Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A series of 4 cases of free perforation of the gallbladder into the peritoneal cavity associated with peritonitis are reported. Two were diagnosed at laparotomy and 2 at post-mortem. The 3 patients who died were men who were either elderly or had serous concomitant diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis or alcoholism. The sole survivor was a fit young woman.
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PMID:Type 1 free perforation of the gallbladder. 404 3

Overt coronary heart disease does occur at times in a setting of alcoholism. In an attempt to test the hypothesis that habitual excessive drinking may have an aggravating effect upon coexisting ischemic heart disease and may help precipitate new coronary events, we compared myocardial infarct prevalence among heavy drinkers and non-heavy drinkers with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Infarct prevalence was found to be higher for heavy drinkers than for non-heavy drinkers under age 60 years, after controlling for differences in smoking habits and underlying atherosclerosis severity. A reversal in trend which may be due to the operation of selective factors causing premature coronary death among alcoholics was observed for individuals above age 60 years. These results, although open to differing interpretations, are consistent with the notion that heavy drinking has a destabilizing effect upon preexisting ischemic heart disease and may increase acute coronary event risk.
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PMID:Evaluation of habitual excessive alcohol consumption on myocardial infarction risk in coronary disease patients. 648 12

In order to study the effects of chronic alcoholism, 3 groups of patients were investigated and compared to 10 healthy controls. Group I consisted of 9 heavy drinkers, who exhibited type V hyperlipidemia (HLP) under alcohol intake. Group II consisted of 7 patients, who previously had type V HLP under the influence of alcohol. At the time of the investigation, however, they had ceased alcohol drinking for at least 6 months and were normolipidemic. Group III consisted of 7 heavy drinkers without hyperlipidemia. Compared to controls, group I had significantly decreased plasma concentrations of high density lipoproteins2 (HDL2) and HDL3 (both P less than 0.01); activities of post-heparin lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HTGL) as well were excessively decreased (both P less than 0.01). In group III LPL was also decreased (P less than 0.01), but HTGL was distinctly (P less than 0.01) higher than in controls. No such differences could be demonstrated for the patients of group II. Acute alcohol withdrawal from a patient suffering from alcoholism with HLP led to a sharp increase of LPL with a simultaneous decrease of VLDL within 2 days and a more delayed increase of LDL, HDL2 and HTGL, all reaching normal values within 12 days after cessation of alcohol drinking. With respect to the apolipoprotein (apo) composition of HDL2, patients of group I and group III exhibited a significantly lower percentual content of apo C-I at the expense of a significantly higher content of apo A-II as compared to controls and patients of group II. In group I and II, the percentual content of apo D in HDL2 was significantly higher than in controls and in group III. It is concluded that severe alcohol intake strongly impairs LPL in patients with HLP. The pronounced increase of HTGL in some patients (group III) may protect these individuals from HLP. The increased content of apo D in HDL2 may be a possible primary trait for alcohol-inducible HLP.
Atherosclerosis 1984 Sep
PMID:Post-heparin lipolytic activities and alterations of the chemical composition of high density lipoproteins in alcohol-induced type V hyperlipidemia. 649 35

The incidence and causes of sudden and/or unexpected deaths in the 15-49-year old population were investigated. The material was collected from 1492 cases in which either a medico-legal or a medical autopsy had been carried out. The necropsy rate was 42% of all deaths. There were 77 sudden deaths in this age-group, involving 64 males (82%) and 13 females (18%). This is 2% of all deaths and 5% of autopsied cases. The incidence per 100,000 persons in 1 year was 19.3 for males and 3.1 for females. Cardiovascular illnesses were the cause of death in 83% of cases. Coronary artery disease was the most common cause, accounting for almost half of these (49.3%). The next most common vascular cause was subarachnoidal haemorrhage (10.4%). The incidence of coronary deaths per 100,000 inhabitants in 1 year was 8.7 for males and 0.7 for females. In all cases the coronary stenosis was due to atheromatosis or more advanced atherosclerosis. Severe stenosis was located in the left descending artery in 58%, and in 52% the disease was only in one vessel. Thrombosis was found in 52%. Alcoholism (5.2%) was the next most common cause after the cardiovascular diseases. Coronary disease was very rare in age-matched victims of violent death. Deaths due to infections were rare, only 3.9%. Other solitary causes of sudden death were carcinomas, epilepsy, diabetes mellitus, intestinal occlusion and atopic dermatitis via sepsis.
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PMID:Causes of sudden unexpected deaths in young and middle-aged persons. 672 59

In 112 unselected autopsies of adult patients without known pancreatic disease (except adult-onset diabetes mellitus), the pancreas was examined to establish the incidence and degree of such minor pancreatic lesions as lipomatosis, fibrosis, alterations of ducts and ductal epithelium, inflammatory infiltrates, focal necrosis, acinar dilation, and vascular changes. Each lesion was then tested for statistically significant correlations with the age of the patient and a number of clinical conditions, including cholelithiasis, adult-onset diabetes mellitus, adiposity, generalized severe atherosclerosis, chronic alcoholism, severe bacterial infection prior to death, and generalized malignant tumor. This was done in the hope of finding associated or predisposing factors for the pancreatic lesions. The results show, in addition to the unexpectedly high incidence of the various pancreatic lesions, a clear increase of lipomatosis, fibrosis, and both ductal and ductal epithelial alterations with increasing age; these conditions were accompanied by a steady decrease in the mean weight of the gland, starting at the age of about 40 years, except in cases of advanced lipomatosis. The latter condition was associated with adult-onset diabetes mellitus. Severe generalized atherosclerosis was correlated with lipomatosis and fibrosis, but the two latter conditions were found together only rarely. Acute (terminal) lesions, including focal necrosis and acinar dilation, were associated with severe bacterial disease prior to death. Other statistically significant correlations were rare, indicating the lack of specificity of these minor pancreatic lesions rather than offering a clue as to their pathogenesis. The diagnostic significance and the relations of these lesions to clinically relevant chronic pancreatitis are discussed briefly.
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PMID:Incidence and diagnostic significance of minor pathologic changes in the adult pancreas at autopsy: a systematic study of 112 autopsies in patients without known pancreatic disease. 674 10

The authors considered the microbiological and clinical aspects of the thoracic empyemas caused by anaerobic bacteria observed at the Ivrea-Castellamonte Hospital, Turin, over a period of 78 months. In this period 321 patients were subjected to thoracentesis in order to take samples of the pleural fluid (PF) which was in turn subjected to culture investigations. 31 patients (9.6%) had one or more cultures which were positive for bacterial growth. A good 12 patients (38.7%) had cultures which were positive for anaerobes alone or associated with aerobes. The average age of these patients (8 male, 4 female) was 62.5 years (range, 42 TO 84 Y.). Underlying diseases and predisposing conditions were as follows: malignancy (4 patients), neurological disorders (4p), severe hypoalbuminemia (5 p), bronchial obstruction (3 p), previous gastroenteric or chest surgery (3 p), diabetes mellitus (2 p), alcoholism (2 p), atherosclerosis (1 p), alveolar hypoventilation caused by chest wall disorder (1 p). The etiopathogenesis of the empyema was as follows; postpneumonic, 5 cases (41.7%); postsurgical, 4 cases (33.3%); esophageal fistula, 1 case (8.3%); idiopathic, 2 cases (16.7%). In 5 cases (441.7%) empyema developed in hospital, in 7 cases (58.3%) in community. Forty-one percent of the empyemas were described as foul-smelling. The anaerobic bacteria most frequently isolated were Bacteroides spp, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococci in this order. Thoracentesis was performed on 6 patients, chest tube drainage was required in 6, and antibiotics were administered to all the patients. Length of Hospitalization averaged 33>2 days. Three patients (30%) died. These patients died during the same hospitalization period while empyema was an active problem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Thoracic empyema caused by anaerobes. 78-month retrospective study. Clinical and microbiological aspects]. 749 13

General autopsy findings, brain weight and brain pathology were studied in 98 men and five women who had been exposed occupationally to organic solvents over several years and assessed by the Danish National Board of Industrial Injuries for chronic toxic encephalopathy. The findings were compared with a forensic control material and a hospital control material. As in the general population, the most common causes of death among the exposed workers were heart failure and other vascular diseases. Due to the composition of the material (forensic cases), the number of suicides and violent deaths was high. Atherosclerosis was the most common CNS finding, but in comparison with the two control materials, no increase in the frequency of atherosclerosis or of Alzheimer's disease was found. Brain weights of the exposed workers corresponded closely to brain weights in the control materials, after correction for body height, body weight and age. Chronic alcoholism was correlated with slightly reduced brain weight.
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PMID:Brain autopsy in organic solvent syndrome. 833 41

We considered the influence of ethambutol therapy for lung TBC on the visual function of patients. Cases of toxic optic neuropathy caused by ethambutol therapy in patients hospitalized in the Ophthalmic Clinic in Rijeka within 5 years were presented. Results of the treatment of toxic optic neuropathy caused by ethambutol are influenced by risk factors such as: diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, alcoholism and in our opinion, atherosclerosis and very old age.
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PMID:[Optic nerve damage caused by administration of ethambutol]. 953 61

The aim of this study was to describe unexplained and explained natural deaths among decreased above 1 year of age in a series of medico-legal autopsies collected over a 20-year period (1972-1992). Unexplained natural deaths can be defined as those deaths where no cause-of-death is revealed after post-mortem and without circumstances indicating violent death. The death was considered to be natural in 491 cases above 1 year of age among a total of 2004 medico-legal autopsies. In 428 of these cases an explanation as to the cause-of-death was reached. The three most frequently encountered causes-of-death were complications to coronary atherosclerosis (62.6%), diseases of the lung (12.4%) and diseases in the central nervous system (9.8%). Among 59 cases with unexplained natural death, 50 had various chronic diseases or fatty liver. In 43 of these cases the deceased had epilepsy or chronic alcoholism. In nine cases (1.8% of the natural deaths) no explanation to the cause-of-death could be given.
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PMID:Unexplained and explained natural deaths among persons above 1 year of age in a series of medico-legal autopsies. 971 61

There is an increased interest in the role of magnesium ions in clinical medicine, nutrition and physiology. The characteristics of the binding of magnesium and calcium ions to various components, macromolecules and biological membranes are described. Magnesium affects many cellular functions, including transport of potassium and calcium ions, and modulates signal transduction, energy metabolism and cell proliferation. The mechanism of cellular uptake and efflux of magnesium, its intracellular transport, intestinal absorption, renal excretion and the effect of hormones on these are reviewed. Magnesium deficiency is not uncommon among the general population: its intake has decreased over the years especially in the western world. The magnesium supplementation or intravenous infusion may be beneficial in various diseased states. Of special interest is the magnesium status in alcoholism, eclampsia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac diseases, diabetes, and asthma. The development of instrumentation for the assay of ionized magnesium is reviewed, as are the analytical procedures for total magnesium in blood and free magnesium in the cytosol. The improved procedures for the assay of different magnesium states are useful in understanding the role of magnesium in health and disease.
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PMID:Magnesium. An update on physiological, clinical and analytical aspects. 1072 69


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