Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004134 (ataxia)
 15,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical disorders known to affect inherited gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) metabolism are autosomal recessively inherited succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase and GABA-transaminase deficiency. The clinical presentation of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency includes intellectual disability, ataxia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and epilepsy with a nonprogressive course in typical cases, although a progressive form in early childhood as well as deterioration in adulthood with worsening epilepsy are reported. GABA-transaminase deficiency is associated with a severe neonatal-infantile epileptic encephalopathy.
 ...
PMID:Disorders of GABA metabolism: SSADH and GABA-transaminase deficiencies. 2548 64

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glutamic acid to the neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid. Antibodies against GAD (anti-GAD-Ab) are associated with an array of autoimmune-related neurological conditions, such as stiff-person syndrome, cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy and limbic encephalitis. The clinical spectrum of ataxia associated with anti-GAD-Ab comprises slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia syndrome evolving in months or years, associated with cerebellar atrophy on brain MRI. There are few reports of patients with ataxia associated with anti-GAD-Ab presenting with abnormal ocular movements, such as downbeat nystagmus (DBN).We present two patients with ataxia associated with anti-GAD-Ab from a large series of ataxic subjects who presented with cerebellar ataxia combined with spontaneous DBN. All patients underwent a thorough neurological evaluation with the use of ataxia scales, brain MRI scans, cerebrospinal fluid examination, 18FDG-PET/CT scans, laboratory work-up with on coneural and immune encephalitis antibodies, serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of anti-GAD-Ab, and the antibody specificity index to measure the intrathecal synthesis of anti-GAD-Ab. All patients were treated with cycles of intravenous immunoglobulin and had mild/partial ataxia improvement and no improvement of DBN. The finding of DBN may work as a diagnostic clue in the context of adult-onset non-hereditary ataxias.
 ...
PMID:Spontaneous downbeat nystagmus as a clue for the diagnosis of ataxia associated with anti-GAD antibodies. 2667 Oct 81

Two dogs presented to the emergency service after accidental ingestion of afloqualone tablets, a muscle relaxant used for back pain in humans. Toxic effects of the drug in these dogs included vomiting, respiratory depression, seizures, ataxia, bradycardia, and hematuria. Treatment consisted of fluid diuresis, furosemide, and propofol. Flumazenil, a gamma-amino butyric acid antagonist, was administered intravenously; however, it was not effective in stopping the seizures in these dogs. Both dogs recovered with supportive treatment. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first documented report of afloqualone intoxication in dogs.
 ...
PMID:Accidental afloqualone intoxication in two dogs. 2914 47

Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency is an ultra-rare inborn error of metabolism that results in disrupted gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) catabolism. In addition to developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, ataxia, and seizures, a variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms may occur, including psychosis. By highlighting all available and relevant case reports/series, this qualitative review seeks to characterize the prevalence, clinical manifestation, pathophysiology, and treatment of psychotic symptoms in this population. Psychosis occurs in a minority of SSADH-deficient individuals, and most commonly presents as auditory or visual hallucinations with an onset in adolescence or young adulthood. Although the pathophysiology underlying the development of psychosis in this context is not fully understood, it likely in part relates to increased GABA and/or gamma hydroxybutyric acid activity. Although antipsychotic medications should be used cautiously in SSADH deficiency, they may be effective at treating emergent psychotic symptoms.
 ...
PMID:The characterization of psychotic symptoms in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency: a review. 3316 4