Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

BR-931 [4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio-(N-beta-hydroxyethyl)-acetamide], a new hypolipidemic agent of low toxicity, was evaluated in several tests of lipolysis and hyperlipidemia in rats, and in the cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. Significant hypolipidemic activity was observed in rats with doses of the agent at 12.5--50 mg/kg. In the Triton-induced hyperlipidemia, 50 mg BR-931 per kg was equieffective as 200 mg of clofibrate (CPIB) per kg. In contrast with CPIB, BR-931 exerted a powerful antilipolytic activity against epinephrine, ACTH, nicotine and cold exposure. BR-931 was particularly effective in diet-induced hyperlipidemias. Ethanol lipemia was totally prevented by the agent at 100 mg/kg. With Nath's diet, doses as low as 25 mg/kg significantly reduced hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. In these last two tests, the distribution of lipoprotein cholesterol was also determined. CPIB did not affect HDL cholesterol levels that had been decreased by the diets; in contrast, BR-931, already at doses of 50 mg/kg, brought the HDL/total cholesterol ratio back toward normal. A significant HDL cholesterol increase, together with some reduction of atheromatosis, was also observed in cholesterol-fed rabbits. BR-931, a potent inducer of liver peroxisones and of mitochondrial carmitine acetyltransferase, appears to be a hypolipidemic agent of high efficacy and low toxicity for the clinical treatment of hyperlipidemias and atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis 1978 May
PMID:Pharmacological profile of BR-931, a new hypolipidemic agent that increases high-density lipoproteins. 20 96

Apoprotein-AI concentrations were measured in whole blood in 13 male mountaineers before, during and after a strenuous climb of 8 weeks' duration. The AI concentration almost doubled in 3 weeks and remained elevated at that level for the full period of the climb. This study demonstrates the rapid rate at which high density lipoproteins can rise and the very high levels (148 +/- 29 mg/dl in whole blood) that can be reached. The rise can be attributed at least in part to exercise though other factors such as exposure to cold, hypoxia and mental stress might also have contributed.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Oct
PMID:Marked increase in high density lipoproteins in mountaineers. 22 72

The study was aimed at evaluating the effect of pyridinolcarbamate in patients with atherosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs. A single intravenous administration of the drug did not induce changes in resting blood flow, but elicited a significant decline in capillary filtration rate. In a double-blind cross-over trial patients reported a significant prolongation of walking distance after 6 months of pyridinolcarbamate treatment. Sensation of cold in the lower limbs was not affected. Pyridinolcarbamate did not influence peak values of blood flow through the calf but they appeared significantly earlier. No significant changes were seen at the evaluation of the elevation and dependency test and performance using tiptoeing test. Likewise the findings of systolic pressure in the lower limbs, pulse wave morphology, and claudication distance on treadmill did not confirm a therapeutic effect of pyridinolcarbamate.
 ...
PMID:The effect of pyridinolcarbamate after acute and chronic administration in patients with atherosclerosis obliterans. 84 32

A comparison of cold pressor response with coronary arteriography and left ventriculography was made in 26 consecutive patients having chest pain suggesting coronary heart disease. Patients with normal coronary arteriograms and normal left ventriculograms showed normal cold pressor responses. Patients with coronary atherosclerosis and normal left ventricular performance showed an exaggerated cold pressor response, whereas patients with severe coronary atherosclerosis and poor left ventricular performance did not exhibit an exaggerated cold pressor response. In patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction having dyskinesia or akinesia of the inferior wall, the cold pressor response was not impaired. In contrast, patients with anterior wall myocardial infarction and dyskinesia or akinesia of the anterior wall showed a marked impairment of the left ventricular performance and no exaggeration of the cold pressor response.
 ...
PMID:Correlation of cold pressor response with coronary atherosclerosis and left ventricular performance. 105 63

1. A new approach to hypertension is introduced by taking into consideration not only casual blood pressure but also baseline blood pressure, blood pressure lability and cold pressor response. 2. In addition to blood pressure measurements the vascular damage in terms of atherosclerosis and/or retinal arteriosclerosis was also taken into consideration by grouping the patients into four groups: Normal; Arteriosclerosis; Hypertension; Hypertension & superimposed arteriosclerosis. 3. Prior to initiating treatment, at least six casual blood pressures were taken by the technical assistant and the physician, during three different visits. 4. The step method, by starting with thiazides and adding other antihypertensive agents during the subsequent office visits according to response was followed. 5. The patients were followed for a four to seven year period so that a meaningful prognostic and therapeutic evaluation was possible. 6. All patients with pure hypertension and without arteriosclerosis and those with pure arteriosclerosis and without hypertension survived during the period of observation. 7. Twenty-three per cent (12 of 51) of males having hypertension with super-imposed arteriosclerosis died, as compared to only 4% (2 of 54) of females; thus a male to female mortality ratio of about 6:1 was observed. 8. A comparison of the living and deceased males of the mixed group having hypertension and superimposed arteriosclerosis showed that the most significant difference between the two subgroups was a marked exaggeration of diastolic cold pressor response in the deceased as compared to the still living patients. 9. It remains to be seen whether or not in these patients with a marked exaggeration of the diastolic cold pressor response, by using a more vigorous treatment with drugs such as methyldopa, propranolol or guanethidine in relatively high doses, we might be able to reduce mortality and increase survival.
 ...
PMID:A clinical approach to hypertension. 107 17

Insufficiencies of the circulatory system and increasing transport losses in pigs as well as analogies with respect to atherosclerosis of men and swine were the motives for a broad statistical investigation of important characteristics of the circulatory system in a big population of female German landrace pigs, fattened as progeny groups under identical conditions in a testing station and slaughtered at 100 kg weight. As the most essential results, highly significant seasonal and genetical influences on several traits are to be mentioned, and some meaningful correlations between them: Plasma cholesterol, ceruloplasmin and hematocrit showed markedly lower levels in the summer and increased values in the cold season; the thickness of the intima (aorta and arteria pulmonalis) was quite distinctly greatest in the spring, this phenomenon being almost exactly paralleled by augmented amounts of copper and iron in the aortic wall. Increased heart weights were again found in the cold, decreased ones in the warm seasons. On average, bigger hearts and vessels were accompanied by higher elastin contents of the aorta, but these contents stood in very significant negative correlation to the ash content and the amounts of certain mineral components (Ca, Mg and P) of the vessel wall, especially to the ash percentage of the elastic fibers. This indicates that calcifying and mineralizing processes in the wall obviously take place at the cost of the elastic components. The estimation of heritabilities in half and full sibs revealed with h2 = 60% high henetic influences on the elastin content of the aorta and equally so on the ash percentage of elastic fibers. Future investigations must correlate these findings with direct measurements of biomechanical and rheological properties of the vessels.
 ...
PMID:[The exogenous and genetic components of some vessel wall characteristics in the pig (author's transl)]. 122 Jun 64

In order to evaluate whether Hageman factor (XII) is increased in survivors of myocardial infarction and whether this in turn influences factor VII coagulant activity (VIIc), we examined the coagulation and lipoprotein profiles in 82 subjects, 51 of whom had a definite history of myocardial infarction and 31 healthy volunteers invited from a local general practice register for a cardiovascular screen. Both serum cholesterol (P = 0.03) and plasma fibrinogen levels (P = 0.02) were significantly elevated in cases compared with controls. There were no significant differences in coagulant activities, and in particular factor XII concentration was not significantly different between groups. Furthermore, in 47 of the subjects, 28 of whom had a history of myocardial infarction, a more detailed analysis, including measurement of VIIc after overnight incubation of plasma at 4 degrees C, was undertaken. Approximately half the subjects in either group showed some evidence of activation, though history of myocardial infarction was not in itself a significant predictor of this. All measures of XII concentration related positively to VIIc after cold activation, the strongest being the measure of amidolytic activity following activation of factor XII (XIIAm) (r = 0.5, P < 0.01). In addition, XIIa, a measure of activity due to enzymes derived from factor XII, related strongly to many of the measured lipoprotein variables, particularly VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides, supporting the hypothesis that negatively charged molecules such as free fatty acids on larger lipoprotein particles provide the contact surface necessary to activate factor XII. The findings confirm the importance of this alternative pathway in leading to activation of factor VII.
Atherosclerosis 1992 Nov
PMID:Hageman factor and risk of myocardial infarction in middle-aged men. 144 95

The cold pressor test (CPT) is commonly used to determine the vasospastic origin of angina and to investigate the factors modulating coronary vasomotor tone. However, coronary vasoconstriction associated with this manoeuvre is often limited, particularly in patients with mild coronary atherosclerosis. To identify stimuli that can more powerfully constrict the coronary arteries we compared the effects on coronary blood flow (thermodilution) and vascular resistance (mean aortic pressure divided by coronary blood flow) of CPT (2 min) and diving (D, 45 s) in subjects with angiographically documented mild (n = 11) or severe (n = 11) left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis. In subjects with severe coronary artery stenosis the rate-pressure product increased to a similar extent with CPT and D. The latter stimulus, however, caused a more marked fall in coronary blood flow and a much more pronounced increase in coronary resistance as compared to CPT (+44 +/- 3.1% vs +19 +/- 1.6%, P less than 0.01). In the face of a similar increase in rate-pressure product, D caused a significant increase in coronary vascular resistance also in patients with mild coronary artery stenosis (less than or equal to 50%) in which CPT failed to induce any coronary vasoconstriction (+16 +/- 1.8% vs +0.3 +/- 1.3%, P less than 0.01). Thus, diving is a much more powerful coronary vasoconstrictor stimulus than CPT. It can thus replace CPT when an increase in coronary resistance is needed for diagnostic purposes or for investigating abnormalities in coronary vascular regulation.
 ...
PMID:Coronary response to diving in subjects with mild and severe left coronary artery disease. 159 14

Most ischemic heart disease in associated with severe coronary atherosclerosis. A small subset of patients, however, had angina pectoris despite angiographically normal coronary arteries and absence of inducible coronary spasm. Coronary microcirculation (i.e. arteries too small to be visualized by current angiographic techniques) has been identified as the weak point of these patients. Small coronary vessel involvement may be due to organic conditions (such as diabetes, vasculitis, systemic collagen-vascular diseases, infectious processes) that act through coronary thrombosis or embolism and related alteration in coronary vasomotion; alternatively, the vascular abnormality appears to be entirely functional (no ultrastructural myocardial changes) such as the case of hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and syndrome X. Whatever the cause(s) and mechanism(s) of the small coronary artery involvement, this leads to myocardial ischemia and to the related complications as in classic atherosclerotic heart disease. Syndrome X is characterized by effort-induced angina pectoris, ST-segment changes during exercise testing, negative ergonovine test and reduced coronary reserve. A pre-arteriolar hypersensitivity to vasoconstrictor influences (elicited by cold pressor test or ergonovine) and a reduced vasodilator capacity (unmasked by metabolic and pharmacological studies) have been proposed as potential pathogenetic substrate. This dynamic alteration in vasomotion would answer for both symptoms and signs of myocardial ischemia, that, however, appear to be contemporarily elicitable in a minority of patients. Treatment with beta-blockers and calcium-antagonists has been found to be effective. The long-term follow-up shows favorable outcome with a high survival rate and a low incidence of cardiovascular events.
 ...
PMID:[Angina due to microvascular pathology]. 184 63

To study past histories of patients who died suddenly, we selected cases from all the summary death certificates in which death occurred within 24 hours from the onset of symptoms spanning 1984 to 1986 in Niigata prefecture with a population of 2.5 million. We then re-examined all information on the death certificates to determine the underlying causes. Sudden deaths due to cardiovascular diseases other than acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident (OCD) accounted for the largest proportion (51.4%). The proportion of death of unknown etiology increased with the decrease in age in both sexes aged 15 to 54 years, accounting for 67.8% in males and 51.1% in females. The number of cases with histories of diseases related to atherosclerosis (e.g. hypertension, old cerebrovascular accident, etc) increased with age in both sexes, accounting for 38.5% in males and 36.4% in females, both aged 75 years old and over. Except diseases related to atherosclerosis, the past histories accounted for 2.5% or greater were as follows: alcoholism (4.1%), psychiatric disorder (PSY, 2.9%) and valvular heart diseases (VD, 2.6%) in 15-54-year-old males; ischemic heart diseases (IHD, 9.4%), arrhythmia without organic heart diseases (ARR, 2.5%) and VD (2.5%) in 55-74-year-old male; IHD (11.4%), bronchial asthma (3.7%), common cold within one month (CC, 3.6%), cor pulmonale or its related diseases (3.0%) and ARR (2.6%) in male of 75 years old and over; PSY (8.7%), IHD (5.8%), VD (5.1%), pregnancy, delivery or related diseases (4.4%), chronic renal failure (3.6%) and CC (2.9%) in 15-54-year-old females; IHD (10.2%), VD (3.2%) and ARR (2.6%) in 55-74-year-old females; and IHD (11.8%) in females of 75 years old and over. When diseases related to atherosclerosis were included, half of the sudden death cases due to OCD had past histories of underlying cause. As descriptions of past histories are often incomplete, there were probably more cases with past histories. The results of this study indicate that investigation of past histories may aid in elucidating and preventing sudden death.
 ...
PMID:[Past histories of sudden death without specific underlying disease]. 184 23


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>