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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Results of histological and histochemical studies of the choroid of the eyes of deceased old people who when alive suffered from glaucoma, hypertensive disease and atherosclerosis, are presented. It was established that hypertensive disease, general atherosclerosis, symptomatic hypertension brought about peculiar changes in the choroid vessels and stroma. There were revealed changes in the venous system of the choroid of the glaucomatous eyes, which testified to the presence of venous congestion in them, this apparently being one of pathogenetic factors in origination of primary glaucoma.
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PMID:[Comparative pathology of the choroid vessels in glaucoma, hypertension and arteriosclerosis]. 13 10

The authors examined 350 patients with initial forms of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. Among the studied group 98 had discirculatory disorders. All patients were studied for the eye ground, intraocular and retinal pressure. The following clinical symptoms characterized this group of patients: antigiospasms, organic changes in the arterial vessels of the retina, changes in the peripapillar zones, in a normal eye retraction, a drop in the diastolic retinal pressure. Glaucoma was depicted in 27%. In patients with a tendency to cerebral paroxysms and transient disorders of cerebral circulation there were more distinct and more frequent symptoms of angiospasms, as well as signs of organic changes in the retinal arteries. The authors mark an increase in the systolic and retinal pressure and an asymmetry of it. Glaucoma was depicted in 3% of the cases.
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PMID:[The condition of the retinal vessels and intraocular and retinal pressure in patients with incipient forms of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis]. 111 38

The authors performed a case-control study of risk factors for suprachoroidal expulsive hemorrhage (SEH); the study involved 68 SEH cases at their institution from 1981 to 1986. The authors examined 113 variables in the study group and a procedure-matched control group of 217 patients randomly selected from the 35,459 patients who underwent intraocular surgery during this period, and subjected them to bivariate and conditional logistic regression analysis. The incidence of SEH was 0.19% overall, 0.16% for lens-related procedures, 0.15% for glaucoma surgery, 0.41% for retinal and vitreous procedures, and 0.56% for keratoplasty. Statistically significant risk factors for SEH in age-adjusted bivariate analyses included: glaucoma (P less than 0.0001), increased axial length (P less than 0.0001), elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) (P less than 0.0001), generalized atherosclerosis (P = 0.007), and elevated intraoperative pulse (P = 0.0001). Conditional logistic regression analysis with frequency matching on age identified significant independent risks associated with a history of glaucoma, elevated IOP, increased axial length, and intraoperative tachycardia. One of the models predicts a 752-fold increased theoretical relative risk of SEH for a patient with axial length greater than or equal to 25.8 mm, a history of glaucoma, preoperative IOP greater than 18 mmHg, and intraoperative pulse greater than or equal to 85 beats per minute. The visual outcome after SEH was best in cases of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), compared with other procedures. Results suggest that attention to multiple preoperative and intraoperative ocular and systemic variables may allow identification and prophylaxis of patients at risk for SEH.
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PMID:A case-control study of risk factors for intraoperative suprachoroidal expulsive hemorrhage. 200 78

In order to study effectiveness of surgical treatment in patients with glaucoma in association with atherosclerosis or diabetes mellitus, remote observations (from 1 to 8 years) were carried out over 216 patients operated at different stages of the glaucomatous process: at the initial stage--104 eyes, at the advanced--87, and the far-advanced--53 eyes. Sinusotrabeculectomy in the author's modification was used: at first the external wall of the Schlemm's canal was removed, then the trabecula was destroyed by a blunt spatula, gradually letting out the chamber aqueous. The observations carried out have shown that surgical treatment of glaucoma in patients with atherosclerosis is more effective at the initial and advanced stages. In patients with glaucoma and diabetes mellitus, surgical treatment was most effective in persons with initial stage of glaucoma. It should be noted here that surgical treatment at initial stage of glaucoma allows to preserve high visual functions for a long period of time. Stabilization of the process in persons operated at the initial stage was achieved in 95-97% of cases. This gives grounds to recommend surgical treatment of glaucoma in patients with atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus at the initial stage of the glaucomatous process. The fall of intraocular pressure is mainly connected with improvement of the aqueous outflow.
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PMID:[The late results of the surgical treatment of glaucoma in patients with atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus]. 228 Sep 44

The paper analyses immediate and remote results after medicamentous-surgical treatment of open-angle glaucoma of stages II and III with preliminary vasosection of facial vessels of the ophthalmic artery basin in 110 patients, aged under 60 years (21), from 61 to 70 (43), above 70 (46). Atherosclerosis of retinal vessels was recorded in 83.6% of patients, hypertonic disease--in 61.8%. The results of a 5-year period of observation have shown that in glaucoma of stage II visual functions remained at the initial level in 84% of patients, and of stage III--in 78.2%. Positive results of vasosection used as a means for improvement of hemodynamics in the internal coats of the eye and the optic nerve after antiglaucomatous operations confirm that, besides antiglaucomatous operations, it is necessary to use a complex of preparations and vasosection, thus improving the hemodynamics of the eye and providing preservation of visual functions.
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PMID:[The immediate and late results of the combined treatment of open-angle glaucoma]. 228 Sep 49

The thickness of the sclera has been morphologically examined in 165 cadaver eyes and the thickness of the reticular plate (RP) in 68 eyes in open-angle glaucoma, atherosclerosis, and involution. The measurements have shown that the sclera and RP are thinner in atherosclerosis than in the control, this process being more manifest in the RP. The RP supporting characteristics deteriorate even in vascular abnormalities. Open-angle glaucoma is associated with a most significant thinning of the sclera (t up to 5.33), but when this process develops far, the thinning ceases (t = 0.06). RP thinning is more marked (t = 2.2 = 7.58) and does not cease in case of a far-developed process. The values of the pressure on the posterior segment of the eye in health and in glaucoma are presented; this pressure is drastically elevated in glaucoma, which fact may explain the stretching of the entire posterior segment (of the sclera by 1.5 times and of the RP by 8.5 times). Since the mechanical properties of the RP are poor and the plate virtually disappears, the optic nerve is devoid of its support.
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PMID:[Quantitative biochemical shifts in the connective tissue of the rear section of the eyeball in glaucoma and atherosclerosis]. 272 63

A case of recurrent postprandial amaurosis fugax (AF) associated with periorbital pain is described. Clinical and angiographic examination revealed moderate atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels and narrow-angle glaucoma. Cerebral postprandial hypoperfusion combined with increased intraocular pressure probably precipitated the painful monocular blindness. The attacks of AF subsided partially after treatment of the glaucoma.
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PMID:Postprandial transient painful amaurosis fugax. 374 61

This paper deals with the relation of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism to etiopathogenesis of glaucoma. 102 patients with primary glaucoma of an open angle were examined and it was discovered that 80 patients from this group (78%) had an abnormal immuno-reactive insulin curve, in particular of the hypersecretory type. Standard gauge test for abnormal glucose level was administered with 31 glaucomatous patients (30%). From this point of view screening for immuno-reactive insulin is a more sensitive and reliable method than the glucose standard gauge test. It is recommended that testing for immuno-reactive insulin should be introduced for all glaucomatous patients because this can help both in the detection of early stages of diabetes and in the administration of primary prevention of atherosclerosis among the population.
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PMID:[Hormonal changes in open-angle glaucoma. I. Levels of immunoreactive insulin in serum]. 845 86

Ischemic disorders of the retina and optic nerve head (OPH) constitute a common cause of visual loss in the middle-aged and elderly population. These disorders have a high association with atherosclerosis. This review has considered the various aspects of atherosclerosis and its role, as well as that of serotonin, in the development of ischemic disorders of the retina and ONH. It is known that when platelets aggregate on an atheromatous plaque, serotonin is one of the agents released. Studies in experimental atherosclerotic monkeys have shown that, although serotonin has no effect on ocular vasculature in normal monkeys, in atherosclerotic monkeys it produces vasopasm of the central retinal artery (CRA) and/or posterior ciliary artery (PCA) in various combinations but not vasopasm of the arterioles in the retina; vasospasm of the CRA and/or PCA(s) can consequently cause transient, complete occlusion or impaired blood flow in these arteries. It is postulated that in some atherosclerotic individuals this mechanism may play an important role in the development of ischemic disorders of the retina and ONH, including amaurosis fugax, (CRA) occlusion and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, and possibly also glaucomatous optic neuropathy, particularly in normal tension glaucoma. Studies have also shown that dietary treatment of atherosclerosis abolishes or markedly improves the serotonin induced vasoconstriction within a few months. All these considerations may have important implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis and management of these blinding disorders.
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PMID:Retinal and optic nerve head ischemic disorders and atherosclerosis: role of serotonin. 993 83

Disease genes may be identified through functional, positional, and candidate gene approaches. Although extensive and often labor-intensive studies such as family linkage analysis, functional investigation of gene products and genome database searches are usually involved, thousands of human disease genes, especially for monogenic diseases with Mendelian transmission, have been identified. However, in diseases caused by more than one gene, or by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, identification of the genes is even more difficult. Common examples include atherosclerosis, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, asthma, diabetes, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. There have been conflicting reports on the roles of associated genes. Even with population-based case-control studies and new statistical methods such as the sib-ship disequilibrium test and the discordant alleles test, there is no agreement on whether alpha2-macroglobulin (A2M) is a gene for Alzheimer's disease. Another example is the inconsistent association between age-related macular degeneration and ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCR). Ethnic variation causes further complications. In our investigation of LDL-receptor variants in familial hypercholesterolemia, and the trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response protein, or myocillin (TIGR-MYOC) mutation pattern in primary open angle glaucoma, we did find dissimilar results in Chinese compared to Caucasians. New information from the Human Genome Project and advancements in technologies will aid the search for and confirm identification of disease genes despite such challenges.
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PMID:Hunting for disease genes in multi-functional diseases. 1109 34


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