UMLS:C0004153 - FACTA Search

Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Target Concepts:

Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Due to the improving life expectancy of women spend third of their active life after the menopause. Estrogen deficiency can be caused by both natural and artificial menopause. The lack of estrogen can directly worsen the quality of life and epidemiological evidence suggests association with development of certain diseased states. Hormone replacement with natural estrogens has been proven to be successful for various indications: it reduces the menopausal vasomotor and psychological symptoms thus improving quality of life. It can also be used to prevent harmful effects of estrogen deficiency in various organs. Literature review supports the role of estrogen in atherosclerosis and osteoporosis prevention. Further evidence required establishing the role of estrogens in secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. Also needs to be explained why the beneficial effects of estrogen therapy in osteoporosis seem to disappear soon after cessation of therapy. Currently the relative risk increase of breast cancer during long-term hormone replacement therapy cannot be exactly measured. Nevertheless, substantial reduction of mortality in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer can also be seen with women on hormone replacement as compared to controls. Some data support the negative correlation of residual but still detectable, endogen estrogen and atherosclerosis and similarly to osteoporosis. The same residual estrogen levels seem to correlate positively with breast cancer. The recognition (and further acceptance) of the role of the residual estrogens might have influence on the indication, choice and dosage of preparation and duration of hormone replacement therapy. Overall evidence is in favor of the need medical attention for menopause: which ranges from preventive screening to long term hormone replacement therapy. The decision to treat requires the risks and benefits taken into consideration. This highly specialized care is provided in menopause clinics in Hungary. New oestrogen like agents are being developed like the selective estrogen receptor modulators, the tibolone and the phyto-estrogens. They provide tissue-specific effect acting as estrogen agonistics, sustaining the beneficial preventive and therapeutic effects of the estrogens, but in the breast and endometrial tissue they behave like estrogen antagonists avoiding the side effects of the current used oestrogens. They might play a significant role in the treatment of menopause in the future.
...
PMID:[Menopause and hormone replacement therapy]. 1074 Nov 67

This report describes three patients treated for acute arterial thrombosis due to malignancy-related hypercoagulability (Trousseau's syndrome). The average age was 59yr. There were two women and one man. The cancers were breast, lung, and pancreas. Atherosclerosis or nonneoplastic hypercoagulable states did not appear to be a factor in any patient. One patient who presented with irreversible arm ischemia and Stage IV breast cancer underwent primary amputation. The other two patients underwent immediate surgical thrombectomy and thrombolytic therapy, and malignancy was discovered during postoperative workup for hypercoagulable states. Both ultimately required amputation. All three patients died due to cancer less than one year after presentation. When a hypercoagulable state is suspected as the cause of acute arterial thrombosis, an evaluation for occult malignancy is indicated. Although aggressive revascularization attempts may be appropriate, the prognosis for limb salvage and long-term survival is poor.
...
PMID:Trousseau's syndrome and acute arterial thrombosis. 1079 31

The C677T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is associated with reduced enzyme activity, hyperhomocysteinaemia and increased risk for atherosclerosis in homozygotes. We examined the frequency of this mutation and its association with disease pattern in 491 Jewish women with either sporadic (n = 355; 72%) or hereditary (n = 136; 28%) breast and/or ovarian cancer and in 69 asymptomatic BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, genotyped for the three predominant Jewish founder BRCA1/2 mutations (185delAG, 5382insC and 6174delT). 677T homozygotes were equally distributed among women with sporadic breast and/or ovarian cancer (71/355; 20.0%) and among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (43/205; 21.0%) (P=non-significant). 677T homozygotes were equally distributed among women diagnosed with breast cancer prior to (22/122; 18.0%) and after 42 years of age (42/243; 17.3%). Among BRCA1/2 carriers, the rate of 677T homozygotes in manifesting cancer (32/136; 23.5%) and asymptomatic individuals (11/69; 15.9%) was not significantly different. The rate of 677T homozygotes (24/72; 33.3%) was higher (P=0.0026) among women with bilateral breast cancer and those with both breast and ovarian carcinoma than among those with unilateral breast cancer (64/365; 17.5%). Differences in morbidity (one versus multiple breast/ovarian tumours) are mainly attributed to 677T homozygosity and partly to BRCA1/2 mutations. Confirmation of these data, namely, that the 677T allele is significantly more common in cases of bilateral breast cancer or combined breast and ovarian cancer would have important clinical implications.
...
PMID:Association of the C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene with breast and/or ovarian cancer risk in Jewish women. 1109 4

In every year since 1984, cardiovascular disease has claimed the lives of more females than males. More than 450,000 women succumb to heart disease annually, and 250,000 die of coronary artery disease. Despite the proportions, most women believe they will die of breast cancer. The perception that heart disease is a man's disease and that women are more likely to die of breast cancer is alarming. Although women develop heart disease about 10 years later than men, they are likely to fare worse after a heart attack. The poorer outcomes are due, in part, to the failure to identify heart attack symptoms. Approximately 35% of heart attacks in women are believed to go unnoticed or unreported. However, because of increased age, women are more likely to have co-morbid diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. In women, not only is "tightness" or discomfort in the chest a warning sign, but in addition, nausea and dizziness are common indicators of myocardial ischemia. Other symptoms include breathlessness, perspiration, a sensation of fluttering in the heart, and fullness in the chest. In comparison to men, women are less likely to undergo tertiary care interventions such as cardiac catheterization, angioplasty, thrombolytic therapy, and bypass surgery; to participate in cardiac rehabilitation; and to return to work full-time after myocardial infarction. In the past, most research about treatments for heart disease focused on men, and gender differences have been ignored. Recent studies are enrolling enough women to test if there are differences between men and women in outcomes. One of the major areas of research relates to estrogen and hormonal replacement therapy to reduce the relative risk of heart attack and stroke. The Women's Health Initiative is a major NIH-sponsored trial that addresses the issue of primary prevention of cardiac disease by hormonal replacement therapy. The results will be available in 2004. The Heart Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS), disappointingly, did not show a significant reduction of coronary events in women taking hormonal replacement therapy, nor did the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis (ERA) trial of 309 postmenopausal women who underwent coronary angiography. New insight into the role of vitamins, phytoestrogens and other natural sources, and selective estrogen receptor modulators may provide other options for management. Until then, modification of risk factors and healthy life style choices are recommended for reducing the risk of cardiac disease. In fact, the key to a healthy heart in the year 2000 appears closely tied to life style choices. Prevention of disease is the key, and current recommendations are simply to stop smoking, or do not start; treat and control blood pressure >140/90 mm Hg; manage elevated lipids by diet, exercise, and cholesterol-lowering medications (if necessary); treat diabetes; lose weight so that BMI is <25; walk for 20-30 minutes at least three times a week; and take an aspirin tablet daily.
...
PMID:Heart disease in women. 1114 May 44

Community-wide programs to collect blood for a research serum bank were carried out in Washington County, Maryland in 1974 and 1989. Of the 8395 persons who participated in both programs, 64 were controls in a nested case-control study of the association of antioxidant micronutrients with subsequent breast cancer, and 30 and 166 were controls in similar studies of lung and prostate cancer. Assay results for five carotenoids, two retinoids, and two tocopherols in samples of blood collected 15 years apart were thus available for comparisons of micronutrient concentrations. The mean Spearman rank order correlation coefficient for all comparisons was 0.44, with two coefficients greater than 0.60 and two less than 0.30. Blood pressure readings at the two blood collections had a mean rank order correlation coefficient of 0.46. Because blood pressure readings in 1974 were shown to be significantly predictive of atherosclerosis 15-18 years later, the present results suggest that ranked concentrations of antioxidant micronutrients from a single sample are sufficiently representative to be used as predictors of subsequent concentrations and are thus suitable for assessment as risk factors for subsequent illnesses.
...
PMID:The repeatability of serum carotenoid, retinoid, and tocopherol concentrations in specimens of blood collected 15 years apart. 1120 91

Olive oil, the main fatty component of the Mediterranean diet, is characterized by consisting of monounsaturated fatty acids as well as by its elevated content in antioxidant agents. This oil exhibits numerous biological functions which are beneficial for the state of health. A diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids provides an adequate fluidity to the biological membranes, diminishing the hazard of lipid peroxidation which affects polyunsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, the antioxidants present in olive oil are able to scavenge free radicals and afford an adequate protection against peroxidation. Regarding the heart, olive oil decreases the plasmatic levels of LDL-cholesterol and increases those of HDL-cholesterol, hence diminishing the risk of suffering from heart complaints. In this context, it has been suggested that increased consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids in place of polyunsaturated fatty acids will render circulating lipoproteins less sensitive to peroxidation and thereby diminish the development of atherosclerosis. Olive oil has also been proven to contribute to a better control of the hypertriglyceridemia accompanying diabetes and may reduce the risk of breast cancer and colorectum. On the other hand, several investigations have suggested that olive oil can be beneficial in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. In this sense, some reports have indicated that olive oil modifies inflammatory cytokines production. As for the digestive system, olive oil enhances gallbladder emptying consequently reducing cholelithiasis risk, decreases the pancreatic exocrine secretion and gastric secretory function in response to food. Finally, it has been demonstrated that a diet rich in olive oil is associated with a high percentage of gastric ulcer healing and affords a higher resistance against non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs-induced gastric ulcerogenesis.
...
PMID:Mediterranean diet and health: biological importance of olive oil. 1147 48

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) plays central roles in embryonic development, organogenesis, and physiologic connective tissue remodeling during wound healing and tissue repair as well as in carcinogenesis. Estrogens have key roles in a variety of biological events, such as the development and maintenance of female reproductive organs and bone and lipid metabolism. Previous studies demonstrated that estrogens suppress TGF-beta-induced gene expression, such as type IV collagen in kidney mesangial cells. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate this antagonistic effect are unknown. To elucidate the mechanisms of cross-talk between TGF-beta and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways, we reconstituted TGF-beta and ER signaling in human kidney carcinoma cells. Here we demonstrate that TGF-beta-induced activation of Sma and MAD-related protein 3 (Smad3) activity, one of the major intracellular transducers of TGF-beta signaling, was suppressed by ER, whereas ER-mediated transcriptional activation was enhanced by TGF-beta signaling. We provide evidence that this two-way cross-talk between the estrogen and TGF-beta signaling pathways was the result of direct physical interactions between Smad3 and ER. These findings have implications for a variety of disease states, such as the pathophysiology of kidney function, atherosclerosis, and breast cancer.
...
PMID:Cross-talk between transforming growth factor-beta and estrogen receptor signaling through Smad3. 1155 47

There is strong evidence from both human and nonhuman primate studies supporting the conclusion that estrogen deficiency increases the progression of atherosclerosis. More controversial is the conclusion that postmenopausal estrogen replacement inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis. Estrogen treatment of older women (>65 years) with pre-existing coronary artery atherosclerosis had no beneficial effects. In contrast, estrogen treatment of younger postmenopausal women or monkeys in the early stages of atherosclerosis progression has marked beneficial effects. Whether progestogens attenuate the cardiovascular benefits of estrogen replacement therapy has been controversial for more than a decade. Current evidence from studies of both monkeys and women suggest little or no attenuation of estrogen benefits for coronary artery atherosclerosis. Lack of compliance with estrogen replacement therapy, usually because of fear of breast cancer, remains a major problem. Future regimens may overcome that fear by the co-administration of a breast cancer preventive agent (i.e., selective estrogen receptor modulators, phytoestrogens) with low dose estrogen.
...
PMID:Estrogen replacement therapy, atherosclerosis, and vascular function. 1186 Oct 31

The enormous toll that coronary heart disease takes on our population merits serious consideration of all possible approaches toward early detection and prevention. It is pedestrian to the knowledgeable epidemiologist to state that coronary disease will kill more than twice as many women this year than will breast cancer. Coronary disease kills men at an even greater rate. If we had an effective preventive strategy involving early screening for one disease, why not find and apply a similar strategy for the other? Its vocal proponents have touted the coronary computed tomographic scan for calcification as the mammogram of the heart. However, unlike the breast mammogram, there are no studies showing that those tested fare any better than those who forego testing, in other words, that the test actually improves prognosis. Furthermore, the results regarding the prognostic value of computed tomographic screening are far from completely conclusive and will not be until the ongoing Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) trial (available at: http://140.142.220.3/mesa/) is completed.
...
PMID:A treatise on the "mammogram of the heart". 1198 50

This study was undertaken to demonstrate the unique specificity of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100. Calcium flux assays with selected chemokine/cell combinations, affording distinct chemokine receptor specificities, revealed no interaction of AMD3100 with any of the chemokine receptors CXCR1 through CXCR3, or CCR1 through CCR9. In contrast, AMD3100 potently inhibited CXCR4-mediated calcium signaling and chemotaxis in a concentration-dependent manner in different cell types. Also, AMD3100 inhibited stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1-induced endocytosis of CXCR4, but did not affect phorbol ester-induced receptor internalization. Importantly, AMD3100 by itself was unable to elicit intracellular calcium fluxes, to induce chemotaxis, or to trigger CXCR4 internalization, indicating that the compound does not act as a CXCR4 agonist. Specific small-molecule CXCR4 antagonists such as AMD3100 may play an important role in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infections and many other pathological processes that are dependent on SDF-1/CXCR4 interactions (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, asthma and breast cancer metastasis).
...
PMID:Chemokine receptor inhibition by AMD3100 is strictly confined to CXCR4. 1222 Jun 70

<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>