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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aortas, coronary and carotid arteries from 31 patients who died of myocardial or cerebral infarction were examined by direct immunoenzymatic tests (using peroxidase-labelled anti human IgG sheep Fab or anti human complement sheep IgG) and compared to those of 9 patients who died of non atherosclerotic diseases. Immunoglobulins and complement bound to all atherosclerotic lesions, all elastic fiber alterations, all lipid infiltration in patients who died of atherosclerosis, as well as in patients who died of various other causes. Binding was generally more intensive in patients who died of atherosclerosis and in arteries irrigating infarcted areas. These data are discussed.
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PMID:[Possible intervention of immune mechanisms in the genesis and course of human atherosclerosis]. 389 42

The severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis correlates with increased plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides and with decreased plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The role of plasma lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of cerebral atherosclerosis, however, is less clear. Several investigators report that lipoprotein abnormalities correlate inversely with the incidence of cerebral infarction. We analyzed risk factors for carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis in 121 consecutive patients who underwent cerebral angiography. This analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the plasma TC/HDL-C ratio and the extent of carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis (p = 0.01). The extent of atherosclerosis correlated inversely with plasma concentrations of HDL-C (p = 0.02). Triglyceride concentration correlated positively with the extent of atherosclerosis with marginal significance (p = 0.07). LDL-C and TC concentrations did not correlate with bifurcation atherosclerosis (p greater than 0.1). Only 4% of the variation in the extent of bifurcation atherosclerosis was explicable on the basis of plasma lipoprotein concentrations.
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PMID:The role of plasma lipids in carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis. 399 17

This paper presents 3 cases of generalized livedo racemosa and cerebral infarction in female patients ages 27, 39, and 42 years. Livedo racemosa is characterized by a broken, irregular pattern on the skin. It is probably caused by patchy impairment of cutaneous arteriolar circulation, resulting in reflectory venous dilation and stasis of blood. Livedo may accompany diseases such as atherosclerosis, diseases with intravascular occlusion, and collagen disorders, indicating a need for a careful search for an underlying condition. These 3 patients demonstrated several risk factors for atherosclerosis: hypertension (1 patient), oral contraceptive use (2 patients), and smoking (2 patients). The clinical findings in these 3 cases provide support to the theory that a chronic endarteritis obliterans of the small and medium-sized arteries is the underlying cause for the skin and neurologic manifestations in livedo racemosa associated with stroke.
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PMID:Livedo racemosa generalisata and stroke. 402 92

Prolonged feeding with an atherogenic diet can induce occlusive disease of the intracranial arteries and cerebral infarction in dogs. The morphologic findings suggest that separation of the internal elastic lamina from the endothelial basement membrane is a consistent change and probably an initiating mechanism in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis of the cerebral arteries.
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PMID:Experimental cerebral atherosclerosis in the dog. I. A morphologic study. 411 50

CORONARY, AORTIC AND INTERCRANIAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS HAS BEEN COMPARED IN SWINE MAINTAINED UNDER THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS: (1) adequate food and housing but animals held in test social situations for 1 year; postmortem examination at ages of 13 to 15 months; (2) food and management designed for high productivity; postmortem examination at ages of 6 to 9 years; (3) an outdoor system of husbandry and a cooked garbage diet; postmortem examination at ages of 8 to 14 years.Extramural coronary, aortic and intracranial atherosclerosis was most advanced in swine that were fed garbage. Cerebral infarction (cerebromalacia) also was most advanced in these swine but developed in swine of the younger groups in which it was associated with atherosclerosis of small intracranial extracerebral arteries rather than with stenosis of the larger intracranial extracerebral arteries as in the oldest swine. The lesions of atherosclerosis in swine of these 3 age-groups form a continuous series and are morphologically identical with corresponding stages of atherosclerosis of man.It is concluded that swine can replace non-human primates as subjects for studies of atherosclerotic vascular disease, and that experimental designs must allow for age and behaviour patterns of the species.
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PMID:Coronary, aortic and cerebral atherosclerosis in swine of 3 age-groups: implications. 531 Jan 39

Cerebral angiographic findings in ischaemic stroke are described and discussed in detail. Though the Indian patients studied had altogether different social customs, living standards, and dietary habits from Western people, the relative incidence of various cerebral vascular lesions did not differ significantly. Irrespective of the poor nutritional status of the patients, thrombosis associated with atherosclerosis was chiefly responsible for a non-embolic cerebral infarction. Atherothrombosis in the young normotensive persons not showing any evidence of arteritis, diabetes mellitus, or hypercholesterolaemia was also identified.The grave risks involved in cerebral angiography in cases of acute stroke are re-emphasized.As to prognosis, the nutritional status, the type and territory of an ictal lesion, and the blood levels of sugar and cholesterol had no significant influence on the immediate survival-after a non-embolic cerebral infarction. However, a significantly greater number of deaths were encountered in the hypertensive patients. Female patients and patients with a large cerebral infarction had a poor prognosis.
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PMID:Cerebrovascular diseases in west central India. A report on angiographic findings from a prospective study. 567 13

That an elevated haemoglobin or haematocrit is a risk factor in stroke is suggested by the prospective epidemiological evidence from Framingham. Our own study of a series of patients with transient ischaemic attacks revealed that even when due allowance was made for interaction between haematocrit, hypertension and smoking, there was still evidence that both male and female patients had a higher haematocrit than age and sex matched controls. Toghi's autopsy study further shows that cerebral infarction is more frequently found in the elderly population in subjects with a high haematocrit, the effect being most obvious in the presence of severe cerebral atherosclerosis. Cerebral blood flow is inversely related to haematocrit, reflecting the physiological maintenance of oxygen supply according to the metabolic demands of cerebral tissue. When oxygen carriage is enhanced at high haematocrit, flow falls. This could however, predispose in the face of atheroma to thrombosis, a suggestion given some support by the finding that amongst TIA patients the greatest proportion with a haematocrit over 50 were found among those with thrombotic carotid occlusion. The effect of haematocrit on flow might become limiting when considering collateral flow, and flow in a maximally dilated vascular bed in the territory of recent infarction. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that the size of the cerebral infarct accompanying carotid occlusion is greater in patients with an elevated haematocrit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The hematocrit and cerebrovascular accidents]. 622 21

This is a critical review of controlled therapeutic trials concerned with the use of anti-platelet agents in the prevention of cerebral ischaemic accidents due to atherosclerosis (CIADA). Amongst the 4 substances studied in 9 trials, dipyridamole, clofibrate, sulfinpyrazone and aspirin, only aspirin at the dose of 1 g brought about a statistically significant reduction in the risk of cerebral infarction and death in patients who had suffered an initial transient or rapidly regressive cerebral ischaemic accident. Nevertheless, this preventive action was seen in only one of the 5 studies devoted to aspirin and was found only in men, in particular where there was no history of diabetes or myocardial infarction. Although encouraging, this result requires confirmation by other studies before any definite conclusion is drawn as to the efficacy of aspirin in the secondary prevention of CIADA.
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PMID:[Role of antiplatelet agents in the prevention of cerebral ischemic accidents]. 634 94

Clinicopathologic correlations of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) were studied with special reference to their pathogenetic role in cerebral and myocardial infarction. In 2340 cases of consecutive autopsies of the aged, NBTE was observed in 217 cases or 9.3%. The age distribution of NBTE revealed a gradual increase with advancing age. The underlying diseases of NBTE were malignant neoplasm (51.6%), infection (28.3%) and other diseases (20.1%). The incidence of NBTE in each cancer was high in cancers of the colon (16.2%), pancreas (15.2%), gall bladder or bile duct (14.1%) and lung (13.0%). The vegetations of NBTE were found on the aortic valve in 46.1%, on the mitral valve in 40.6% and on the both valves in 8.3%. The incidence of myocardial infarction and scar was 51.2% in the NBTE group, while it was 38.6% in the non-NBTE control group (p less than 0.02). This difference was marked in patients with a small infarction (10.6% vs. 5.3%) and a myocardial scar (30.4% vs. 19.0%). The grade of coronary stenosis was less in the NBTE group than in the control group (p less than 0.001), suggesting that the origin of the myocardial ischemic lesion was embolism from NBTE. The incidence of large cerebral infarction was 14.7% in NBTE and 9.2% in the control group, and that of medium sized cerebral infarction was 35.0% and 23.6% respectively. In this latter group, cortical infarction comprised 57.9% in the NBTE group and 26.6% in the control group. In large cerebral infarction, cerebral atherosclerosis was less severe in NBTE than in the control group (p less than 0.001), also suggesting an embolic mechanism. Disseminated intravascular coagulation was found in 41.9% of NBTE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis as a cause of cerebral and myocardial infarction. 648 38

A prospective study was made of the morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease in 390 patients with focal TIA caused by atherosclerotic vascular disease. The 5-year cumulative rate of myocardial infarction or sudden death in these patients was 21.0%, a rate only slightly less than that of fatal or nonfatal cerebral infarction (22.7%). Risk factors including diabetes, angina, and ECG abnormalities were associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease. A major factor associated with these cardiac events was the presence of atherosclerotic obstructive or ulcerative lesions in the carotid arteries. These observations indicate that focal TIA caused by carotid atherosclerosis is a predictor not only of cerebral infarction, but also of serious cardiac disease and death.
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PMID:Risk of ischemic heart disease in patients with TIA. 653 54


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