Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Apexcardiograms were performed in 68 consecutive patients who had either normal findings or coronary artery disease on cardiac catheterization. The height of the a wave in relation to the total apexcardiographic deflection (a/H) and the duration of both the rapid (RFW) and the slow (SFW) filling periods were determined in each case. The patients were classified into three gorups: I, no evidence of heart disease on catheterization; II, significant coronary artery disease with elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; and III, coronary artery disease with normal filling pressure. There was a significant difference (P less than 0.001) between the SFW/RFW values (mean +/- 1 standard deviation) in control subject (group I, 2.3 +/- 0.5) and in subjects with coronary artery disease (group II, 4.7 +/- 1.6 and group III, 4 +/- 1.7). Setting the upper limit of normal for SFW/RFW at 2.8 (mean + 1 standard deviation) identified 94 percent of patients, in group II, 71 percent of patients in group III and 86 percent of all patients with coronary disease (group II plus group III). This sensitivity appeared greater than that of the a/H ratio. Only 2 of 17 patients (12 percent) without coronary atherosclerosis had an SFW/RFW ratio greater than 2.8. It is concluded that (1) the slow/rapid filling period ratio is a useful noninvasive measurement for identifying subjects with ischemic heart disease; (2) the increased values for slow/rapid filling period ratio associated with obstructive coronary lesions may be caused by impairment of early left ventricular distensibility; and (3) this ratio should be determined in patients with other forms of heart disease to determine its specificity.
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PMID:Slow filling period/rapid filling period ratio in the apexcardiogram: relation to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. 68 50

Between 1969 and 1976, 174 patients were treated surgically for simultaneous carotid and coronary atherosclerosis. In 59 patients, staged carotid endarterectomy was performed a few days to 6 months prior to myocardial revascularization. Severe (more than 60% stenosis) coronary atherosclerosis affected a single vessel in 11 patients (19%), two vessels in 20 patients (34%), and three vessels in 28 patients (47%). Left ventricular contraction was impaired in 30 patients (51%). Nine patients (15%) had previous neurological symptoms, and 50 patients (85%) had asymptomatic carotid stenosis. One patient (1.5%) had a permanent stroke after carotid endarterectomy. There were no permanent strokes after staged myocardial revascularization, and the early mortality rate was 1.7%. Combined carotid endarterectomy and myocardial revascularization were performed in 115 patients with severe cardiac disease. Coronary atherosclerosis affected a single vessel in 10 patients (9%), two vessels in 39 patients (34%), and three vessels in 66 patients (57%). Left ventricular impairment was present in 72 patients (63%). Thirty-five patients (30%) had previous neurological symptoms, and 80 patients (70%) had asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Five patients (4.3%) had permanent strokes after combined revascularization, and four of these patients had occlusion or severe stenosis of the contralateral internal carotid artery. The early mortality rate was 4.3%, but no deaths could be attributed to carotid repair. The results suggest that significant simultaneous carotid and coronary atherosclerosis should be corrected in selected patients by staged operations when feasible. In the presence of severe cardiac disease, a combined precedure may be performed in face of higher risk of intraoperative stroke.
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PMID:Staged and combined surgical approach to simultaneous carotid and coronary vascular disease. 71

We evaluated platelet aggregation in vitro in blood samples drawn simultaneously from aorta and coronary sinus. Platelet aggregation was significantly lower in the coronary venous blood than in the aortic blood in patients with coronary artery disease. Lower platelet counts were also observed in coronary venous blood. No such differences were seen in subjects with normal coronary arteries. Oral administration of aspirin eliminated the differences in platelet aggregation and counts across the myocardial vascular bed. These observations suggest that platelet sequestration in the myocardial vasculature may be related to the presence of disease in the coronary arteries.
Atherosclerosis 1978 Oct
PMID:Platelet aggregation studies in coronary artery disease. Past 4. Effect of aspirin. 72 35

The coronary collateral circulation of 162 patients suffering from atherosclerosis and coronary insufficiency (coronary artery disease) was studied. It was found to be present in 44 patients, or 27.1%; homocoronary in 9%, intercoronary in 90.9%. As other Authors have previously reported, anastomotic circulation is more developed when the coronary occlusion exceeds 75%. Not one of the 44 cases with normal coronary arteries or occlusion inferior to 75% presented collateral circulation. In addition, it was found to be present more frequently in cases with three branch lesions. The time of insurgence of coronary insufficiency seems to condition the development of anastomotic circulation which appears more frequently when the symptoms have been present for more than 5 years (43.9%). Anastomotic circulation is also found more frequently (48.4%) in patients who have suffered myocardial infarction and who have angina. Collateral circulation was not found in any of the 46 patients with unstable isolated angina; this seems to show the importance, in its pathogenesis, of the functional factor (spasm). In conclusion, we may say that anastomotic circulation is more developed: 1) in cases of severe occlusive lesions (in severe coronary occlusive disease/atherosclerosis) (85%);2) in three branch lesions; 3) in cases of long standing symptomatology; 4) in stable angina and in angina t infarction.
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PMID:[Coronary collateral circulation in coronary atherosclerosis (author's transl)]. 73 69

Over a 12-year period, from 1965 to 1977, 43 women under 46 years of age were documented with angiographic evidence of coronary atherosclerosis at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney. Twenty-five of the women were able to be followed up at a mean interval of 31 months. This group of young women with coronary artery disease was compared with an age-matched control group of 660 "healthy" women drawn from the general population. Hyperlipidaemia was present in 72% of patients and in 13% of controls. Seventy-three percent of patients were regular cigarette smokers compared with 21% of controls. Only one patient out of 43 showed neither hyperlipikaemia, nor hypertension, nor smoked cigarettes, and multiple risk factors were commonly present. The level of high density or alpha-lipoprotein was significantly reduced in young women with coronary artery disease. These results highlight the presence of classical risk factors in these young women, as well as the importance of alpha-lipoproteins.
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PMID:Coronary artery disease in young Australian women. 73 44

Because of the statistical establishment of elevated blood lipids as a risk factor in the development of atherosclerotic heart disease, most of the attempts to regulate blood lipids by diet are centered on the fat in the diet. The levels of blood lipids and the course of experimental atherosclerosis can be affected by other dietary components such as type and amount of protein, carbohydrate, and nonnutritive fiber. Interaction among the dietary components further affects serum lipids and atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Diet and atherosclerosis. 78 36

By far the most frequent pathologic condition preceding myocardial infarction is coronary atherosclerosis. Because the great majority of patients who are first seen with acute myocardial infarction have atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, there is usually little thought given to other causes, except in children where congenital coronary anomalies are considered. However, there are multiple other conditions, albeit far rarer than atherosclerosis, that can result in clinical acute myocardial infarction, and a classification of these other conditions, an anatomic-pathophysiologic one, was developed from illustrative material from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. This classification is an inclusive listing of all conditions, however unusual, that can result in acute myocardial infarction.
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PMID:Myocardial infarction without atherosclerosis. 80 70

1. 46 cases of Prinzmetal's angina have been studied: there were 36 males and 10 females, with an average age of 54.6 years. 19 patients (group A) were treated medically, and 12 of these were followed up for more than 6 months (average follow-up period 45.1 months). 27 patients (group B) underwent a coronary by-pass procedure: 22 of these were followed up for more than 6 months after surgery (average postoperative follow-up period 21.6 months). 2. One patient from group A and two patients from group B died, one of them from postoperative renal failure. None of the three deaths could be attributed directly to the coronary artery disease. 2 patients from group A and 5 patients from group B had a myocardial infarction without fatal outcome. 5 of the 12 patients in group A and 16 of the 22 patients in group B were asymptomatic after more than 6 months of follow-up. 3. The treatment policy should take account: - of the prognosis of Prinzmetal's angina, which is on the whole better than that of an unstable angina pectoris of the common type; - of an assessment of the risks in each individual case; these are increased when there is a combination of risk factors for atherosclerosis, and/or severe arrhythmia with syncope, and/or persistant electrical changes in the territory of the anterior descending artery, and/or coronary artery lesions involving two or three major vessels. 4. Surgery is used if there is a failure of treatment with beta-blockers, which are used under cover of a pacemaker when there is a paroxysmal block. If medical treatment is successful, surgery is indicated in high-risk cases.
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PMID:[Discussion on therapeutic attitude in Prinzmetal's angina. Apropos of 6 cases]. 81 80

Food and Drug Administration policy being considered for new marketed hypolipidemic agents includes: long-term safety to be demonstrated in postmarketing studies; evidence of clinical effectiveness to be demonstrated within a specified time period. Effectiveness is to be judged by one or more of the following: reduction in xanthomata, reduction atherosclerotic plaque, reduction in morbidity of coronary artery disease or peripheral and cerebral atherosclerosis, and reduction in mortality. Randomized double blind trials are deemed necessary.
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PMID:FDA considerations regarding new hypolipidemic agents. 83 24

To study the association of plasma cortisol and coronary atherosclerosis, we elected 71 male outpatients who had coronary angiography as part of their evaluation at our facility. Forty-eight percent of the angiograms showed no evidence of coronary artery disease (CAD), 20% showed mild CAD, and 32% showed moderate to severe CAD. We found significant correlations between elevated serial morning plasma cortisols and moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis. Using the odds ratio, we compared plasma cortisol to the major risk factors for coronary artery disease. Plasma cortisol was second only to serum cholesterol as a discriminator in our patient population between diseased and non-diseased patients. We found a significant correlation between plasma cortisol and cholesterol, blood pressure, and smoking- the three cardinal risk factors for CAD. The highest degree of correlation was found between cortisol and cholesterol. The possible significance of the association of cortisol and the major risk factors for CAD is discussed.
Atherosclerosis 1977 Feb
PMID:The association of elevated plasma cortisol and early atherosclerosis as demonstrated by coronary angiography. 83 52


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