Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Frequency of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) and their underlying vascular lesions were analyzed in 724 autopsy cases, aged 40 years and over, in the community of Hisayama, Japan during the period 1961 to 1981. Cerebral infarction (CI) was more frequently found at autopsy than cerebral hemorrhage (CH) with a ratio of infarction and hemorrhage of 4.4. Small CI occupied 75.7% of the cases with CI. The cases with any type of CVD showed more severe atherosclerosis of the major cerebral arteries than did those without CI or CH. Cerebral atherosclerosis of those with large and medium CI was the greatest, and with decreasing severity in those with small CI and with CH sequentially. Fibrinoid necrosis of the intracerebral small arteries was frequently found in cases with hypertension and particularly associated with CH. The decline in frequency of CH was confirmed; however, changes in frequency of CI were not evident. Fibrinoid necrosis was also reduced, although the severity of cerebral atherosclerosis showed no definite change. The decline of CH seemed to be ascribed to the reduction of fibrinoid necrosis of the intracerebral small arteries.
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PMID:Cerebrovascular diseases and their underlying vascular lesions in Hisayama, Japan--a pathological study of autopsy cases. 665 98

Pathogenetic role of atrial fibrillation (AF) on myocardial and cerebral infarctions was studied in 2340 consecutive autopsies of the aged. AF was found in 405 cases or 17.3%, and the incidence of AF increased with age. Myocardial infarction and scar were found in 56.8% in AF, but in 36.4% in non-AF (p less than 0.001). Small myocardial infarction was 2.9 times (12.6% vs. 4.3%), and the scar was 1.5 times (27.2% vs. 18.7%) as prevalent in AF as in non-AF. Intracardiac mural thrombus was found in 14.8% in AF and in 4.8% in non-AF, 8 to 10 times as prevalent in small myocardial infarction (29.4% vs. 3.7%) and scar (17.4% vs. 1.7%) in AF as in non-AF. Coronary stenotic index revealed no difference between AF and non-AF. Large cerebral infarction was observed in 21.9% in AF and 7.3% in non-AF, and this difference was prominent in cases with myocardial infarction or myocardial scar indicating the common pathogenetic role of AF. In cases with large cerebral infarction severe cerebral atherosclerosis was less frequent in AF than in non-AF. Medium sized cortical infarction was also prevalent in AF. The prevalences of myocardial and cerebral infarctions were not different in AF complicated with valvular heart disease from those without it, but increased in the permanent AF in comparison to the transient AF. AF induced small myocardial infarction and large or medium sized cerebral infarctions by embolism from mural thrombus. The mechanism for the difference in size is discussed.
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PMID:Atrial fibrillation as a cause of myocardial and cerebral infarctions. 669 33

This study of cerebrovascular lesions at autopsy among Hawaiian Japanese men identifies similar risks factors for cerebral infarction and hemorrhage that have been identified in a previous incidence study. Demonstrated differences were essentially the same whether subjects with these tissue changes were compared to men showing no central nervous system disease at autopsy or when they were compared with men still alive. Cerebral infarcts accompanied myocardial infarction (CHD) in 58% of autopsy cases and were associated with CHD risk factors (high serum cholesterol, hypertension, severe atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries and aorta). These associations did not persist when CHD cases were removed from the analysis, indicating there were two subsets of men with cerebral infarction. Hypertension was strongly associated with hemorrhagic disease, as were cigarette use and alcohol consumption.
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PMID:Risk factors related to ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease at autopsy: the Honolulu Heart Study. 669 27

Heterogeneity of apolipoprotein E (apo E) was analyzed by isoelectric focusing of apo VLDL in patients with hyperlipidemia and/or atherosclerosis. Six major apo E phenotypes were shown, in agreement with the current genetic model which is composed of 3 major apo E isoproteins, apo E-4, apo E-3 and apo E-2, resulting from three apo E alleles, epsilon 4, epsilon 3 and epsilon 2, at a single genetic locus. We recognized an additional apolipoprotein band, which is located basic to apo E-4 on an isoelectric focusing gel, in 3 patients with hyperlipidemia. The new apolipoprotein component, named apo E-5, was identical with ordinary apo E in apparent molecular weight by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in its interactions with heparin-Sepharose gel and with anti-apo E antibody. This mutant apo E isoprotein had an isoelectric point more basic by one unit of charge than apo E-4. Two of 3 patients had the phenotype E5/3, and the other the phenotype E5/4. Genetic analysis of the apo E phenotypes in family members of the patients indicated the presence of a new apo E allele (epsilon 5) at the same genetic locus as hitherto known alleles. Since most of the subjects above 50 years old with apo E-5 had ischemic heart disease or cerebral infarction, it was suggested that the mutant apo E-5 may possibly be related to the development of atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis 1984 Feb
PMID:A new isoform of apolipoprotein E--apo E-5--associated with hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. 671 69

A retrospective study was carried out on a group of 138 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy for extracranial vascular disease. Risk factors of cerebrovascular disease and routine laboratory evaluations were assessed. Of the laboratory evaluations of blood lipids, only mean triglycerides were found to be significantly different from laboratory normals. Stroke as a clinical event has been suggested not to be correlated with blood lipids in a number of large studies, but the present investigation supports the notion that extracranial vascular disease may be associated with blood lipid concentrations. Previous studies of stroke and lipids have not separated out the anatomical site responsible for the cerebral infarction, and thus probably have underestimated the effect of lipids as a risk factor in cervical extracranial atherosclerosis and brain infarction.
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PMID:Triglycerides as a risk factor in extracranial atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease. 686 26

A clinical and angiographic study was conducted in 360 patients with previous reversible ischemic attacks (RIAs) in order to verify the influence of hematocrit, hemoglobin and red cell count within the normal range in the clinical picture of cerebral infarction and its relationship with angiographic atherosclerosis. No significantly different distribution of the three parameters considered has been found according to the presence and the degree of atherosclerosis. On the contrary, our data have shown a significant correlation between levels of hematocrit, hemoglobin and red cell count and some clinical aspects of the RIA when angiographic atherosclerosis is present.
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PMID:Italian study of cerebral reversible ischemic attacks. II. The hematocrit and hemoglobin distribution and its relationship between clinical pattern and angiographic abnormalities. 688 6

Central nervous system (CNS) infarcts were present at autopsy in 10 of 23 alcoholic patients and in 9 of 36 nonalcoholic patients. There were more males than expected in the infarct population and in the alcoholic population. Male subjects comprised the entire population of alcoholics with infarcts. In addition, a history of alcohol abuse was present in every case of cerebral infarction dying before age 75. The incidence of cardiomegaly was increased among the alcoholics. There were no differences between alcoholics and nonalcoholics in the incidence of diagnosed hypertension, moderate-to-severe coronary atherosclerosis, or adult onset diabetes. However, CNS infarction was more likely to occur at an earlier age in alcoholics than in nonalcoholics. Excessive alcohol consumption may be a risk factor in the premature development of cerebrovascular disease in males.
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PMID:Association of cerebral infarction and chronic alcoholism: an autopsy study. 703 Jan 9

A generalized atherosclerotic index with n types of lesions I(n) was defined in the form of an inner product of the profile vector alpha and the weight vector beta as: I(n) = 100 (alpha, beta), alpha = 1/A(alpha 0, alpha 1, ..., alpha n) and beta = 1/Wn(0, W1, ..., Wn), where A is the total area examined, alpha i(0 less than or equal to i less than or equal to n) is the area of the i-the type of lesion, the subscript 0 refers to the normal portion, and Wi is the weight to be given to the corresponding lesions, with only the restriction 0 less than or equal to W1 less than or equal to ... less than or equal to Wn. It was further extended to a composite, index of m arterial systems in matrix multiplication from as I(m,n) = 100 PQR, P and R being weight matrices and Q an observation matrix. As an example of its application, results obtained from our autopsy series were shown. In a total of 288 cases classified into four disease groups, the cerebral infarction group was highest in the severity of aortic atherosclerosis both in the customary index and in a modified index in which relatively small weight was given to the complicated lesion. The order of the other three groups was more clearly represented in the latter index than in the former.
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PMID:A generalization of the atherosclerotic index and its application. 710 Dec 86

Two patients with intracranial dissecting aneurysms were seen initially because of acute hemorrhage. One patient died, and a false dissecting aneurysm secondary to atherosclerosis was found at autopsy. In the other patient, the appearance of the carotid arteriogram was typical of a dissection. Because of the propensity of these aneurysms to rupture, caution is indicated in the use of anticoagulants or vasopressors in patients with evolving cerebral infarction secondary to intracranial arterial dissection.
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PMID:Intracranial hemorrhage produced by spontaneous dissecting intracranial aneurysm. 713 20

The authors present data on examining platelet and erythrocyte aggregation, blood viscosity, and platelet adhesion index in 96 patients with initial signs of cerebral circulation insufficiency, 45 patients with transient disturbances of the cerebral circulation, and in 40 patients with cerebral infarctions due to atherosclerosis and its combination with arterial hypertension. On the basis of the data obtained the importance of the changes of the blood rheological properties in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disorders (of various gravity) was specified, a dependence of these changes on the acuity of the manifestations of the transient cerebral circulation disturbances or cerebral infarction, and on the use of medicines was disclosed, and recommendations on administering antiaggregants and drugs lowering the blood viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation are given.
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PMID:[Rheologic properties of the blood in cerebral circulatory disorders of an ischemic nature]. 716 80


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