Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Following migration to Hawaii, the Japanese have acquired the same risk of developing large bowel cancer as that experienced by Caucasians. This tumor is uncommon in Japan. Other conditions are also more common in Hawaii Japanese, e.g., myocardial infarction, severe atherosclerosis, diverticulosis, and polyposis of the colon. Comparative studies in Hawaii and Japan suggest that the basis of these differences is probably related to the consumption of characteristically western foods by Hawaii Japanese.
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1979 Nov
PMID:Colon cancer: its precursors and companions in Hawaii Japanese. 11 16

A relatively short, simple procedure is presented to separate serum high-density lipoproteins discretely into the two main classes, those with densities between 1.063 and 1.125 g/ml (HDL2) and those with densities between 1.125 and 1.210 g/ml (HDL3). A 3.5% polyacrylamide gel in 10 cm glass tubes and the use of Tris/glycine buffer, pH 8.4, will accomplish this separation. The components can be identified in several different ways, examples of which are given. This procedure will give rapid and reliable estimations of both HDL2 and HDL3, and can be used to relate their levels and proportional amounts to incidence or risk of atherosclerosis, coronary-artery disease and possibly cancer.
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PMID:Discrete separation of HDL2 from HDL3 of human serum by means of polyacrylamide gel. 20 17

The chemical composition of the gaseous, vapour and particulate phases of the atmosphere has been reported in terms of background, urban and highly polluted levels. Too little is known about the chemical composition of polluted atmospheres and other environments, and the situation will worsen as a result of the steadily increasing production of a wide variety of chemicals. This and other evidence presented in this paper indicates that the human race has not yet felt the full impact of the burgeoning chemical environment in terms of genotoxic effects. Some highly suggestive data from the literature have been presented to indicate that carcinogenesis and mutagenesis in human beings involve not only the attack of a primary genotoxicant, but that genetic factors, cofactors, antifactors and sometimes precursors can play important roles in the process of genotoxicity. Evidence has been presented to indicate that genotoxic effects are much more prevalent among human beings than is commonly believed. Since inherited effects arise from mutation of a germ cell, cancer probably from mutation of a somatic cell, atherosclerosis possibly from some mutagenic effect and the debilitating effects of some aspects of ageing possibly from a somatic mutation of the metabolic type, then mutagenesis in these four postulated types could be the overwhelmingly major cause of death in modern society.
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PMID:Chemical composition and potential 'genotoxic' aspects of polluted atmospheres. 32 57

There is a need for reeducation of the population, especially in developed countries, as to the value of cereals in the diet. Cereals provide calories and important nutrients to the diet. Refined cereal products and unrefined cereals have certain advantages and disadvantages. With refinement, some nutrients and fiber are removed, but the body is better able to make use of certain nutrients. Essential nutrients are being replaced through fortification to compensate for losses in processing. The high fiber content of unrefined cereal products is believed to aid in the prevention of certain diseases. Special dietary bakery products have been introduced for the treatment of conditions generally exacerbated by standard food items. The increased consumption of cereal products appears warranted as a means of decreasing the saturated fat and cholesterol consumption. Cereals and cereal products have been mentioned in connection with allergies, celiac disease, schizophrenia, obesity, dental caries, cancer, atherosclerosis, goiter, and diverticulosis. This review discusses the possible role of cereals in the prevention or cause of these health problems.
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PMID:The nutritional and physiological impact of cereal products in human nutrition. 33 51

It has been postulated that dietary fiber's protective effect against the development of colon cancer, diverticular disease, and atherosclerosis may be due to the adsorption and/or dilution of intestinal sterols such as bile acids and neural sterols and their bacterial metabolites by component(s) of fiber. Dietary fiber is made up of four major components-cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin. There is evidence that hemicellulose and pectin may induce an increase in fecal bile acid excretion in man which may be accompanied by a decrease in serum cholesterol. Natural fibers, such as rolled oats, alfalfa, guar gum, and Bengal gram have been shown to have hypocholesterolemic properties of alfalfa, wheat straw, and some other fibers found considerable amounts of bile acids in vitro. On the other hand, wheat bran, oat hulls, and all the synthetic fibers tested bound only negligible amounts of bile acids under the same conditions. Vegetarians in the United States have lower plasma lipids and different plasma lipoprotein patterns than those of comparable control populations on regular mixed diet. They also have smaller daily fractional turnover rates of cholic acid and deoxycholic acid pool size. In addition, populations on a mixed Western diet, where the rate of large bowel cancer is high (North American, English, Scottish, etc.) degraded and excreted cholesterol and bile acid metabolites to a greater degree than populations where the rate of colon cancer is comparatively low (Ugandan, Japanese, etc). It cannot be denied that the fiber theory linking fiber deficiency with the development of colon cancer and other diseases, is simple, attractive and appears to be firmly based in common sense. When subjected to research studies, however, the situation appears much more complex than expected. Although some progress is being made, the data are often contradictory and confusing, probably due to lack of adequate documentation of fiber intake (e.g., use of dietary fiber instead of crude fiber) and/or the absence of detailed information on the chemistry of the fiber itself.
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PMID:Fiber, intestinal sterols, and colon cancer. 34 68

There exist definite relations between certain amino acids in the process of protein biosynthesis. Interactivation in their incorporation into synthesizing proteins is observed between ones and interinhibition between others. The mentioned phenomena are observed in studies both at the model experiments on the enzymic systems in vitro and on the intact animals in vivo. This testifies to the fact that the established interrelations between certain amino acids are not artefacts but reflect the regulatory role of amino acids in protein biosynthesis. Amino acids, inhibiting incorporation into protein, inhibit its biosynthesis and, vice versa, activating incorporation of other amino acids they activate protein biosynthesis as well. Excess of any amino acid in the animal ration, especially against a background of the protein-free diet, causes in aminals the biosynthesis of proteins with another primary structure differing from that of proteins synthesizing with normal nutrition. So, the regulatory role of amino acids concerns not only the quantitative but also the qualitative side of the protein biosynthesis. Proteins with another primary structure differing from the normal one are synthesized as well in such extremal states of the animal organism as a long complete fasting, protein-free nutrition, cancer diseases at the last stage, thyrotoxicosis, developed atherosclerosis, and others. Here side by side with changes in the primary structure the physicochemical and immunobiological properties as well as the enzymic activity of proteins-enzymes change. Possible mechanisms are discussed of changes in the primary structure of the proteins synthesizing in the organism in the above-mentioned extremal states, including the effect of certain amino acids excess against a background of deficient protein nutrition.
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PMID:[On the regulatory role of amino acids in biosynthesis and formation of protein structure]. 35 2

An integrative theory is proposed in which environmental carcinogenesis is viewed as a process by which the genetic control of cell division and differentiation is altered by carcinogens. In this theory, carcinogens include physical, chemical, and viral "mutagens," as well as chemical and viral gene modulators. Existing explanations of carcinogenesis can be considered either as somatic mutation theories or as epigenetic theories. Evidence seems to support the hypothesis that both mutations and epigenetic processes are components of carcinogenesis. The mutational basis of cancer is supported by the clonal nature of tumors, the mutagenicity of most carcinogens, high mutation frequencies in cells of cancer-prone human fibroblasts lacking DNA repair enzymes, the correlation of in vitro DNA damage and in vitro mutation and transformation frequencies with in vivo tumorigenesis, age-related incidences of various hereditary tumors, and the correlation between photoreactivation of DNA damage and the biological amelioration of UV-induced neoplasms. Since both mutagens and gene modulators can be carcinogenic it may be that carcinogens affect genes which control cell division. An integration of the mutation and epigenetic theories of cancer with the "two-stage" theory and Comings's general theory of carcinogenesis is proposed. This integrative theory postulates that carcinogens can affect regulatory genes which control a series of "transforming genes." A general hypothesis is advanced that involves a common mechanism of somatic mutagenesis via error-prone repair of DNA damage which links carcinogenesis, teratogenesis, atherosclerosis and aging. Various concepts are presented to provide a framework for evaluating the scientific, medical, and social implications of cancer.
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PMID:Environmental carcinogenesis: an integrative model. 36 70

Data on the biochemical function of selenium in animal and human organism are generalized from the view point of its participation in the active centre of glutathione peroxidase and its general anabolic effect. Now it is assumed that many chronical human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular insufficiency, atherosclerosis, pancreas insufficiency and other may be connected with selenium deficiency in human nutrition. A problem is considered on ecological and endogenous factors controlling the availability of selenium in animals. Among them the dominant role of neurohumoral regulation is emphasized and several problem, particularly in the direction of well grounded application of its low-toxic preparations to medicine, is stressed.
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PMID:[The biochemical role of selenium in animal orgamisms]. 36 5

Five patients, previously treated with pelvic irradiation for cancer of the cervix uteri, ovaries or bladder are presented. They developed occlusions of the distal aorta and/or the iliac arteries 2 to 6 years after irradiation. The presenting symptoms caused by the vascular obstructions were claudication or rest pain. All patients were operated upon with revascularization procedures and thereby relieved from their symptoms. One vascular graft occluded but reoperation was successful. The mechanism by which radiation causes atherosclerosis is discussed. All patients were heavy cigarette smokers. The patients with signs of atherosclerosis outside the irradiated area were the ones with the shortest time interval between radiation and symptoms of ischaemia. It is proposed that irradiation acts synergistically to other atherogenetic factors and this should be kept in mind when radiation therapy is planned in patients with high risk of developing atherosclerosis.
Cancer 1978 Jun
PMID:Localized arterial occlusions in patients treated with pelvic field radiation for cancer. 41 68

The primary aim of the Japan--Hawaii Cancer Study was to identify factors that could explain the changes in cancer risk experienced by Japanese who migrated to Hawaii. Many investigations were conducted in this long-term prospective study since its inception in 1971. Among the findings that relate to gastrointestinal carcinoma were the following: 1) Bowel transit time does not appear to be related to the occurrence of large bowel cancer or to any of the benign conditions with which it is associated; 2) adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps, as well as diverticula, are much more prevalent among autopsy specimens from Japanese who had lived in Hawaii than of those in Japan; 3) adenomatous polyps and diverticula are positively associated with atherosclerosis in the necropsy population in Hawaii; 4) although the incidence of the diffuse histopathologic type of gastric cancer does not differ appreciably among the Japanese in Hawaii and Japan, the migrants have a significantly lower incidence of the intestinal type of stomach cancer; and 5) case-control studies indicated that the two conditions frequently associated with gastric carcinoma, i.e., gastric ulcer and intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, are associated with high salt intakes and adherence to the traditional Japanese diet.
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1977 Dec
PMID:Gastrointestinal carcinoma in the Japanese of Hawaii: a status report. 61 38


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