Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recent investigations on cholesterol metabolism in man have led to new insights into diseases associated with abnormal accumulations of cholesterol in plasma (hypercholesterolemia), arterial tissues (atherosclerosis) and biliary tract (gallstones). Regulation of cholesterol synthesis under the influence of dietary and plasma cholesterol, may play a crucial role in determining biliary and tissue concentrations of this sterol. Plasma concentrations, on the other hand, appear to be controlled by complex mechanisms for secretion, transformation and removal of plasma lipoproteins. The recent identification of specific cellular receptors for uptake of plasma lipoproteins represents a significant advance for the understanding of regulation of both plasma and tissue concentrations, and possibly of the basic mechanisms underlying accumulation of cholesterol in atherosclerotic plaques.
 ...
PMID:Cholesterol metabolism in man. 20 11

Obesity leads to several complications that affect many body systems. This paper focuses mainly on the cardiovascular complications, which include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and stroke, and congestive heart failure; the last may be secondary not only to advanced coronary atherosclerosis, but also to other pathogenetic factors. The increased frequency of coronary heart disease in the obese is largely attributable to the commonly associated hypertension, diabetes mellitus and lipoprotein abnormalities, rather than the adiposity. The lipoprotein disorders that have a role in atherogenesis are decreased plasma concentrations of high-density lipoproteins and elevated plasma concentrations of low-density lipoproteins. Abnormalities in cholesterol metabolism are responsible for the increased frequency of cholelithiasis in obese persons. The factors that mediate the development of cardiovascular and gallbladder complications are correctable by an appropriate program of meal planning and physical activity.
 ...
PMID:Medical complications of obesity. 73 18

In view of the reported excess prevalence of atherosclerosis and cholelithiasis in diabetes, we investigated several aspects of cholesterol metabolism under metabolic ward conditions in six Pima Indians with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus. Cholesterol balance (13.5 versus 11.0 mg per kilogram per day, P less than 0.05), fecal bile acid excretion (415 versus 261 mg per day, P less than 0.05), bile acid pool size (3150 versus 1950 mg, P less than 0.05), fasting plasma cholesterol (193 versus 160 mg per deciliter, P less than 0.05) and plasma triglycerides (251 versus 150 mg per deciliter, P less than 0.05) were higher during uncontrolled hyperglycemia than during relative euglycemia on insulin. The increased plasma lipid levels and total cholesterol synthesis during hyperglycemia may contribute to the acceleration of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus. Gallbladder bile was significantly more saturated with cholesterol (181 per cent versus 114 per cent, P less than 0.05) during insulin treatment than during uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Bile lipid composition was thus more favorable to cholesterol precipitation and gallstone formation during insulin treatment than in the untreated diabetic state.
 ...
PMID:Effects of diabetes mellitus on cholesterol metabolism in man. 87 Aug 27

This paper reports the treatment with Yiqi Huoxue and Shugan Liqi agents in atherosclerosis of rabbit. The results suggested: 1. Both decoctions could reduce the cholesterol of hypercholesterolemia and improve the atherosclerosis, but the former was better than the latter. 2. Both decoctions could alter the components of bile lipids, but on the contrary, the latter was better than the former in reducing the formation of gallstones. 3. Both decoctions could decrease the plasma concentration of LPO and ratio of TXB2/6-K-PGF1 alpha, while increase the ratio of cAMP/cGMP in plasma. So, the different prescriptions of TCM affecting the same link of pathogenesis might play the role of "Different Treatments in Same Disease".
 ...
PMID:[Experimental study of atherosclerosis and cholelithiasis with the same treatment. I. Effects of yiqi huoxue and shugan liqi agents in atherosclerosis of rabbit]. 139 94

Aortoenteric fistulas were first reported in 1822. Primary aortoenteric fistulas are uncommon (less than 200 cases reported). Secondary aortoenteric fistulas are a well-recognized complication of prosthetic grafts (incidence from 0.4 to 2.4%). Atherosclerosis, gallstones, foreign bodies, carcinomas, and diverticular disease are the most common etiologies. Diagnosis is difficult with most studies being nondiagnostic. A high incidence of suspicion is required to successfully diagnosis preoperatively. Surgical repair is required for survival of the patients and should consist of the following: 1) primary closure of the intestinal defect, 2) either primary anatomical repair with a prosthetic graft or extra-anatomical vascular reconstruction, depending upon the presence or absence of infection, and 3) treatment with appropriate antibiotics. One of the largest series of primary aortoenteric fistulas from a single institution consisting of three cases secondary to aneurysmal and granulomatous disease is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Primary aortoenteric fistulas. 173 31

Both gallstones and coronary artery disease are associated with cholesterol. Therefore, the literature was searched for evidence that gallbladder disease can be considered a risk factor for coronary artery disease. The problem has been approached from several angles. Studies designed to discover whether lipid profiles associated with gallbladder disease are similar to those associated with coronary artery disease have shown contradictory results. Autopsy studies have indicated that atherosclerosis appeared to be more extensive in patients with gallstones, but, again it was unclear whether the relationship was causal or merely reflected coincidental factors of some other origin. A study attempting to find a relationship between gallstone formation and a low-cholesterol diet actually showed a higher rate of gallstone formation among the patients on the low-cholesterol diet. Possible explanations for the results of these various studies are offered.
 ...
PMID:Gallbladder disease and coronary artery disease: is there a link? 187 44

The article generalizes the experience in treating 137 patients with diseases of the stomach and duodenum. The largest group included 82 persons with peptic ulcer; 45 had carcinoma of the stomach; 5 had benign tumors of the stomach, and 5 persons had chronic duodenal obstruction. The most common concurrent disease was cholelithiasis (102 patients), it was diagnosed before the operation in 70% of patients with peptic ulcer and in 85% of those with carcinoma of the stomach. Among the less predominant diseases were abdominal hernias (12 patients), cysts of various localization (7), varicosity (3), chronic appendicitis (3), atherosclerosis obliterans (2), ect. Organ-preserving operations were carried out as the main stage of surgery in most patients with peptic ulcer. The nature of the simultaneous operations corresponded to the concomitant surgical diseases. Most of the operations (125) were performed through a median laparotomy approach; superior median laparotomy was mostly resorted (115 patients). Four (2.9%) patients died after the operation. It is pointed out that patients with gastroduodenal diseases must be thoroughly to reveal concurrent surgical diseases.
 ...
PMID:[Combined operations in diseases of the stomach and duodenum]. 233 94

Diets currently used to produce atherosclerotic lesions in mice are often undefined and cause accumulation of fat in the liver and gallstone formation. Therefore, synthetic low and high fat diets of known composition were formulated in this study. A synthetic diet containing 50% sucrose, 15% cocoa butter, 1% cholesterol, and 0.5% sodium cholate was found to produce a depression in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and an elevation of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the atherosclerosis-susceptible strain, C57BL/6J. This diet was able to consistently produce aortic lesions and led to a decrease in liver damage and gallstone formation. The synthetic low fat diet did not produce HDL-C levels as high as those found in mice fed chow, but resulted in similar VLDL/LDL-C levels. Lipoprotein and apolipoprotein parameters were compared in C57BL/6J and the atherosclerosis-resistant strain, C3H/HeJ, consuming the synthetic low fat or high fat diets. As reported earlier, when consuming a high fat diet C57BL/6J mice have significantly lower HDL-C and apoA-I levels than C3H/HeJ mice. Further analysis shows that the molar ratio of plasma HDL-C to apoA-I is significantly lower in C57BL/6J mice, suggesting that HDL in the susceptible strain has a lower cholesterol-carrying capacity. This conclusion is consistent with the observation that the HDL particle size is smaller for C57BL/6J mice than for C3H/HeJ. Both strains increased their apoE levels when fed the synthetic high fat diet, but C3H/HeJ mice had higher levels of apoE on both diets. The major response to consumption of the high fat diet for both strains was an increase in apoB-48 from 5 micrograms/ml on a low fat diet to 54 and 109 micrograms/ml for C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ, respectively. ApoB-100 showed minimal response to the high fat diet. The defined high fat diet can be used to study atherosclerosis in the mouse since it produces aortic lesions but reduces or eliminates other pathological changes such as gallstone formation and liver damage.
 ...
PMID:Synthetic low and high fat diets for the study of atherosclerosis in the mouse. 238 Jun 34

A case is reported in which simultaneous surgical correction of coronary atherosclerosis and cholelithiasis was performed. A 71-year-old man was admitted with severe stable angina and right hypochondrial dull pain. Coronary angiograms disclosed severe triple vessel disease, and abdominal echography demonstrated gallstone. He underwent bypass of left anterior descending, diagonal, obtuse marginal, and right coronary arteries with autogenous saphenous vein on cardiopulmonary bypass. The procedure was followed immediately by cholecystectomy. His postoperative course was uneventful.
 ...
PMID:[Concomitant coronary artery bypass and cholecystectomy: a case report]. 259 5

Gallstone disease has been recognized to be linked to others metabolic disorders such as obesity, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Previous studies demonstrated a close relationship between abnormal eating habits and gallstone disease. The total caloric intake should be calculated on each individual energy requirement and should be restricted in over-weight patients. The diet should contain approximately 15-20% of the daily calories from proteins, 30-35% from fat (mainly vegetable fat for the higher content in polyunsaturated fat) and 40-55% from carbohydrate (especially complex carbohydrate). In addition the nutritional plan should consist of adequate amount of minerals and vitamins and the fiber consumption should be increased to 30-40 g/day. Finally, at last the Authors recommends (6279-8372 Kj- a regular subdivision of the meals (small and frequent) dressed in the very natural wag.
 ...
PMID:[The dietary problem in cholelithiasis and patients at risk]. 295 22


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>