Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004134 (ataxia)
 15,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

HDLS (Hereditary Diffuse Leukodystrophy with Spheroids) is a hereditary leukodystrophy whose main clinical manifestations include parkinsonism, spasticity, and ataxia. Genetic defects in the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) gene have been reported in many HDLS cases. The present report describes a new missense mutation Arg777Gln involving exon 18 of the CSF1R gene in a sporadic patient presenting with tumor-like lesions mimicking primary progressive multiple sclerosis. The patient was initially diagnosed with a progressive variant of multiple sclerosis and received inadequate treatments. Although most HDLS cases have a positive family history, this disease should also be suspected in sporadic patients showing unusual white matter lesions at MRI.
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PMID:A new CSF1R mutation presenting with an extensive white matter lesion mimicking primary progressive multiple sclerosis. 2403 9

We describe detailed clinical, biochemical, neuroimaging and neuropathological features in adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP), encompassing hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids (HDLS) and pigmentary orthochromatic leukodystrophy (POLD), linked to colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) mutations in four Korean cases. Clinical, biochemical, neuroimaging and neuropathological findings were obtained by direct evaluation and from previous medical records. The genetic analysis of the CSF1R gene was done in two autopsy-confirmed ALSP cases and two cases where ALSP was suspected based on the clinical and neuroimaging characteristics. We identified two known mutations: c.2342C>T (p.A781V) in one autopsy-proven HDLS and clinically ALSP-suspected case and c.2345G>A (p.R782H) in another autopsy-proven POLD case. We also found a novel mutation (c.2296A>G; p.M766V) in a patient presenting with hand tremor, stuttering and hesitant speech, and abnormal behavior whose father died from a possible diagnosis of spinocerebellar ataxia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented ALSP-linked CSF1R mutation in Korea and supports the suggestion that HDLS and POLD, with pathological characteristics that are somewhat different but which are caused by CSF1R mutations, are the same spectrum of disease, ALSP.
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PMID:Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia linked CSF1R mutation: Report of four Korean cases. 2556

Ataxia, characterized by uncoordinated movement, is often found in patients with cerebellar hemorrhage (CH), leading to long-term disability without effective management. Microglia are among the first responders to CNS insult. Yet the role and mechanism of microglia in cerebellar injury and ataxia after CH are still unknown. Using Ki20227, an inhibitor for colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor which mediates the signaling responsible for the survival of microglia, we determined the impact of microglial depletion on cerebellar injury and ataxia in a murine model of CH. Microglial depletion reduced cerebellar lesion volume and alleviated gait abnormality, motor incoordination, and locomotor dysfunction after CH. Suppression of CH-initiated microglial activation with minocycline ameliorated cerebellum infiltration of monocytes/macrophages, as well as production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine C-C motif ligand-2 (CCL-2) that recruits monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, both minocycline and bindarit, a CCL-2 inhibitor, prevented apoptosis and electrophysiological dysfunction of Purkinje cells, the principal neurons and sole outputs of the cerebellar cortex, and consequently improved ataxia-like motor abnormalities. Our findings suggest a detrimental role of microglia in neuroinflammation and ataxic motor symptoms after CH, and pave a new path to understand the neuroimmune mechanism underlying CH-induced cerebellar ataxia.
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PMID:Suppression of microglial activation and monocyte infiltration ameliorates cerebellar hemorrhage induced-brain injury and ataxia. 3271 6