Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004135 (ATM)
 13,001 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To further pinpoint the location of the genes for ataxia-telangiectasia on the long arm of chromosome 11, we performed linkage analysis and analysis of recombinants of genetic haplotypes on 14 Turkish families with ataxia-telangiectasia, 12 of which were consanguineous. These studies used more than 25 polymorphic genetic markers spanning a region of the long arm of chromosome 11 that is larger than 50 cM. Seven markers gave significant LOD scores to AT: CJ5, DRD2, CJ208, S144, CD3E, PBGD, and S147, as did haplotypes created with pairs of markers DRD2/CJ5 and S144/CJ208, giving recombination fractions (theta) of 0.00, 0.00, 0.05, 0.08, 0.03, 0.09, 0.07, 0.00, and 0.06, respectively. Monte Carlo analysis of these 14 Turkish families indicated the best location for a single AT gene to be within a 6 cM sex-averaged (3 cM male-specific) interval defined by STMY and CJ77; this was three times more likely than the next most likely location (peak III) at the DRD2 locus. The analysis also revealed a peak (peak II) between S147 and S133, which may represent the complementation group D gene. Recombinant analysis of haplotypes also localized an AT locus to the STMY-CJ77 interval. Taken together, these results suggest that at least two distinct AT loci exist (ATA and ATD) at 11q22-23, with perhaps a third locus, ATC, located very near to the ATA gene. This genetic heterogeneity further complicates plans to isolate the major ATA and ATC genes and to begin identifying AT carriers in the general population.
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PMID:Ataxia-telangiectasia: linkage analysis of chromosome 11q22-23 markers in Turkish families. 163 48

Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from a single defective gene in each family. Complementation studies suggest that the same syndrome is associated with defects of at least four AT genes (ATA, ATC, ATD and ATE). The syndrome is multifaceted and involves the cerebellum, skin, immunological system, chromosomes, cancer susceptibility, radiosensitivity, premature ageing and serum alphafetoprotein levels. In order to further develop understanding of how these seemingly unrelated physiological systems interact in this disease, we attempted to localize the gene by linkage analysis, using a single large Group A AT family to screen 171 genetic markers and 30 additional AT families to confirm any positive linkages. We found a linkage to AT (Group A) with genetic markers on chromosome 11q22-23. This region of the human genome is syntenic with a large region of the mouse genome on chromosome 9 and includes such "candidate" genes as THY1, NCAM, CD3G-D-3, ets-1, and APOA1-C3-A4. In addition, studies of human chromosomes identify fragile sites in this region as well as breakpoints associated with translocation 4: 11 and 9; 11 in acute non- lymphocytic leukemias. The pathogenetic implications of this localization to 11q22-23 are considered.
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PMID:Ataxia-telangiectasia (group A): localization of ATA gene to chromosome 11q22-23 and pathogenetic implications. 168 42

Cells derived from patients with the cancer-prone inherited disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) show an abnormal response to ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage, such as an increased cell killing and a diminished inhibition of DNA synthesis. The enhanced killing of A-T (group D) cells by X-rays can be corrected by multiple cDNAs, mapping to different chromosomes (6, 11, 17, and 18). In order to examine whether genes located on these chromosomes complement AT-D cells, normal neo-tagged chromosomes 6, 11, 17, and 18 were introduced into AT-D cells by microcell-mediated chromosome transfer. However, correction of the enhanced killing of AT-D cells by X-rays could only be achieved by chromosome 11 and by none of the other chromosomes tested. The enhanced killing of A-T (complementation group C) cells was also corrected by chromosome 11. Usually, but not in all microcell hybrid clones, chromosome 11 also corrected the radioresistant DNA synthesis (RDS) phenotype of AT-D and AT-C cells. These results (i) confirm findings by others suggesting assignment of the ATD and ATC genes to chromosome 11, (ii) demonstrate that several genes can modify the cellular radiation response when they are taken out of their normal genomic context and/or control, and (iii) indicate that the RDS phenotype and the enhanced cell killing in A-T are independent pleiotropic features resulting from the primary mutations in A-T. Also, our findings underscore that, in establishing cDNAs as candidate genes for A-T, microcell-mediated chromosome transfer studies are needed to exclude nonspecific correcting effects of these candidate cDNA genes.
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PMID:Studies on phenotypic complementation of ataxia-telangiectasia cells by chromosome transfer. 784 80

It has been shown that the X-ray-sensitive Chinese hamster V79 mutants (V-E5, V-C4 and V-G8) are similar to ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) cells. To determine whether the AT-like rodent cell mutants are defective in the gene homologous to A-T (group A, C or D), human chromosome 11 was introduced to the V-E5 and V-G8 mutant cells by microcell-mediated chromosome transfer. Forty independent hybrid clones were obtained in which the presence of chromosome 11 was determined by in situ hybridization. The presence of the region of chromosome 11q22-23 was shown by molecular analysis using polymorphic DNA markers specific for the ATA, ATC and ATD loci. Seventeen of the obtained monochromosomal Chinese hamster hybrids contained a cytogenetically normal human chromosome 11, but only twelve hybrid cell lines were shown to contain an intact 11q22-23 region. Despite the complementation of the X-ray sensitivity by a normal chromosome 11 introduced to A-T cells (complementation group D), these twelve Chinese hamster hybrid clones showed lack of complementation of X-ray and streptonigrin hypersensitivity. The observed lack of complementation does not seem to be attributable to hypermethylation of the human chromosome 11 in the rodent cell background, since 5-azacytidine treatment had no effect on the streptonigrin hypersensitivity of the hybrid cell lines. These results indicate that the gene defective in the AT-like rodent cell mutants is not homologous to the ATA, ATC or ATD genes and that the human gene complementing the defect in the AT-like mutants seems not to be located on human chromosome 11.
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PMID:Human chromosome 11 complements ataxia-telangiectasia cells but does not complement the defect in AT-like Chinese hamster cell mutants. 840 33