Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase (CEH) activity was assayed in mononuclear cells of patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis (transient ischemic attacks, TIA) and in age-matched controls showing no evidence of atherosclerosis. The acid CEH level of TIA patients was significantly lower than that of controls (1074 +/- 128 vs 2113 +/- 255 pmol/mg P/hr, mean +/- SE). Neither mononuclear cell nor plasma cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations differed significantly between atherosclerotic and control groups. TIA women had lower mononuclear cell concentrations of free cholesterol than men.
 ...
PMID:Cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity in human symptomatic atherosclerosis. 721 70

Unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis may be accompanied by widespread atherosclerosis of extra- and intracranial vessels leading to subtle cognitive disorders. We applied multichannel recording of P300 in 28 patients (68.3 +/- 8.1 years; 15 asymptomatic, 13 with a history of transient ischemic attack (TIA)) and compared them with an age- and sex-matched control group. All underwent a visual "odd-ball paradigm" as well as a psychometric test, the Cognitive Performance Test (CPT), testing mainly visual attention and memory. The potentials were derived from 16 electrodes according to the 10/20 system against linked mastoids. The latencies and amplitudes of N250 and P300 were measured and their amplitudes additionally mapped. Furthermore, the early sensory exogenous potentials, P1 and N1, within the P300 potentials as well as conventional pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) were evaluated. (1) Both the early exogenous potentials and the conventional PVEPs showed no significant differences among all groups. (2) There were no significant differences between asymptomatic patients and those with a TIA history in all parameters of the P300 complex so that one total patient group was constructed and compared to the controls. (3) Patients' P300 amplitudes showed significant reductions over hemispheres ipsilateral (P < or = 0.014) and contralateral (P < or = 0.044) to the stenosis. (4) The N250 amplitudes were reduced only in the central leads (P < or = 0.05). (5) The latencies of N250 potentials were significantly prolonged at many electrodes, not only ipsi-(P < or = 0.0007) but also contralateral (P < or = 0.022) to the stenosis. (6) The patients' P300 latencies showed significant lengthening only at occipital sites (P < or = 0.05) compared to controls. (7) In all measured parameters, within the patient group, the differences between hemispheres ipsilateral versus contralateral to the ICA stenoses did not reach statistical significance. (8) The CPT values detected slight cognitive disorders for both patient groups and they correlated significantly with the latencies in many leads. (9) The highest test sensitivity to classify patients versus controls (z score > 2) was reached in P300 maps of TIA patients (77%). An altered P300 indicates electrophysiologically, and CPT behaviorally, subclinical cognitive deficits even in asymptomatic patients with unilateral tight ICA stenoses. Interestingly, no differences between asymptomatic and TIA patients with a high-grade unilateral ICA stenosis could be found.
 ...
PMID:Symptomatic and asymptomatic high-grade unilateral internal carotid artery stenosis: scalp topography of event-related potentials (P300) and psychometric testing. 753 51

From 1982 to 1992, 25 patients with subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) were admitted with 20 undergoing surgery. Etiology included atherosclerosis 56% (14/25), Takayasu's disease 36% (9/25), 14 of them were smokers. Stenosis or occlusion of the left subclavian artery were found in 14, the right in 7, and bilateral in 4. 14 cases had vertigo symptoms, 24 cases had claudication of the arm, 9 of them complained transient ischemic attack (TIA). Carotid to subclavian bypass were performed for 15 cases. Two patients underwent axilloaxillary bypass with evidence of both clinical and laboratory improvement. Aorta-Carotid graft bypass was done in 2 cases with good result in one. PTA was done for a girl with innominate severe stenosis but symptom recurred three months later. Symptoms of the upper extremity ischemia were relieved in 75% of the patients, and of the cerebrovascular ischemia in 50%. Our conclusion is that surgical therapy remains the treatment of choice in symptomatic patients.
 ...
PMID:[Subclavian steal syndrome: a report of 25 cases]. 784 5

This study included 125 cases of cerebellar infarction followed during an average period of 4.3 years. The diagnosis was made by CT or MRI. Infarctions localized to the territory of the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) and the territory of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) occurred with the same frequency. Transient ischemic attacks preceded infarction in 26% of cases. Symptoms and signs were usual with sudden association of headache, dizziness, unsteadiness and vomiting. Vestibular signs were more important in infarctions of the PICA territory; cerebellar signs and dysarthria were more frequent in infarction of the SCA territory. A decreased level of consciousness developed in only 21% of cases. Surgical operation was required in 9 cases. Investigations have showed the large responsibility of cardiac embolisms and atherosclerosis. Short term outcome was more often favourable: 116 patients were alive at the end of the first month; 80% of survivors were independent one year later. At 5 years, 73% of patients were alive. After the acute period, mortality was mainly due to cerebro-vascular and cardiac events.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical and evolutive aspects of cerebellar infarction]. 786 66

Carotid artery disease is often implicated in primary ischemic stroke secondary to thrombosis or embolism and may indicate concurrent cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of the majority of strokes. It is highly correlated with carotid artery disease because it occurs most often at the bifurcation of the common carotids. Transient ischemic attacks are an important clinical syndrome in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with carotid insufficiency. Amaurosis fugax is typically the most common ocular symptom. In addition to a careful history and physical examination, definitive diagnosis and appropriate management of carotid disease mandates defining the location and extent of stenosis. Noninvasive duplex scanning is an ideal technique for determining which patients should proceed with invasive arteriography and carotid endarterectomy. Clinical trials have now officially established the value of endarterectomy in patients with carotid artery disease.
 ...
PMID:Carotid artery disease. 791 91

Although both mean lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentration and national stroke prevalence estimates are consistently higher in American blacks than in whites, no information exists on the relationship of Lp(a) and stroke prevalence in African-Americans. Associations of Lp(a) with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) are addressed in this report for 15,160 participants--4160 blacks and 11,000 whites--in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Lp(a) was measured in ARIC as its total protein component by double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for apo(a) detection. Self-reported stroke/TIA history was assessed as part of a standardized questionnaire, and resulted in age-adjusted stroke/TIA prevalences of 3.0% in blacks (n = 120) and 2.0% in whites (n = 222). Overall, mean Lp(a) protein levels were markedly higher for blacks than for whites (160.5 versus 81.6 micrograms/mL, respectively), and were statistically significantly higher among individuals reporting stroke/TIA history for both races (191.3 versus 159.6 micrograms/mL in blacks; 100.6 versus 81.2 micrograms/mL in whites). Multivariable logistic regression analysis for the association of Lp(a) protein with stroke/TIA status yielded a prevalence odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence intervals) of 1.17 (1.05, 1.30) overall (based on one standard deviation difference, 108.2 micrograms/mL, in Lp[a] protein). Race-specific ORs, after adjustment for the same covariates, were equivalent for blacks [OR = 1.17 (0.99, 1.39)] and whites [OR = 1.19 (1.04, 1.36)]. These data suggest that Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for stroke/TIA in both blacks and whites, and that the relative risk of stroke/TIA associated with Lp(a) protein does not vary by race.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Lipoprotein(a) as a correlate of stroke and transient ischemic attack prevalence in a biracial cohort: the ARIC Study. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities. 798 41

Stroke is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Over a 30-month period, 245 consecutive patients undergoing elective CABG were prospectively examined to determine which risk factors might predispose to stroke following surgery. The risk factors evaluated included hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, smoking, atrial fibrillation, a history of cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack, carotid artery stenosis > 60% documented by duplex scanning, severe atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta, and the presence of ventricular thrombus. Postoperative stroke occurred in five of the 245 patients (2%), four evident immediately on awakening and one on day 7 after surgery. The probable causes of the immediate strokes were atheroembolism in three patients and severe ipsilateral carotid stenosis in one. Hypertensive hemorrhage was responsible for the one case of delayed stroke. In this study, carotid artery stenosis did not presage stroke following CABG, but ventricular thrombus was highly predictive of stroke after surgery.
 ...
PMID:Risk factors for stroke in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. 807 23

The prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated risk factors was studied in 413 men aged 70-89, the survivors of the Finnish cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. Men were divided into five categories according to manifestations of prevalent CVD: I, history or ECG evidence of previous myocardial infarction (MI; 48 men, 12%); II, typical angina pectoris (AP; 56 men, 14%); III, other ischaemic electrocardiographic (ECG) changes (82 men, 20%); IV, stroke, transient ischaemic attack, intermittent claudication or minor ECG changes (other CVD; 78 men, 19%); V, free of CVD (149 men, 36%). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lowest in men with previous MI and in men free of CVD, and highest in men with other ischaemic ECG changes (P = 0.017). Low HDL-cholesterol (< 0.9 mmol/l) was more prevalent and the total/HDL-cholesterol ratio and triglyceride levels were higher in men with prevalent CHD (P < 0.05). Total and LDL-cholesterol, smoking, body mass index, fibrinogen, coagulation factor VIIc, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a) were not associated with prevalent CVD. The results show that manifestations of CHD and CVD are common among elderly Finnish men. Low HDL-cholesterol, total/HDL ratio, triglycerides and hypertension were associated with manifest CVD cross-sectionally.
Atherosclerosis 1993 Dec
PMID:Prevalence of coronary heart disease and associated risk factors among elderly Finnish men in the Seven Countries Study. 814 50

The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study is a population-based observational study of randomly sampled, census-based populations in four locations within the United States. The study was designed to determine whether there are regional differences in incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in populations aged 45 to 64 years. Both cohort examinations and community surveillance are included. In addition to a standardized transient ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke questionnaire and algorithm for determination of incidence and prevalence, B-scan ultrasonography is used to quantify the degree of atherosclerotic changes in the carotid artery. Initiated in late 1986, the first cohort evaluation was completed in early 1990. The third, which includes magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, is in progress and will be completed in 1996. Positive responses to the TIA/stroke questionnaire increase by decile of age, are greater in women than men, and are more frequent in African Americans than Caucasians. The baseline study using an algorithm for categorization of patient responses into vascular and other causes of TIA and stroke estimated prevalence of 5.5% in African Americans and 6.3% in Caucasians.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of stroke and transient ischemic attacks in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. 816 26

Because there is uncertainty about the role of atherogenic and nonatherogenic risk factors for cerebral ischemia in the young, we carried out a multicenter, hospital-based, case-control study. 333 patients (15-44 years) with focal cerebral ischemia (transient ischemic attack or stroke within 8 weeks of admission) were eligible. 25 patients were excluded, according to the protocol. 308 cases were matched by age and gender to one hospital and one population control. Independent risk was shown by logistic conditional regression for migraine with aura [odds ratio (OR) = 14.8], smoking (OR = 3.7), alcohol (OR = 2.8), serum triglycerides (OR = 1.6), arrhythmias (OR = 9.5), mitral stenosis (OR = 56), coronary heart disease (OR = 4.3) and carotid stenosis or occlusion (OR = 41). Serum HDL-cholesterol had a relative protective effect (OR = 0.8). These data confirm the role of atherosclerosis and cardiac diseases as well as migraine with aura and alcohol consumption in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia in the young. More thorough prevention programs may contribute to earlier detection and control of all of these risk factors, but further investigations in patients with as yet unidentified risk factors are warranted because the above-mentioned factors do not account for the total risk of ischemic stroke in the young.
 ...
PMID:Focal cerebral ischemia in young adults: a collaborative case-control study. The National Research Council Study Group. 823 6


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>