Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 758 consecutive patients attending three hypertension clinics answered a questionnaire designed to assess the prevalence and severity of complaints of cold extremities among patients on various antihypertensive drugs. Forty-four per cent claimed to have had complaints of cold extremities and about 50% of these had had symptoms already prior to antihypertensive treatment. Among the newly symptomatic patients the prevalence of symptoms was 18% of those on diuretics and 40% of those on beta-blockers (p less than 0.01). No significant association was found between the prevalence of symptoms and age, sex, use of vibrating tools, smoking or history of various conditions associated with atherosclerosis. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of symptoms among patients on propranolol, alprenolol, pindolol, atenolol and metoprolol. It is concluded that cold hands and feet are common among hypertensive patients and may be aggravated by treatment with not only beta-blockers but also diuretics.
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PMID:Complaints of cold extremities among patients on antihypertensive treatment. 613 58

We evaluated left ventricular function in 10 scleroderma patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of congestive heart failure. M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated normal to increased systolic function in all patients. The presence of pulmonary venous congestion on the chest radiograph was not useful in assessing left ventricular systolic function. Five of nine patients with normal to increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) had increased cardiothoracic ratios and increased pulmonary vascular markings. Left ventricular hypertrophy was associated with a worse New York Heart Association functional class, more pulmonary vascular congestion, and greater left atrial size. In the presence of normal systolic function and ventricular hypertrophy, diminished left ventricular diastolic compliance may account for the cardiac dysfunction in these patients. Cold pressor testing induced peripheral Raynaud's phenomenon in nine of nine patients; however, no ST segment changes or chest pain was provoked. In seven of nine patients there was no abnormal fall in LVEF. The mechanism for the fall in ejection fraction seen in two patients may be related to an increase in afterload or myocardial ischemia secondary to coronary atherosclerosis. We found little to suggest that a myocardial Raynaud's phenomenon affects left ventricular perfusion or systolic function. Clinical signs and symptoms of congestive failure as well as chest radiographs are poor indicators of impaired systolic function in scleroderma patients. Based on these findings, it appears that evaluation of left ventricular systolic function should include echocardiographic or angiographic study before such patients are treated for heart failure with inotropic agents.
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PMID:Left ventricular function at rest and during Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with scleroderma. 650 43

Whole-blood viscosity (measured at 128, 23 and 0.2 s-(1) was significantly increased in 29 females with Raynaud's syndrome, 13 males with vibration-induced Raynaud's syndrome, and 18 males with calf claudication secondary to atherosclerosis, as compared with 50 healthy controls matched for sex, age and smoking habit. Viscosity was higher at low temperature (27 and 22 degrees C) in all three types of vascular disease and, despite symptoms of cold hypersensitivity, patients with Raynaud's syndrome did not show selective hypersensitivity at low temperature. Patients with vascular disease, irrespective of aetiology, also showed an increase in the acute-phase reactants haptoglobin, fibrinogen, and factor VIII antigen, together with reduced fibrinolytic activity and minor activation of platelets. These alterations in viscosity and haemostatic factors in vascular disease are probably related to the degree, rather than the aetiology, of endothelial damage and their cumulative effect may contribute to local stasis and thrombosis, particularly in cold extremities.
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PMID:Hyperviscosity and thrombotic changes in idiopathic and secondary Raynaud's syndrome. 677 75

The incidence of coronary artery reoperations averaged 2.7% from 1967 through 1979. In a mean interval of 51 months between operations, three-vessel disease increased from 24% to 63%, and 31% of these 500 consecutive patients lost previously normal left ventricular function. Three angiographic indication groups were identified: (1) progressive coronary atherosclerosis, 247 (51%); (2) graft failure, 147 (29%); and (3) a combination of progressive coronary atherosclerosis and graft failure, 96 (19%). Angina recurred earlier in patient with graft failure, mean 17 months compared with a mean of 37 months for the other groups. Twenty (4%) operative deaths occurred. The series is divided into 387 patients operated upon under normothermic anoxic arrest and 113 with systemic hypothermia and cold cardioplegia. In the cardioplegia group, perioperative myocardial infarction was 2.7% in comparison with 7.8% for patients with anoxic arrest (p = 0.055). The number of grafts per patient increased from 1.0 to 1.9 and blood usage decreased from 11 units to 2.7 units. After a mean follow-up of 42 months, angina was relieved or improved in 86%. Recatheterization of 104 patients after a mean interval of 19 months showed a 79% vein graft patency rate and a 97% mammary artery graft patency rate. Grafting performed for graft failure (47) yielded an 85% patency rate. Actuarial 5 year survival was 87.4% for those with progressive atherosclerosis, 89.4% for patients with graft failure, and 91.5% for the combined indication group. Clinical improvement, graft patency, and long-term survival are nearly equal among the indication groups. Palliation derived from these reoperations approaches that achieved after primary revascularization.
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PMID:Late clinical and arteriographic results in 500 coronary artery reoperations. 697 75

Renal transplantation and preservation techniques permit the use of vascular and microvascular surgical procedures for the reconstruction of renal vessels in situations where the size or location of involved renal vessels does not permit the application of standard in situ techniques. Six cases with renal vascular lesions were studied, one each of intimal fibromuscular hyperplasia, medial arterial fibroplasia, renal artery aneurysm, atherosclerosis, iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula, and traumatic venous laceration, that were repaired by ex vivo surgery and autotransplantation under cold storage or continuous hypothermic perfusion protection, which preserved renal tissue. We believe these techniques should be considered before nephrectomy is undertaken, especially in the patient with one kidney.
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PMID:Autotransplantation and ex vivo surgery for renovascular disease. 701 71

Impaired endothelium-dependent vasomotion in response to flow-mediated, cholinergic, and cold pressor stimulation has been demonstrated in the presence of both atherosclerosis and cardiac risk factors. This study investigated the effects of different vasoactive stimuli on brachial artery vasomotion with respect to age and gender. Forty healthy subjects (20 men and 20 women), ages 23 to 52 years, were studied. Using 7.5 MHz ultrasound, brachial artery diameter and Doppler flow velocity at baseline, following 5 min of ipsilateral blood pressure cuff occlusion (flow-mediated), during contralateral hand immersion in ice (cold pressor) and after sublingual nitroglycerin administration, were measured in older subjects (> 40 yrs) and younger subjects (< 40 yrs). Among normal subjects, % diameter change in response to the flow-mediated stimulus was less in older men than in younger men (6.8 +/- 3.2% vs. 11.5 +/- 7.4%, p < 0.05); older and younger women had comparable responses (10.0 +/- 5.3% vs. 11.6 +/- 4.3%, p = NS). With cold pressor, normal older men and older women vasoconstricted (-1.2 +/- 0.9%, -2.2 +/- 4.7%) compared with younger subjects who vasodilated (1.4 +/- 2.5%, 0.6 +/- 2.3%, p < 0.02). The cold pressor test elicited comparable responses among older normal subjects. Nitroglycerin, a non-endothelium-mediated stimulus, induced significant vasodilatation in all the groups. In conclusion, endothelium-mediated responses in subjects of varying age and gender are stimulus-dependent. Flow-mediated vasodilatation could not differentiate older premenopausal women from younger women; cold pressor stimulus could.
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PMID:The effects of age and gender on brachial artery endothelium-dependent vasoactivity are stimulus-dependent. 758 66

Patient care and research in clinical vascular surgery have traditionally and appropriately focused on the complications of atherosclerosis. Without question, however, the clinical field of vascular surgery encompasses a number of areas other than clinical vasospasm as exemplified by Raynaud's syndrome. At the Clinical Research Center at the Oregon Health Sciences University, during the past 20 years the vascular surgery unit has maintained an active research program in Raynaud's syndrome and to date has enrolled and longitudinally followed more than 1000 patients with this affliction. There has been an opportunity to participate in the long-term management of this large population with emphasis both on natural history and vascular laboratory diagnosis and treatment. Raynaud's syndrome is a condition characterized by episodic digital ischemia in response to cold or emotional stimuli. The incidence is greater in women, and it is more frequent in areas with a cool, damp climate. Raynaud's usually affects the hands and fingers, but it may affect the feet and toes as well. The classical Raynaud's attack is tricolor and consists of blanching of the digits resulting from cessation of arterial flow, then cyanosis upon rewarming. This is followed by reactive hyperemia, which causes the digits to turn red. Raynaud's syndrome is classified into two groups: vasospastic or obstructive. Vasospastic Raynaud's is generally cold-induced. Nicotine, stress, and caffeine are associated with vasospasm. Obstructive Raynaud's is observed in association with other diseases such as connective tissue disorders, atherosclerosis, traumatic occlusion, Buerger's disease, and occupational related disorders. The diagnosis of Raynaud's is based on differentiating between vasospasm and obstruction and detecting the presence of associated disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Raynaud's syndrome: diagnosis and treatment. 774 70

Effects of TMP-153, N-[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-3-quinolyl]-N'-(2,4-difluorophe nyl)urea, on intestinal and hepatic acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activities, cholesterol absorption and plasma cholesterol level in rats and hamsters were studied. TMP-153 has IC50 values of around 5-10 nM for the hepatic and intestinal ACAT from various animals. The most potent inhibition was observed in the intestinal ACAT from Golden hamsters (IC50 = 2.3 nM). The inhibition mode of TMP-153 was non-competitive for rat intestinal ACAT. TMP-153 inhibited cholesterol esterification both in human colonic adenocarcinoma cells, LS180, and in human hepatoma cells, HepG2 (IC50 = 150 nM and 330 nM, respectively). [14C]cholesterol and cold cholesterol absorption from the small intestine was markedly inhibited by oral administration of TMP-153 (1 mg/kg) without affecting lymph flow and triglyceride absorption. When the compound was given as a dietary admixture, plasma cholesterol was reduced in rats fed a cholesterol diet (ED50 = 0.25 mg/kg/day), but not in those fed a stock diet. On the other hand, TMP-153 showed more prominent hypocholesterolemic effect in Golden hamsters fed the stock diet (ED50 = 0.81 mg/kg/day) than in those fed the cholesterol diet (ED50 = 8.01 mg/kg/day). In hamsters fed the stock diet, TMP-153 markedly decreased the hepatic unesterified cholesterol in addition to esterified cholesterol content, but did not affect bile flow and the biliary secretion of bile acid and lipids. Different mechanisms for plasma cholesterol lowering by TMP-153 between rats and hamsters was discussed.
Atherosclerosis 1995 Feb
PMID:TMP-153, a novel ACAT inhibitor, inhibits cholesterol absorption and lowers plasma cholesterol in rats and hamsters. 775 57

Out of a number of 2113 of COLD ambulatory cases followed-up over 20 years, 170 cases of death were registered. The causes were: heart in 54%, cancer in 42% among which 37% lung cancer, exceeding 8 times the mean figures on the whole country. These diseases: COLD, atherosclerosis inducing heart disease and lung cancer have common risk factors which unbalance respiratory homeostasis. By obstructing the airways they lead to cellular O2 deficit. In this way the cell is compelled to shift to anaerobic glycolysis in order to supply the bioenergy necessary for life, resulting in malignancy mutagenesis. On a control group of 166 cases of lung cancer a ventilatory impairment was noted in the history: obstructive syndrome in 63.8%, restrictive syndrome in 28.3%, which means chronic respiratory insufficiency.
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PMID:[Chronic obstructive bronchopneumonia (COBP), a precancerous state through destabilization of body homeostasis and bioenergetics]. 776 2

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a major constituent of plasma lipoprotein that functions in lipid transport and redistribution (reverse cholesterol transport) and probably plays an important role in inhibiting the development and/or progression of atherosclerosis. While cis-acting regions involved in basal and tissue-specific control of the apoE gene have been identified by promoter mapping studies, much less is known about factors that regulate the gene. In this study, we demonstrate that the region between -94 and -84 upstream of transcriptional start site of the human apoE gene contains a binding site for the transcriptional repressor factor BEF-1, a tyrosine-phosphorylated nuclear protein that was first identified in HeLa cells. Using gel retardation assays, we show that HeLa cell-derived BEF-1 binds the apoE BEF-1 homology, and this binding can be competed with the prototype BEF-1 sequence, but not by a mutated sequence. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the apoE- producing human liver HepG2 cell produces significant levels of BEF-1, which could bind to both the prototype BEF-1 sequence and the apoE homology, and be competed equivalently with cold BEF-1 or apoE homology. To determine if BEF-1 affected the expression of apoE, we performed competition experiments using plasmids containing the intact or mutated BEF-1 homology. The introduction of the intact BEF-1 site into HepG2 cells resulted in an induction of apoE mRNA, whereas control and mutated BEF-1-containing plasmids had no significant effect. We also found that increasing the level of nuclear BEF-1 by treatment of cells with orthovanadate resulted in a reduction in the level of apoE mRNA. Overall, our data suggest that the endogenous apoE gene in the human HepG2 cell line is repressed by the trans-acting influence of nuclear factor BEF-1.
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PMID:The human apolipoprotein E gene is negatively regulated in human liver HepG2 cells by the transcription factor BEF-1. 779 34


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