. In order to measure the effects of antihypertensive agents on blood velocity, a new method of analysing Doppler ultrasound velocity recordings has been developed. Studies in Rhesus monkeys show the following: In doses which reduce diastolic pressure by 13-28%, propranolol decreased mean blood velocity (MV) by 17%, clonidine decreased MV by 14%, while methyldopa increased MV 12%, and hydralazine increased MV by 52%. (p less than .00001). It is hypothesized that enlargement of berry aneurysms, the progression of cerebral atherosclerosis, and embolism from carotid lesions might all be decreased by the selection of antihypertensive agents which decrease blood velocity.
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PMID:Effects of antihypertensive drugs on blood velocity: implications for prevention of cerebral vascular disease. 40 9

Human body continuously assimilates a variety of elements from the environment and the concentration of these elements in blood is regulated by means of various homeostatic mechanisms. Some of the elements, though present in very small amounts perform highly specialized functions in initiating many biochemical reactions. These elements, known as essential trace elements, are closely related to human diseases as their deficiency or excess induces physiological changes. Many diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes etc are related to trace element imbalance. Therefore the measurement of trace elements in body fluids and tissues can be effectively employed for diagnostic tests.
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PMID:Trace element analysis: a diagnostic tool. 41 53

Stroke is increasingly becoming a major cause of death and morbidity in African population among most of which the frequencies of hypertension are considerable, although hard data based on community surveys are lacking and most of the information available is from hospital data. The epidemiology of stroke in the Africans is reviewed. The frequencies in hospital populations varied from 0.9% to 4.0% and stroke accounted for 0.5% to 45% of neurological admissions. There is male predominance in published series. The main risk factors are hypertension, diabetes mellitus and homozygous sickle cell disease (in children only). Ischaemic stroke is by far the commonest clinical type encountered. These conclusions are further supported by experience at Ibadan, of over 1100 Africans seen over 18 years reported briefly in this communication. The results of the first community study over a 2-year period on the incidence of stroke in an African Urban (Ibadan) Community are presented. The study was carried out as part of a multinational multicentric study initiated and sponsored by the World Health Organization. The male to female ratio was five to two. Incidence rates reached peaks in the eighth decade in males and in seventh decade in females and were higher in males in all age groups, and the rates are comparable with those recorded in European populations, except in those under the age of 40 in Ibadan, in which age-specific incidence rates are considerably lower than in European and Japanese populations. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus constituted the main risk factors. Mortality and recurrence rates are described and are similar to experience in the Caucasians. Hypertension in the Nigerians predispose to a high frequency of cerebrovascular disease other than through mainly cerebral atherosclerosis. With increasing longevity of Nigerians and other Africans, the mortality and morbidity caused by cerebrovascular disease would probably become of enormous dimensions and adequate control of high blood pressure on a community basis may be the only way of preventing this: this would be desirable as myocardial infarction in contradistinction to hypertensive heart disease is an uncommon complication of high blood pressure in the Africans and prevention of hypertensive heart disease as shown by experience elsewhere can be achieved by control of high blood pressure, which does not seem to prevent ischaemic myocardial disease.
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PMID:Stroke in the Africans. 41 66

In 64 patients with ischemic strokes that occurred on the background of atherosclerosis (33) and a combination of atherosclerosis with arterial hypertension (31) using the dilution method of Evans's blue the authors studied indices of general hemodynamics compared to rheoencephalographic data. Twenty similar patients without signs of brain circulation disturbances and 20 healthy persons were taken as control groups. In 69% of the patients with ischemic strokes deep disturbances of general hemodynamics were observed. An increase of tonus, a decrease of elasticity of cerebral vessels and deficit of pulse blood repletion were determined rheoencephalographically. Insufficiency of general hemodynamics in conditions of changed autoregulation of brain circulation promotes development of ischemic disorders of brain circulation and unfavourably influences the course and outcome of the stroke.
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PMID:[State of general and cerebral hemodynamics in patients with ischemic strokes]. 42 64


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