Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nine patients with atherosclerotic carotid artery disease associated with neck radiation were compared to 40 control patients. The data suggest that significant differences in age, incidence of coronary and peripheral vascular disease, elevated lipids and serum cholesterol, and the angiographic incidence of disseminated atherosclerosis justify the description of radiation-induced carotid disease as a clinical entity. Elevated serum cholesterol and hyperlipidemia may contribute to the development of radiation-induced vascular disease. Successful surgical reconstruction does not appear to be influenced by the prior radiotherapy, although periarterial fibrosis and increased difficulty in separating the plaques from the vascular media was encountered.
Cancer 1978 Jan
PMID:Radiation-induced carotid artery disease. 62 23

This third autopsy study of 23 centenarians (7 men and 16 women) included the pathologic examination of bone, the detection of malignant neoplasms, and the determination of the main and contributory causes of death. (Previous studies concerned the lungs and the cardiovascular, urogenital and digestive systems). The vertebral bone specimens showed definite osteoporosis in 14 of the 23 subjects. In some cases it was associated with kyphosis or scoliosis of the spine or a history of femoral fracture. Eight malignant neoplasms were observed in six patients. Prostatic cancers were found in three of the seven men. All the cancers were well differentiated structurally. Four latent cancers were detected at autopsy. Most of these centenarians died of bronchopneumonia or myocardial fibrosis. Death from a malignant neoplasm was uncommon, and usually the cancer was only a contributory cause. The importance of atherosclerosis prevention is stressed by the fact that atherosclerosis was the basic cause of the cardiovascular lesions that constituted a main cause of death.
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PMID:Pathology of centenarians. III. Osseous system, malignant lesions, and causes of death. 71 21

Energy-calorie malnutrition (ECM) is the commonest nutritional problem in developing countries in Africa: 0.5-5% of the population under 6 years of age suffer from the severe forms and 4-40% from the moderate forms. It is possible that as many as two-thirds of the preschool children in developing countries in Africa suffer from some EPM (protein-calorie malnutrition). The recent Sahelian drought and civil wars in some countries in Africa have increased the size of the problem and the severity and prevalence of EPM in several parts of Africa. The aetiological factors of EPM in Africa include shortage of calories and protein, as well as increasing and recent tendency to abandon too early breast feeding, sensory deprivation, psychological and emotional trauma, ignorance, superstition and cultural taboos. The evidence available at the moment does not clearly indicate that effects of EPM on learning and behaviour are permanent, although the functions of the brain in the acutely malnourished child are defective. Malnutrition impairs immunological capability and surveillance, and hence augments the mortality and morbidity of infections such as measles especially by impairing cell-mediated immunity and, to a lesser extent, synthesis of immunoglobulins. Endemic goitre (prevalence varies from 2 to 90% in various age groups) in several parts of Africa is due to either iodine deficiency (Ethiopia) or to the goitrogenic effect of cassava diet (Zaire and Nigeria). Deficiencies of vitamins A, B complex and D have been reported in several parts of Africa, albeit sporadically. Dietary intoxications include: a) aflatoxins which may be important in the pathogenesis of hepatic carcinoma, one of the commonest neoplasms in developing countries in Africa; b) chronic cyanide intoxication from cassava (manihot) food derivatives, which on circumstancial evidence seems to be an important aetiological factor of a crippling neurological disease, the tropical ataxic neuropathy in Nigeria and Tanzania; c) organophosphate insecticides. The rarity of certain diseases in the Africans may be related specifically to the African diet, especially the high fibre and low animal fat content of many of the African diets. Examples of such diseases are atherosclerosis in the non-hypertensive non-diabetic population, cancer of the large bowel, varicose veins and perhaps multiple sclerosis.
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PMID:Nutritional problems in the African region. 82 71

Treatment of rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (SDMH) with the doze of 21 mg/kg per body weight once a week during four weeks caused the decrease of biogenic amine level, particularly, of dopamine in the hypothalamus, the decrease of glucose tolerance, the increase of the blood level of insulin and triglycerides. According to the previously achieved data SDMH causes the elevation of the hypothalamic threshold of sensitivity to the inhibitory action of estrogens. At the same time SDMH provides considerable suppression of lymphocyte blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin and lipopolisaccharide, the decrease of the level of antibody produced against sheep erythrocytes, and the decrease of phagocytic activity of macrophages. Thus SDMH provides the syndrome of intensified aging. Recently our laboratory achieved the data, that antidiabetic drug-phenformin-improves cell-mediated immunity indices and the activity of phagocytosis in middle-aged subjects, as well as in patients with atherosclerosis and cancer (Vopr. Oncol., 1976, N 2, p. 13). On the basis of these findings phenformin (2 mg/day per os) was administered in rats in combination with SDMH. This resulted in restoration of all the abovementioned immunologic indices. It may be suggested that SDMH causes metabolic immunodepression, similar to the immunodepression, inherent to normal aging, pregnancy, stress and specific age-associated pathology--diseases of compensation (Vopr. Oncol., 1976, N 8, p. 3). If immunodepression is one of the components of cancerogenesis, then the elimination of metabolic immunodepression, which arises in course of normal aging or under the influence of cehmical cancerogens, can provide an anticancerogenic prophylactic effect.
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PMID:[Phenformin elimination of the immunodepression caused by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats]. 90 6

Studies in the processes of protein biosynthesis regulation revealed a close dependence of the biosynthetic processes (synthesis of many precursors of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates as well as of tricarboxylic cycle acids) on the processes of carboxylation in the organism. A possibility is shown of the biosynthetic processes stimulation by activating the carboxylation processes. On this bases a highly effective method to increase productivity of farm animals and poultry and that for considerable acceleration of the regeneration processes of the damaged tissues and blood with blood less were developed. It is also established that at extremal states of the organism (long complete fasting, late stages of cancer, thyreoid toxicosis, experimental atherosclerosis, etc.) in tissues there occurs biosynthesis of proteins with differing primary structure, physiochemical properties and enzymatic activity as compared to proteins of the normal animals. The same changes in the primary structure and properties of proteins in the process of their biosynthesis are observed with the surplus feeding the animals on certain amino acids aginst a background of protein free ration. Possible mechanisms of changes in the primary structure of proteins in the process of their biosynthesis at extremal states of the organism are under discussion. In experiments in vitro on the tissue preparations, on the cell-free protein-synthetizing systems as well as in experiments with animals in vivo the presence of synergic and antagonistic interrelation was established between certain amino acids in the process of their utilization for protein biosynthesis. These interrelations are established to take place at the stage of transfer ribonucleic acids aminoacylation. Some details of this phenomenon are found out. Amino acids are shown to play not only a substrate role but also the regulatory one in the process of protein biosynthesis.
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PMID:[Factors participating in regulation of protein biosynthesis]. 110 20

A morphometric study of atherosclerotic lesions of the vessels was conducted in males dying of cancer of the stomach and lungs, and in females dying of cancer of the stomach, lungs, uterus, breast and ovaries. In total, 918 observations were studied, the age of the deceased ranging from 30 to 79 years. The severity of the atherosclerotic lesions in the vessels of those who died of malignant tumors was compared to that in normal individuals. The material was compiled and examined in accordance with the program and method developed by WHO expertpathologists (Uemura et al.). In those who died of cancer of the stomach, uterus and breast the severity of coronary atherosclerosis was much milder than in the normals; however, no important differences were revealed between these groups as to the severity of atherosclerosis of the aorta. In lung cancer in males and in ovarian cancer in females under 50 years of age a distinct enhancement of the atherosclerotic process in the aorta was observed, and less-in the coronaries. In females dying of lung cancer the severity of atherosclerosis of the aorta was the same as in the normals, and in the coronaries - even milder.
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PMID:[Characteristics of the development of arteriosclerosis of the aorta and coronary arteries in patients with cancer of different organs]. 122 58

About 15% of patients with cancer have cerebrovascular lesions, resulting from 4 kinds of disorders sometimes intermingled in advanced disseminated cancer: coagulation disorders, direct effects of the tumor, infections and therapeutic measures. Infarction, hardly less frequent than hemorrhage, mostly complicates lymphoma and carcinoma. Hypercoagulation states, such as chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation, nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, and nonmetastatic cerebral venous thrombosis account for about 50% of cases. Tumor emboli, as seen in intravascular malignant lymphomatosis, arteritis related to aspergillus, granulomatous angiitis with or without herpes zoster and radiation-induced atherosclerosis are rarer. Cerebral hemorrhages, excluding bleeding from the metastases of choriocarcinoma and melanoma are mainly associated with leukemia by acute disseminated intravascular coagulation as in promyelocytic leukemia, by leukostasis or by pancytopenia. Both infarction and hemorrhage rarely reveal the neoplasia. Lesions are often small and disseminated, and therefore produce a picture of diffuse acute or subacute encephalopathy rather than acute focal deficits. Finally, there may be no relationship between the cerebrovascular event and the neoplasia, and atherosclerosis or traumatic subdural hematoma may well be the causal factor.
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PMID:[Cerebrovascular complications of cancers]. 130 55

We established two cell lines of human smooth muscle cells (SMC) by transfection of cells from the aortic intima and aortic media with origin-minus simian virus 40 (ori-minus SV40) DNA. Ori-minus SV40 DNA very efficiently immortalized human smooth muscle cells in culture. Proteins that these cell lines produced included type I, III, IV, and V collagens, fibronectin, and human matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1 (tissue collagenase), -2 ("type IV collagenase"), and -3 (stromelysin). The protein production in these cell lines generally mimicked that of normal SMC, but the immortalization stimulated the cell line of medial SMC to produce excessive MMP-2 and to secrete MMP-9 (92-kDa gelatinase). However, since these cell lines did not show a fully malignant phenotype, we concluded that, in addition to the degradation of extracellular matrix macromolecules, including basement membrane components by MMP-2, -3, and/or -9, some additional factors must be involved for the malignancy of fully transformed cells and that these immortalized human aortic SMC, which share many characteristics with normal SMC, will prove useful to study the role(s) of metalloproteinases in atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Immortalization of human aortic smooth muscle cells with origin-minus simian virus 40 DNA. 133 71

The life expectancy of people living in the UK has been extended over the last century due to changes in the principal causes of death. Nowadays, people are more likely to die of diseases related to the ageing process rather than the infectious diseases which hitherto were more common causes of death in younger people. Ageing is associated with the degeneration of functional capacity in all parts of the body, and at all levels of organisation from molecules to complete organ systems. These functional changes are referred to as senescence. Both genetic and environmental factors govern senescence, although the precise mechanisms and the extent of their involvement are largely unknown. Senescence changes may themselves be responsible for certain diseases and disabilities associated with old age, or they may be a contributory factor and increase a person's susceptibility to particular diseases. The latter is the case with the most commonly encountered causes of morbidity and mortality today, namely atherosclerosis and cancer.
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PMID:Senescence and pathology in ageing. 133 31

Women, like men, are susceptible to coronary atherosclerosis. Like men, more women die of heart disease than all forms of cancer combined. Coronary atherosclerosis is the result of the interplay of a number of factors, the most important of which are abnormal levels of circulating lipoproteins. As more has become known about the mechanisms by which abnormal levels of circulating lipoproteins promote atherosclerosis, certain risk factors have emerged as concerns for women, including: (1) diabetes mellitus as a risk factor, perhaps through its more profound effects on circulating lipoproteins; (2) serum triglyceride levels, and (3) changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The widespread use of exogenous hormones in women as both oral contraceptives and postmenopausal hormone replacement may also play a role in developing atherosclerosis. In general, estrogen affects circulating lipoprotein levels favorably, whereas progestins have the opposite effect. The effects of estrogen/progestin combinations in either oral contraceptives or postmenopausal hormone replacement will depend on the relative dose and potency of each of these constituents. Epidemiologic studies indicate that the use of oral contraceptives has no profound effect on the long-term risk of heart disease, whereas unopposed estrogen (without progestin) in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy may lower that risk considerably. Recent U.S. and European guidelines for the detection, evaluation, and treatment of hypercholesterolemia in adults make it imperative that obstetrician-gynecologists, in their dual role as primary-care physicians and prescribers of exogenous hormones, be aware of and informed about the relationship between circulating lipids and lipoproteins and coronary heart disease in women.
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PMID:Women, lipoproteins, and cardiovascular disease risk. 135 61


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