Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There has been a recent increase in the number of studies dealing with migraine-stroke. I describe five patients in whom migraine-stroke was the clinical diagnosis but in whom the subsequent clinical events or autopsy showed a different mechanism for the cerebral infarction. Three patients had arterial dissection (one proven at autopsy), one had marantic endocarditis that had been missed on two echocardiograms (proven at autopsy), and one had generalized atherosclerosis and diabetes. These patients demonstrate that important and different etiologies may produce what seems to be the migraine-stroke syndrome. The result may be failure to recognize specific therapeutic measures that could have vitally important benefit to the patient.
 ...
PMID:Stroke from other etiologies masquerading as migraine-stroke. 186 54

The effect of serum cholesterol on aortic, cerebral, coronary and femoral atherosclerosis as well as on the incidence of cerebral and myocardial infarctions were analyzed in 3,236 consecutive autopsies in the elderly. Serum cholesterol levels declined over the age of 80 in both genders. The cholesterol levels of females were significantly higher than that of males in each age group from the sixties through the nineties. The increase in serum cholesterol was correlated with the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in both genders, but not with cerebral or femoral atherosclerosis. Slight progression of aortic atherosclerosis was observed when serum cholesterol was over 160 mg/dl. Cholesterol induced progression of coronary atherosclerosis was found in cases with hypertension, but not in the normotensive group. In accordance with the progression of coronary atherosclerosis, the incidence of myocardial infarction increased with an elevation of serum cholesterol levels, and this relationship between myocardial infarction and cholesterol levels was found only in patients with hypertension. No correlation was found between the incidence of cerebral infarction and serum cholesterol levels. It was concluded that hypercholesterolemia in the elderly is a risk factor of myocardial infarction in cases with hypertension, but is not a risk factor of cerebral infarction.
 ...
PMID:[Cholesterol, atherosclerosis and cerebro-cardiovascular complications in 3,236 elderly autopsy cases]. 187 Feb 84

A 44-year-old woman with a history of cerebral infarction and hypertension developed sudden onset of speech and visual disturbance. On admission, her general physical examinations showed high blood pressure of 210/120 mmHg and Raynaud's phenomena. The neurological examinations revealed right upper quadratic hemianopsia, left oculomotor nerve paresis and left hyperreflexia. Laboratory findings showed that antinuclear and anti-DNA antibodies were positive. The activity of Fletcher factor was reduced to 50%, and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was prolonged to 82.6 seconds. And a 1:1 dilution with normal plasma failed to correct the prolonged APTT, indicative of circulating anticoagulant to Fletcher factor. Plasma fibrinogen increased to 500 mg/dl but FDP was normal. The CT scan demonstrated the recurrently developed cerebral infarction in the left occipital lobe. Cerebral angiogram revealed mild atherosclerosis of basilar and bilateral posterior cerebral arteries, but any occlusive lesions were not found. Although she had a history of hypertension, this case suggests the possibility that the disturbance in fibrinolytic system may have been caused by the circulating anticoagulant to Fletcher factor, and contributed to her cerebral infarctions.
 ...
PMID:[A case of cerebral infarction with circulating anticoagulant to Fletcher factor]. 191 33

Radiation angiopathy was developed by the process of accelerated atherosclerosis at the site of irradiation. The case of a 44-year-old man with right hemiparesis showing a high signal intensity in the left semioval center on MRI and a defect in the left temporo-parietal area with subsequent filling-in with I-123 IMP brain SPECT is reported. Digital subtraction angiography showed typical radiation angiopathy with ulceration in the left common carotid artery. Twenty-four years previously, he underwent curative irradiation of a neck mass that revealed Hodgkin's disease by biopsy. The emboli formed at the site of radiation-induced angiopathy and caused cerebral infarction. The perfusion abnormality in the territory of the embolic artery was detected by I-123 IMP SPECT. Long-term survivors of neck irradiation are at high risk for the development of carotid arterial disease and should be watched carefully.
 ...
PMID:Embolic stroke following carotid radiation angiopathy demonstrated with I-123 IMP brain SPECT. 193 11

Infective aneurysm showing dilatation of all three coronary sinuses of Valsalva due to infective endocarditis is extremely rare. We present the first report of such a case complicated by left single coronary artery. The patient was a 55-year-old man with a past history of untreated diabetes mellitus, cerebral infarction, aortic regurgitation and high-grade fever. He was admitted with a complaint of easy fatigability. In a treadmill exercise test, asymptomatic ischemic depression of the ST segment was observed. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed marked dilatation of all three sinuses of Valsalva, and a mural thrombus within the dilated right sinus of Valsalva. On magnetic resonance imaging, an abnormal signal in the markedly dilated right sinus of Valsalva was revealed. Coronary arteriography showed left single coronary artery (L1 type by Sharbaugh's classification). The histopathological features of the affected aorta were thought to represent the healing stage of infective endocarditis. With regard to the myocardial ischemia in this patient, it was thought to have arisen mainly through aortic regurgitation and coronary atherosclerosis due to single coronary artery, and partly influenced by untreated diabetes mellitus.
 ...
PMID:A rare case of infective aneurysm involving all three sinuses of Valsalva complicated by left single coronary artery. 202 86

The effects of nicergoline (Sermion) on platelet aggregation, plasma viscosity and erythrocyte deformability were evaluated in 11 geriatric patients with cerebral infarction, 2 men and 9 women (ages 61-78, mean age 71.6). Nicergoline was given orally at a dose of 5 mg 3 times daily after meals for 8 weeks. Hematological variables were determined twice prior to the administration and at 4 and 8 weeks after the administration. The platelet aggregation in vitro was determined by the turbidimetric method and the level of circulating platelet aggregates was determined according to the method of Wu-Hoak. Erythrocyte deformability was determined according to the method based on the examination of passing erythrocytes through a filter containing pores smaller than the undeformed cells. Collagen-, arachidonic acid- and PAF-induced platelet aggregation was decreased after nicergoline administration. Erythrocyte deformability was increased and plasma viscosity was also decreased after the administration. Thus the improvement of platelet aggregation, plasma viscosity and erythrocyte deformability in cerebral infarction may prevent disturbing blood flow and may contribute to prevention of formation and progression of thrombosis and atherosclerosis in geriatric patients with cerebral infarction.
 ...
PMID:Effect of nicergoline on platelet aggregation, plasma viscosity and erythrocyte deformability in geriatric patients with cerebral infarction. Preliminary report. 212 5

During a 1-year period, we prospectively studied the mechanism and severity of stroke in 47 patients sustaining a cerebral infarction while taking aspirin. The mechanism of stroke was undetermined in 12 patients (26%). In the remaining 35 patients, we identified 39 potential mechanisms: large-artery atherosclerosis (19 patients, 40%), cardioembolism (15 patients, 32%), and small-vessel occlusive disease (5 patients, 11%). Of 11 patients with carotid atherosclerosis and stroke, 9 (82%) had greater than 90% carotid stenosis or occlusion; of 12 patients with stroke of undetermined mechanism, 10 (83%) had previous stroke, of which 8 were also of undetermined mechanisms. Disability after stroke was moderate or severe in 27 patients (57%). These data suggest that (1) stroke in patients taking aspirin has a variety of etiologies and frequently causes moderate or severe disability; (2) patients with carotid disease failing aspirin often have high-grade carotid stenosis or occlusion; (3) stroke of undetermined mechanism may recur more frequently than other stroke subtypes in patients taking aspirin.
 ...
PMID:Mechanism of stroke in patients taking aspirin. 214 24

Lipids have important biochemical functions, but their excess in plasma is a risk factor for atherosclerotic disease. After puberty, the plasma total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations increase with age as a consequence of an increase in production and a decrease in catabolism mediated by LDL receptors. On the other hand, the plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations remain constant. The correlation between serum cholesterol and coronary risk becomes weak with age but also exists in the elderly, while low levels of HDL cholesterol remain to be a risk. The rise in serum triglycerides with age results mainly from the increase in body weight and the decrease in physical activity. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as linoleic acid protect against progression of atherosclerosis in part by their hypocholesterolemic effect. The proportion of linoleic acid in serum phospholipids decreases with age. This change also is a separate risk factor for cardiac and cerebral infarction. Among many prostanoids, prostaglandin I2 has antiaggregatory and vasodilatory effects and thromboxane A2 has the opposite effects. Lipid peroxides which are produced inevitably from PUFAs may damage biomembranes and might accelerate cellular aging. The questions of whether dietary manipulation can reduce the age-related changes in lipid metabolism and can improve cellular functions are of major importance.
 ...
PMID:[Lipid metabolism and aging]. 219 2

Treatment of hypertension may prevent many of the complications attributable to blood pressure elevation, particularly those that are "pressure-related," such as stroke. However, the atherosclerotic complications of hypertension, e.g., coronary artery disease manifested as coronary morbidity and mortality, have not been reduced significantly with antihypertensive therapy. This disappointing outcome may reflect the adverse metabolic effects of the traditional therapies, diuretics and beta blockers, and their lack of specific vasoprotective properties. Increasing attention is thus being paid to the newer antihypertensive agents, which typically have fewer adverse effects and perhaps more physiologic mechanisms of antihypertensive action. Since calcium plays a key role in the genesis of atherosclerosis, calcium antagonists may positively affect the course of vascular disease. Investigators have observed that calcium antagonists display clear antiatherosclerotic properties in experimental as well as clinical studies. In one recently published clinical study, coronary artery disease was shown to develop more slowly, with a slower progression of individual stenoses, higher regression rate and less frequent occurrence of new lesions in patients treated chronically with verapamil compared to those receiving conventional therapies. Other similar investigations are currently under way to evaluate the antiatherogenic properties of calcium antagonists, including the Frankfurt Isoptin Progression Study (FIPS), the Multicenter Isradipine Diuretic Atherosclerosis Study (MIDAS), the International Nifedipine Trial on Atherosclerosis Coronary Therapy (INTACT), and the large-scale Montreal Heart Institute Study. Results of these studies, which use precise end points such as myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and peripheral vascular disease, may revolutionize the treatment of hypertension by identifying therapeutic approaches that control both the pressure-related and atherosclerotic complications of the disease.
 ...
PMID:Anti-atherosclerotic and vasculoprotective actions of calcium antagonists. 225 66

Coronary artery disease and ischemic cerebrovascular disease are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Coronary artery disease often coexists with asymptomatic carotid artery atherosclerosis, transient ischemic attacks, or ischemic stroke. Numerous studies have shown that mortality from all forms of ischemic cerebrovascular disease is primarily due to coronary artery disease. Thus, there is increasing interest in identifying coronary artery disease in patients with cerebrovascular disease, including those without clinical manifestations of heart disease. We review the use of current noninvasive techniques to detect coronary artery disease and present practical approaches to screen for ischemic heart disease. Current diagnostic imaging methods for potential cardioembolic sources of cerebral infarction are also discussed.
 ...
PMID:Cardiac evaluation of the patient with stroke. 230 Sep 82


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>