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Query: UMLS:C0004135 (ATM)
 13,001 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four cases resembling ataxia telangiectasia, all characterized by the absence of telangiectasias, are presented. Two are sisters while the other 2 are sporadic cases. The 2 sisters, aged 14 and 12 years, present a progressive neurological disease similar to that characterizing the Louis-Bar syndrome. The clinical picture in 1 of the sporadic cases, a girl aged 13 years, differs from the typical ataxia telangiectasia in having bilateral pyramidal signs in the lower limbs. The last case, a girl aged 8 years, presents an atypical clinical pattern characterized by a severe mental retardation, quite modest cerebellar signs and absence of involuntary movements. The results of the immunological and cytogenetic investigations are presented and discussed.
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PMID:Clinical, cytogenetic and immunological aspects in 4 cases resembling ataxia telangiectasia. 137 58

Within months of Roentgen's discovery of X rays, severe adverse effects were reported, but not well publicized. As a result, over the next two decades, fluoroscope operators suffered lethal skin carcinomas. Later, case reports appeared concerning leukemia in radiation workers, and infants born with severe mental retardation after their mothers had been given pelvic radiotherapy early in pregnancy. Fluoroscopy and radiotherapy for benign disorders continued to be used with abandon until authoritative reports were published on the adverse effects of ionizing radiation by the U.S. NAS-NRC and the UK MRC in 1956. Meanwhile, exposure to the atomic bombs in Japan had occurred and epidemics of delayed effects began to be recognized among the survivors: cataracts (1949), leukemia (1952) and severe mental retardation among newborn infants after intrauterine exposure (1952). No statistically significant excess of germ-cell genetic effects was detected by six clinical measurements (1956), the F1 mortality (1981), cytogenetic studies (1987) or biochemical genetic studies (1988). Somatic cell effects were revealed by long-lasting chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes (1968), and somatic cell mutations were found at the glycophorin A locus in erythrocytes (1992). Molecular biology is a likely focus of new studies based on the function of the gene for ataxia telangiectasia (1995), a disorder in which children have severe, even lethal acute radiation reactions when given conventional doses of radiotherapy for lymphoma, to which they are prone. Also, obligate heterozygote female relatives can be studied for increased susceptibility to radiation-induced breast cancer, as suggested by clinical studies. The tumor registries in Hiroshima and Nagasaki now provide incidence data that show the extent of increases in eight common cancers and no increase in eight others (1994). The possibility of very late effects of A-bomb exposure is suggested by recent reports of increased frequencies of hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid cancers and certain causes of death other than cancer.
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PMID:Delayed effects of external radiation exposure: a brief history. 748 Jun 42

We report a novel autosomal recessive disorder characterized by premature chromosome condensation in the early G2 phase. It was observed in two siblings, from consanguineous parents, affected with microcephaly, growth retardation, and severe mental retardation. Chromosome analysis showed a high frequency of prophase-like cells (>10%) in lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and lymphoblast cell lines with an otherwise normal karyotype. (3)H-thymidine-pulse labeling and autoradiography showed that, 2 h after the pulse, 28%-35% of the prophases were labeled, compared with 9%-11% in healthy control subjects, indicating that the phenomenon is due to premature chromosome condensation. Flow cytometry studies demonstrate that the entire cell cycle is not prolonged, compared with that in healthy control subjects, and compartment sizes did not differ from those in healthy control subjects. No increased reaction of the cells to X-irradiation or treatments with the clastogens bleomycin and mitomycin C was observed, in contrast to results in the cell-cycle mutants ataxia telangiectasia and Fanconi anemia. The rates of sister chromatid exchanges and the mitotic nondisjunction rates were inconspicuous. Premature entry of cells into mitosis suggests that a gene involved in cell-cycle regulation is mutated in these siblings.
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PMID:Premature chromosome condensation in humans associated with microcephaly and mental retardation: a novel autosomal recessive condition. 1185 8

We describe here a 3-year-old girl demonstrating combined cellular immunodeficiency of B- and T-cells, pancytopenia, multiple anomalies, and severe mental retardation. Cytogenetic analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) indicated an unbalanced translocation of chromosomes 8q and 11q, resulting in monosomy 11q23.3-qter and trisomy 8q24.3-qter. The association of cellular immunodeficiency and partial deletion 11q and/or partial trisomy 8q has not been described previously; however, the 11q deletion has been reported with humoral immunodeficiency or pancytopenia. Some one-third to one-half of patients with partial monosomy 11q were reported to have pancytopenia, which has been related to the absence of the 11q23-q24 region. Our case narrows down the critical interval for thrombo- or pancytopenia to 11q23.3-q24 and excludes both the ATM (which resides on 11q23.1) and the MLL genes as possible candidate genes. We are proposing that haploinsufficiency of the NFRKB gene on 11q24-q25 and/or the ETS-1 proto-oncogene on 11q24 may have caused or contributed to the immunodeficiency (decreased levels of B- and T-lymphocytes) in our patient.
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PMID:Girl with combined cellular immunodeficiency, pancytopenia, malformations, deletion 11q23.3 --> qter, and trisomy 8q24.3 --> qter. 1192 Aug 39