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Query: UMLS:C0004134 (ataxia)
 15,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The literature contains about 500 cases of equine leucosis, though the reports are deposited in a great number of journals and vary considerably concerning particular topics. During the last years there has been a remarkable increase of publications about this syndrome in the equine. The clinical leucosis key recommended by us has been confirmed in principle considering the latest literature. In about 70 individual symptoms which can be clinically observed in equine with leucosis 11 can be considered as main symptoms because of their frequency; they are again classified in primary (lymph node tumours including splenomegaly--loss of condition, weakness--cachexia, weight loss, periphery oedema), secondary (anorexia, inappetence--fever--paleness of mucous membrane--anaemia--tachycardia) and accessory (incoordination--tachypnoea, dyspnoea--apathy, lethargy) main symptoms. Furthermore in future it will be necessary to take into more consideration the symptoms "recurrent colic" and "hydrothorax" within differential diagnosis. The main symptom "incoordination" (ataxia, asynergy, paresis, paralysis) is used by us more precisely only in case of impairment of nervous system by neoplastic infiltrations and does not signify as possible symptoms of general physical weakness, for example faltering, staggering, tumbling or lameness. The morphological classification follows further on our previous recommendation. There exist generalized forms with tumour infiltrations in abdominal and in thoracic cavity as well as especially in peripheral lymph nodes. On the other hand there are characteristic manifestations in certain regions of the body, which establish distinctly the clinical symptomatology. They are marked as regional multicentric forms with the main localizations "mediastinal", "splenic", "mesenteric" or "intestinal".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical diagnostic keys and special manifestations in equine leukosis]. 195 30

In this review, we have mainly discussed the cerebellar ataxic gait. The cerebellum can be divided into 3 phylogenically different lobes: the archicerebellum, paleocerebellum, and neocerebellum. The main components of the cerebellar circuit are 2 types of neurons, i.e., the Purkinje cells and granule cells and 3 types of fibers, i.e., mossy fibers, climbing fibers (cerebellar afferent fibers), and parallel fibers (axons of granule cells) Theoretically, cerebellar ataxia is considered to be caused by any lesions that develop within this circuit. Before diagnosing any symptoms as ataxia, we should first exclude weakness, sensory disturbances or vestibular dysfunction to explain those symptoms. Cerebellar ataxia usually causes several neurological deficits such as antagonist hypotonia, asynergy, dysmetria, dyschronometria, and dysdiadochokinesia. Ataxic gait is one of the cardinal features of the cerebellar symptoms. The clinical features of cerebellar ataxic gait usually include a widened base, unsteadiness and irregularity of steps, and lateral veering. Locomotion in individuals with cerebellar ataxia is characterized by a significantly reduced step frequency with a prolonged stance and double limb support duration. All gait measurements are highly variable in cerebellar ataxia. The characteristic clinical features of several cerebellar diseases have been summarized in this review. Even though the rehabilitation for cerebellar ataxia is not fully supported by much enough clinical evidence, repeated motor training, bandages or light weights has sometimes beneficial effects on ataxic limbs.
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PMID:[Cerebellar ataxic gait]. 2106 57