Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report the principal clinical models in which inhibitors of platelet aggregation were used to prevent the clinical complications of atherosclerosis. The models at risk which were considered include unstable angina, TIAs, myocardial infarction and atherosclerotic vascular disease of the lower limbs. Overall, the studies suggest the value of this therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular accidents. TIAs, unstable angina and myocardial infarction are the models which provide the best evidence for this; however, the effectiveness of this therapy in peripheral vascular disease, while showing positive results, needs to confirmed by further clinical studies. Lastly, therapy with inhibitors of platelet aggregation has been shown to be useful in the prevention of aortocoronary bypass occlusion; however, its efficacy has been shown only when therapy is initiated early.
 ...
PMID:Clinical use of antiplatelet therapy. 251 Nov 6

A series of 134 patients with left main coronary stenosis was followed up for an average of 18 months. The majority of patients presented with unstable angina and per-critical ECG changes. Coronary angiography showed that left main coronary stenosis is rarely an isolated entity but generally associated with diffuse coronary atherosclerosis. Left ventricular function is usually normal. Treatment is surgical whenever the coronary lesions, left ventricular function and general condition of the patient allow it. The medium-term surgical results are excellent on clinical symptoms and quality of life at the price of low perioperative mortality and morbidity.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical, angiographic aspects and 18-month follow-up of 134 cases of left coronary trunk stenosis]. 251 28

Number of alpha-2-adrenoceptors on the thrombocyte membranes was measured with selective antagonists [H]3 yohimbine in 25 patients with ischemic heart disease (7 patients with unstable 12 with vasospastic and 6 with new onset angina pectoris) and in 16 patients without ischemic heart disease and coronary atherosclerosis (control group). The number of alpha-2-adrenoceptors in patients with unstable angina pectoris (571.0 +/- 92.9) was proved to exceed significantly that in patients with vasospastic (237.9 +/- 30.0) or new onset angina (126.2 +/- 19.3) and in the control group (200.0 +/- 22.5). The number of adrenoceptors tended to decrease during myocardial ischemia.
 ...
PMID:[The amount of thrombocyte alpha 2-adrenoreceptors in patients with different clinical variants in the course of ischemic heart disease]. 255 59

Unstable angina is a simple term used to describe a complex group of conditions with a heterogeneous pathogenesis and prognosis. In patients with cardiac disease, understanding pathogenetic mechanisms often influences decisions regarding prognosis and treatment. Potential causes for the development of acute myocardial ischemia include: 1. Extracardiac factors in the patient with severe coronary atherosclerosis. 2. Plaque disruption resulting in: a. Transient platelet aggregation in diseased vessels. b. Dynamic or intermittent coronary artery thrombosis. c. Hemorrhagic dissection into an atheromatous plaque. d. Abnormal constriction of a coronary artery. 3. Progression of atherosclerosis as a result of plaque "healing." It may not be possible to identify the appropriate mechanism responsible for unstable angina in every case but the clinician must attempt to do so since the selection of appropriate therapy for the individual patient depends on the mechanisms responsible for the symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Unstable angina pectoris: pathogenesis and management. 268 40

Platelet inhibitors have widely been studied in various clinical situations resulting from atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. At present, aspirin is virtually the only drug that has proved to be effective in all cases where the risk of coronary thrombosis was very high. Administered in daily doses of 160 to 1,500 mg, acetylsalicylic acid reduces the frequency of coronary thrombosis and its consequence, myocardial infarction, in the following clinical situations: year following myocardial infarction, acute phase of myocardial infarction, unstable angina, year following aorto-coronary bypass, days following dilatation of the coronary arteries. Acetylsalicylic acid has been compared with heparin and anti-vitamin K agents in four trial: whatever the model studied, no difference was found in the effectiveness of the two treatments tested. Aspirin ha recently been reported as preventing myocardial infarction in healthy subjects. The practical value of this finding is questionable. The various effects of aspirin have been ascribed to the fact that it interrupts a cascade of events ranging from rupture of atherosclerosis plaques to arterial thrombosis.
 ...
PMID:[Platelet antiaggregants and coronary pathology]. 268 43

The article reports a case of vasospastic angina. The disease is caused by a spasm in a large epicardial coronary artery which may otherwise be normal or show variable degrees of atherosclerosis. The diagnosis must be differentiated from acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina of arteriosclerotic origin and extracardial diseases. ECG may show transient elevation of the ST-segments and coronary arteriography can directly visualize the spasm during a spontaneous attack. Aggressive therapy with calcium antagonists and long-acting nitrates often has an excellent symptomatic effect and may improve the prognosis.
 ...
PMID:[Spastic angina]. 274 22

Changes of systemic immune status, involved in the immunopathogenesis of atherosclerosis, have been identified in patients with unstable angina pectoris. The developing acute myocardial infarction is accompanied by the formation of a myocardial aseptic inflammatory focus, from which biologically active products are absorbed, resulting in additional immunologic shifts. A differential diagnosis algorithm has been evolved on the basis of the comparison of a series of biochemical and immunologic parameters in patients with unstable angina, investigated at the peak of its clinical manifestations, and those with acute myocardial infarction.
 ...
PMID:[Possibilities of the use of various biochemical and immunologic indicators in the differential diagnosis of unstable stenocardia and acute myocardial infarction]. 275 9

The amounts of narrowing of the 4 major (left main, left anterior descending, left circumflex and right) epicardial coronary arteries by atherosclerotic plaques were compared in 4 subsets of coronary patients. Of the 129 patients studied at necropsy, an average of 2.7 of the 4 arteries was narrowed greater than 75% in cross-sectional area at some point (0.7/4 in controls), and the group with unstable angina pectoris (3.2/4) had more narrowing than did the groups with sudden coronary death (2.8/4), acute myocardial infarction (2.7/4) and healed myocardial infarction (2.3/4). Each of the 4 major epicardial coronary arteries was divided into 5-mm long segments and a histologic section was prepared and stained by the Movat method of each of the 6,461 segments in the 129 patients and in the 1,849 segments in the 40 control subjects. In the 129 patients, 35% of the 5-mm segments were narrowed 75 to 100% in cross-sectional area (3% in controls) and the group with unstable angina had the highest percent (48%) of segments severely narrowed compared to the groups with sudden coronary death (36%), acute myocardial infarction (34%) and healed myocardial infarction (31%). Thus, of the 4 subsets of patients with fatal coronary artery disease studied at necropsy, those with unstable angina pectoris had the most severe and extensive coronary atherosclerosis.
 ...
PMID:Qualitative and quantitative comparison of amounts of narrowing by atherosclerotic plaques in the major epicardial coronary arteries at necropsy in sudden coronary death, transmural acute myocardial infarction, transmural healed myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris. 275 76

Coronary artery spasm is the most frequent cause of ischemic heart disease without coronary atherosclerosis once other causes such as cardiomyopathy, arteritis, coronary ectasia, valvular heart disease or hypertensive heart disease are eliminated. We report 23 patients, 15 males and 8 females, whose ages ranged from 34 to 63 years, with a mean age of 47 years, with demonstrated angina pectoris and myocardial ischemia, whose cardiac cineangiography showed no signs of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, a significant retardation in the progression speed of the contrast medium was observed, as indirect evidence of the increment in coronary resistance at the arteriole level. Coronary spasm was ruled out by administration of intracoronary ergonovine, and other causes of myocardial ischemia, such as muscular bridges, were also discarded. The clinical presentation of the ischemic heart disease was unstable angina (UA) in 21 patients and myocardial infarction (MI) in 2. In the UA group, 14 patients showed ischemic changes in the ECG while the pain lasted, and in 8 patients the changes were present during the stress test. In all of them, the stress test perfusion scan with thallium 201 showed myocardial ischemia. In the IM group, the diagnosis was based on the clinical findings, the ECG, the enzyme curve, and the technetium 99 cardiac scintigram. In the two-year follow-up the prognosis has been favorable with treatment based on calcium antagonists. Nowadays 18 patients are asymptomatic, four have stable angina and only one has unstable angina.
 ...
PMID:[X syndrome. Angiographic findings]. 278 88

One hundred and fifty patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who refused bypass grafting were followed prospectively from 2 to 8 years. Mean age was 57 +/- 8 (standard deviation) years. Ejection fraction averaged 70 +/- 14%. Eight percent of patients had 1-vessel CAD and 92% had multiple-vessel CAD. Medical treatment included propranolol, nifedipine, isosorbide dinitrate, dipyridamole and aspirin. Annual mortality was 0% for 1- and 2-vessel CAD and 1.3% for left main equivalent disease, 3-vessel and left main CAD. Treatment significantly reduced the incidence of stable and unstable angina. Fifty-two patients (34%) had a second hemodynamic study 4.2 +/- 1.3 years after initial evaluation. Stenosis progression or new significant obstructions (greater than or equal to 70%) in previously normal coronary arteries occurred in 61% of 123 arteries studied, whereas new occlusions were observed in 12% of the arteries. Nonfatal acute myocardial infarction incidence was 8%. No significant changes occurred in ejection fraction. In conclusion, proper medical treatment in selected patients with advanced CAD but preserved ventricular function is associated with good long-term survival and remission of symptoms, although progression of coronary atherosclerosis does occur in some patients.
 ...
PMID:Two- to eight-year survival rates in patients who refused coronary artery bypass grafting. 278 55


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>