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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Actuarial statistics of 53 dialysis patients treated between 1965 and 1976 are reviewed. It is suggested that dialysis did not accelerate atherosclerosis over the observed time period. It appears as though a fundamental change in the dialysis population has occurred and there are too few long-term dialysis patients available to establish whether dialysis does accelerate atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Accelerated atherosclerosis in chronic-dialysis patients--another look. 9 23

Peripheral atherosclerosis was treated in 178 patients: 90 were given pyridinol carbamate for 2--4 months, 40 pentoxyphylline, 30 cetedil, and 18 received butalamine. in intermittent claudication pyridinol carbamate and trental proved most effective, cetedil (straten) was less effective. The favourable effect of pyridinol carbamate is associated with its action both on the state of microcirculation and on the content of lipids. A significant decrease in the level of blood triglycerides was observed during treatment with pyridinol carbamate. Pentoxyphylline reduced blood viscosity and platelet aggregation in patients with peripheral atherosclerosis but had no effect on the blood lipid content. Cetedil did not reduce blood viscosity although it decreased the aggregation of erythrocytes and inhibited the second phase of platelet aggregation. The objective criterion for the improvement of circulation in the affected extremities was increased tolerance to load, particularly in medication with pyridinol carbamate and trental.
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PMID:[Pharmacotherapy of peripheral arteriosclerosis]. 9 96

The composition and content of aortic glycosaminoglycans were studied in groups of rhesus monkeys fed control or atherogenic diets for 9 or 19 months. Aortic uronic acid content was significantly increased in both groups of monkeys with atherosclerosis. The major glycosaminoglycan in both control and atherosclerotic aortas was chondroitin sulfate with lesser amounts of heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid. Dermatan sulfate was the only glycosaminoglycan to show a statistically significant elevation (65 to 87 per cent) in animals fed the atherogenic diet. This increase was positively correlated with the increased accumulation of aortic cholesterol (r = 0.4709, p less than 0.05). The results indicate that dermatan sulfate may be the major glycosaminoglycan involved during the early events of atherogenesis perhaps through retention of lipoprotein in the atherosclerotic artery.
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PMID:Aortic total glycosaminoglycan and dermatan sulfate changes in atherosclerotic rhesus monkeys. 10 Jun 55

The influence of dietary fiber on lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis in animals and on lipid metabolism in man is reviewed. Pectin, guar gum, and lignin lower serum and liver cholesterol in cholesterol-fed rats. Agar increases liver cholesterol in rats. Bran has no effect on serum lipid levels in rats or monkeys. Vegetarians have long been known to exhibit cholesterol levels lower than those of comparable populations who subsist on a mixed diet. Pectin and guar gum lower cholesterol levels in man whereas cellulose and bran have no effect. Rabbits fed a semipurified diet containing saturated fat become atherosclerotic, but addition of the same fat to laboratory ration has no effect; it has been shown that the residue in laboratory ration is the cause of the difference. Semipurified diets containing cellulose are more atherogenic than those containing wheat straw or alfalfa. The semipurified diets also cause aortic sudanophilia or atherosclerosis in baboons and vervet monkeys. One possible mechanism of hypolipemic action of fiber involves the binding of bile acids, which would result in reduced absorption of cholesterol, resulting in lower levels of serum cholesterol.
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PMID:Fiber, lipids, and atherosclerosis. 10 Oct 75

Combined surgery on the valves and on the coronary arteries by bypass grafts has been carried out on 27 consecutive patients (1970 to 1976) and involved 18 aortic valve replacements, 8 mitral valve replacements, and one double mitro-aortic replacement; the mean duration of extra-corporeal circulation (145 mn) was significantly higher than that for valve replacements alone carried out during the same period (p less than 0.01). The five deaths occurring in hospital (18.5%) all occurred in the aortic valve group, and were amongst the first 15 cases operated on (1970 to 1974). The 4 post-mortem studies carried out showed similar findings, namely myocardial infarction and significant coronary lesions which had not been bypassed. Two secondary deaths due to infective complications occurred in the first six months. The 17 patients who were followed up after surgery and had a mean follow-up period of 24 months, were all substantially improved by comparison with their pre-operative state, despite certain complications affecting either the valves (1 requiring re-operation) or the coronary arteries (3 infarcts). The indications for coronary arteriography, which are related to the indications for surgery, are being enlarged so that they will include the majority of patients operated on excluding those of more than 65 to 70 years of age and also those aged less than 40 years who have no risk factors for atherosclerosis and no clinical or electrocardiographic signs suggesting a coronary lesion. A study of the operative risk factors has shown the importance of unsuspected coronary lesions, and would appear to indicate correction of all valvular and coronary lesions seen at the time of operation.
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PMID:[Valve replacement and aorto-coronary bypass]. 10 Nov 61

Not every case of angina pectoris occurring in a hypertensive patient is indicative of coronary atherosclerosis. Nine patients with essential hypertension of moderate degree had attacks of angina of sufficient severity to require investigation by arteriography. In these patients, the coronary arteriogram was normal but ventriculography showed hypertrophy of the walls of the left ventricle of restrictive or obstructive type. These appearances were confirmed by echocardiography which also showed hypertrophy of the septum and, in certain cases, confirmed the involvement of the ventricle, while by contrast the electrocardiogram and radiological appearances of the heart were essentially normal. The beta-blockers may have an important part to play in such conditions, and echocardiography is suggested as part of the routine investigation in cases of hypertension.
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PMID:[Angina pectoris in a hypertensive patient with left ventricle hypertrophy: echo-angiographic comparisons]. 10 Nov 81

Platelet survival presently represents a useful method for the study of atherosclerosis and its consequences in patients and in animal models. The currently used technique, while time consuming, appears to be reliable and reproducible for the measurement of platelet survival and turnover rate. The test offers promise to detect and perhaps quantify the degree of active vessel wall damage. In addition, it might prove useful to identify drugs with potential as platelet suppressants. Finally, the test might be used to compare with new techniques developed or used to identify vessel damage or thrombosis proneness.
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PMID:Platelet survival determination in atherosclerosis. 10 22

The association of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) with significant coronary atherosclerosis is little known, only 43 cases being available in the literature, 2 of which are personal ones. But the incidence of this association has certainly been underestimated. It is especially found from the sixth decade onwards, and at least 20% of patients with IHSS in and above the age group have stenosing lesions of the coronary artery. It is almost impossible to establish the presence of associated coronary abnormalities from the clinical features of from electrocardiogram. It does however seem worthwhile looking for this condition in IHSS when there is refractory chest pain, especially to beta-blockers, particularly if the patient is aged over 50 and has risk factors for ischaemic heart disease. It is also good to find IHSS associated with known coronary artery disease by using simple non-invasive techniques such as phonomechanocardiography and especially echo-cardiography; it is important not to miss the myocardial lesion and to treat concurrently if there is likely to be an indication for dealing with the coronary arteries surgically. The beta-blockers are the treatment of choice for both conditions, together with anticoagulents. If they fail, myectomy or myotomy together with aorto-coronary bypass graft should be considered.
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PMID:[Obstructive cardiomyopathy and associated coronary atherosclerosis. Review of the literature and report of 2 personal cases]. 10 92

Much of our current knowledge about the physiology of hemostasis has come from intensive study of platelets from patients with inherited and acquired bleeding disorders or an increased risk of thrombotic disease. Appreciation of the role of plasma proteins in platelet stickiness, of platelet surface membrane glyco-proteins in aggregation, of the substances stored in platelet organelles in cell-cell interaction, vascular injury and atherosclerosis, and of endoperoxides and thromboxanes in platelet intercellular communication have resulted largely from investigations on various types of defective platelets. While the techniques of physiology and biochemistry have generated critical details about abnormal platelets, electron microscopy and ultrastructural cytochemistry have provided an improved morphological framework in which to integrate the new discoveries. The present review has attempted to correlate physiological, biochemical and ultrastructural concepts as they relate to the current understanding of inherited platelet disorders.
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PMID:The ultrastructure of defective human platelets. 10 16

Intimal thickening is a significant cause of late failure of aorto-coronary vein grafts. The microscopic appearance of this thickening has some similarities to the microscopic appearance of arterial atherosclerosis, and it has been suggested that hyperlipidemia may play a role in its pathogenesis. This study examines the morphology and lipid composition of autologous vein and artery grafts in normal and hyperlipidemic rhesus monkeys. Grafts were examined six months after insertion by light and electron microscopy and tissue lipids were determined quantitatively. Intimal thickening occurred in all grafts. Specific morphological and lipid compositional features of the grafts were influenced by the type of tissue used for grafting and the presence or absence of hyperlipidemia. However, the degree of intimal thickening per se could not be related to either of these two factors. It is concluded that surgical transplantation in this model provides the most powerful stimulus for intimal thickening and any additional effect on this process by hyperlipidemia is small.
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PMID:Intimal thickening and hyperlipidemia in experimental primate vascular autografts. 10 7


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