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 13,001 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many grading systems for prostatic carcinoma exist; however, none allows pathologists to predict accurately the prognosis of individual patients. The Dunning R-3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma model consist of sublines of known metastatic potential which were indistinguishable until recently. A visual grading system of cancer cell motility distinguished the metastatic potentials of Dunning sublines maintained in vitro and was validated prospectively. We used this grading system to assess the metastatic potential of cells harvested directly from in vivo Dunning tumors. We graded the motility of cells from three Dunning sublines of low (less than 10%) (G, AT1, AT2) and three sublines of high (greater than 90%) AT3, (MAT-LyLu, PAT2) metastatic potential. Cells obtained from primary tumors were studied by time lapse videomicroscopy after passages 1, 3 and 5 in vivo and in vitro. Membrane ruffling, pseudopodal extension and cellular translation were graded 0-10. Serial analysis of mean and heterogeneity (coefficient of variation) of membrane ruffling, pseudopodal extension and cellular translation demonstrated that subline motility grades were assessed adequately by a sample of 10 cells. Motility did not depend upon whether cells were maintained in vitro or in vivo; however, motility increased with successive passages in four of six sublines. In 60 cells harvested directly from the fifth in vivo passage, three sublines of low metastatic potential were distinguished from three sublines of high metastatic potential (Student's t test, p less than 0.01). Individual cells from the sublines were identified correctly as high or low metastatic in 83, 78 and 70% of cases by membrane ruffling, pseudopodal extension and cellular translation respectively, and logistic regression analysis failed to improve classification accuracy. A visual grading system of cancer cell motility described the metastatic potential of in vivo neoplasms in the Dunning model and may warrant testing in human prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Prediction of metastatic potential by cancer cell motility in the Dunning R-3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma in vivo model. 173 34

Steady-state levels of c-Ha-ras mRNA were measured in eight sublines of the Dunning R3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. As a control, normal dorsal prostate tissue was studied. Increased expression of c-Ha-ras is associated with tumor progression in one lineage of the Dunning R3327 system (H to AT1 to MAT-Lu and MAT-Ly-Lu). Here ras mRNA increases as the tumor advances from androgen dependence and a high degree of differentiation to an anaplastic aneuploid phenotype with high metastatic potential. However, in the other Dunning lineage (H to HI to HI-F to AT3), expression of c-Ha-ras is variable and does not correlate with tumor progression. Immunocytochemistry showed that levels of the c-Ha-ras p21 protein paralleled steady-state mRNA levels in variants. Transfection assays, using NIH/3T3 cells, suggested that the ras loci were not activated in the R3327 tumors. Levels of c-Ki-ras mRNA were also measured in the Dunning tumors; these did not correlate with tumor progression in either lineage. Expression of N-ras mRNA was not detected in the Dunning tumors.
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PMID:Expression of ras proto-oncogenes in the Dunning R3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma system. 306 50

Recently, Volk, Geiger, and Raz (Cancer Res., 44: 811-824, 1984) addressed the question of whether variations in actin organization in clones of the murine K-1735 melanoma tumor correlated with their metastatic capability. Using immunofluorescence techniques, they found that clones which had a more ordered actin network were less metastatic, whereas clones having a diffuse actin staining pattern were more metastatic. Similarly, we have found that in the Dunning rat R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma tumor system, the non-metastatic (less than 0.1%) H-prostatic tumor cell line has a prominent network of actin filament bundles, whereas the highly metastatic (greater than 90%) MatLyLu cell line has a diffuse actin staining pattern. In the low-metastatic (less than 10%) AT1 cell line an intermediate actin organization between H and MatLyLu was observed. Analysis of cell extracts from H- and MatLyLu-cells revealed differences in the level of activity of cellular proteins which affect actin filament assembly and structure in a manner similar to that of the cytochalasins, fungal metabolites which bind with high affinity to the fast-growing end of actin filaments. Extracts of MatLyLu were significantly more effective than those of H-cells in decreasing the extent of actin filament network formation and in inhibiting the rate of filament assembly by blocking monomer addition onto the fast-growing end. Measurements of spin-lattice nuclear magnetic resonance water proton relaxation times (T1) were made in surgically removed tumor tissue from four sublines (H, AT1, MatLyLu, and MatLu) of the Dunning R3327 tumor system. The highly metastatic cell lines had significantly longer water proton T1 relaxation times than did the lines with low metastatic potential. These differences in T1 may reflect the observed alterations in organization of actin filaments within these various sublines of the Dunning R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma tumor system.
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PMID:Actin filament organization of the Dunning R3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma system: correlation with metastatic potential. 394 Jun 53

Oncoprotein 18 (Op18) is an intracellular phosphoprotein that has been shown to be overexpression in a number of human malignancies. In the present report we have studied the pattern of Op18 expression on normal, hyperplastic, and malignant prostatic tissue as well as in rat prostatic tumor lines. One of the objectives of the present work was to establish whether the level of Op18 expression can be used as a prognostic marker in human prostatic adenocarcinoma. To that end, sections from normal, hyperplastic, and malignant human prostatic tissue were examined by immunohistochemistry for expression of Op18. In the normal and hyperplastic prostate, Op18 expression was observed in basal glandular epithelial cells, whereas the columnar luminal epithelial cells were not stained by the anti Op18 antibodies. In highly differentiated prostatic cancers occasional epithelial cells were stained, while in poorly differentiated tumors most of the epithelial cells contained Op18 immunoreactivity. The staining pattern was similar in the primary prostatic tumor and in the regional lymph node metastases. Most importantly, a limited survey of prostatic cancer patient samples (n = 40) showed a significant correlation between the fraction of Op18 immunoreactive cells and survival. Studies of a rat prostatic tumor model, showed that only a few cells were stained in the highly differentiated Dunning R3327PAP tumor, while most cells were stained in the anaplastic AT1 rat prostatic tumor. Interestingly, castration of rats resulted in an increased Op18 immunoreactivity, within 14 days, in the highly differentiated rat R3327PAP prostatic tumor. In conclusion, the level of Op18 expression seems to be related to cellular differentiation, histological grade, and survival in prostatic cancers. These findings show that Op18 immunoreactivity may be useful as a prognostic marker in prostatic cancer. In addition it may help in the differentiation between highly differentiated prostatic tumors and non-malignant conditions.
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PMID:Differentiation-stage specific expression of oncoprotein 18 in human and rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. 763 82

Here we present research detecting the invasive activities of metastatic cells in vitro using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). The assay is based on previous microscopic observations, where metastatic cells added over established endothelial cell layers were observed to attach to and invade the cell layer. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) werefirst grown to confluence on small gold electrodes. The impedance of these electrodes was followed after the addition of suspensions of different sublines of the Dunning murine prostatic adenocarcinoma series (G, AT1, AT2, AT3, ML, and MLL). For highly metastatic sublines, within an hour after being challenged, the impedance of the confluent HUVEC layer was substantially reduced. The effect of the weakly metastatic sublines was less pronounced, and the extent and the rate of this drop in impedance could be correlated with the metastatic potential of each of six sublines tested. The real-time assay is effective in both normal and low (1%) serum concentrations, and the detected activity requires the presence of viable transformed cells. In addition to the murine cell lines, similar behavior was observed using four established human prostatic cancer lines (DU145, PC3, TSU, and PPC1). These results suggest that this ECIS-based assay might be used with primary human cultures to establish the metastatic abilities of cells isolated from biopsies.
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PMID:Real-time impedance assay to follow the invasive activities of metastatic cells in culture. 1239 93