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Query: UMLS:C0004134 (ataxia)
 15,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Strychnine toxicosis is characterized by inducible tetanic seizures and metaldehyde poisoning by fine fasciculations progressing to generalized tremors and seizures. Intoxication with 1080 causes seizures, random running movements, vomiting, defecation, urination, acidosis and hyperglycemia. Intoxication with rodenticides causing coagulopathy is characterized by hemorrhage into body cavities but not necessarily external hemorrhage. Anticholinesterase insecticides cause salivation, urination and defecation, while chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides cause CNS disturbances. Ethylene glycol intoxication results in ataxia, depression, coma, vomiting and tachypnea, followed by acute renal failure. Urea poisoning causes bloat and CNS signs in cattle. Monensin intoxication in horses lasts several days and causes stiffness, colic, uneasiness and recumbency. Salt poisoning results in depression, seizures and hypernatremia. Lead poisoning is associated with central and peripheral nervous system signs, as well as increased numbers of nucleated RBC and basophilic stippling of RBC. Arsenic poisoning results in GI pain, diarrhea, weakness and death. Copper toxicosis in sheep is manifested by hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria. Plants that may intoxicate domestic animals include sorghum, greasewood, halogeton, water hemlock, Japanese yew, larkspur, lupine, milk-weed, philodendron, oleander, castor bean and precatory bean.
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PMID:Practical toxicologic diagnosis. 649 3

Snake bite was diagnosed in 125 dogs and 115 cats over 10 years. Young sporting dogs and young cats were mainly affected. More dogs (48%) were seen in contact with tiger snakes than cats (7%). One hundred and four (84%) dogs and 89 (76%) cats were bitten in the warmer months of the year (October to March). As the incidence rose in September/October, dogs were bitten on days when the temperature was near 20 degrees C or over. The commonest presenting signs were dilated pupils and absences of pupillary light reflex. Dyspnoea, hypothermia, hindleg ataxia and glycosuria were common features in cats. Vomiting, tachypnoea, hyperthermia and complete flaccid paralysis were often seen in dogs. The overall recovery rate after administering antivenene was 90% for cats and 83% for dogs. Death from anaphylaxis as a result of giving antivenene occurred in 3 cats and one dog. Dogs treated soon after being bitten recovered more rapidly. There was no correlation between the bite-to-treatment period and the treatment-to-recovery period for cats.
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PMID:Clinical features therapy and epidemiology of tiger snake bite in dogs and cats. 649 4

Six cases of PCP intoxication in young children age 5 years and younger seen at UCLA Medical Center recently and 10 other cases from the literature are described and their clinical findings summarized. PCP intoxication should be suspected in young children and infants presenting with rapid onset of lethargy or coma, strange behavior, staring spells, ataxia, and nystagmus. Other findings less frequent but still suspect are opisthotonos, hypertension, tachypnea or hyperpnea, miosis, hyperreflexia, hypertonia, and rigidity. Once suspected, the diagnosis is most easily made by finding PCP in the urine. Proper diagnosis of PCP intoxication is important to ensure that rapid, appropriate treatment is given, costly diagnostic workups are avoided, and family evaluations are instituted. One case strongly suggests that intoxication in infants may result from accidental inhalation when near individuals who are smoking PCP.
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PMID:PCP intoxication in young children and infants. 738 38

Joubert's syndrome is clinically characterized by attacks of tachypnea alternating with respiratory pauses, abnormal ocular movements, psychomotor retardation, and ataxia. Anatomic anomalies include cerebellar vermis agenesis with dilatation of the fourth ventricle. It is an autosomal recessive disorder; onset is in the neonatal period and prognosis is severe.
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PMID:[Joubert syndrome]. 782 Sep 5

Four Chinese infants and children (3 females & 1 male), aged from five months to three years, are diagnosed with Joubert syndrome by clinical and radiological findings. The clinical presentations included panting respiration with apnea in the newborn period (4/4), psychomotor retardation (4/4) and ataxia (2/4). The ocular findings were strabismus (3/4), unilateral ptosis (2/4), jerky eye movement (1/4) and retinal atrophy (1/4). Associated cerebral anomalies were occipital encephalocele (1/4) and hypoplasia of corpus callosum (1/4). All four underwent electroencephalography, abdominal ultrasonography, auditory and visual evoked potential tests; results were all normal. Two patients underwent electroretinogram with normal findings. The brain magnetic resonance imagings of all four patients showed dysgenesis of cerebellar vermis. For children presenting with ataxia and psychomotor retardation, Joubert syndrome is a more obvious diagnostic choice, but it is also important to keep this unusual disorder in mind as a differential diagnosis of neonatal tachypnea with apnea.
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PMID:Joubert syndrome in Chinese infants and children: a report of four cases. 829 32

In 10 patients (five females) suffering from multiple sclerosis with mild degree of disability, (EDSS ranging from 0 to 2) and in 10 age and sex matched control subjects we investigated lung function, respiratory muscles strength and cardiorespiratory response to incremental exercise in order to assess the metabolic cost of exercise. In the absence of any impairment of lung volumes and flows and in- and expiratory maximal mouth pressures, at peak of exercise oxygen consumption (VO2max = 1886 +/- 145 ml/min) and workload (Wmax = 137 +/- 9.8 watts) were slightly diminished in patients, as compared with controls (VO2max = 2246 +/- 196 ml/min and Wmax = 164 +/- 14.7 watts). These findings were associated with an increased heart rate (HR) and reduced oxygen pulse (VO2/HR) at the same workloads. During the whole exercise, however, the slope of the linear relationship between VO2 and work exhibited by the patients, amounting to 9.9 +/- 0.6 ml/min/watt, was similar to that of the controls (10.9 +/- 0.42 ml/min/watt). Incidentally, both at rest and during exercise, the patients showed a significantly greater minute ventilation (VE) due to a faster respiratory rate, associated with an augmented dead space (P < 0.05). We conclude that an increase of metabolic cost of exercise does not occur in multiple sclerosis patients with mild disability, suggesting a lack or a low degree of spasticity and/or ataxia elicited by the effort. Thus, their exertional capacity appears to be limited mainly by a poor training. The tachypnea observed in these patients at rest and during exercise was unexpected and the reason for adopting such a pattern of breathing is unclear.
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PMID:Energy cost of exercise in multiple sclerosis patients with low degree of disability. 934 81

Twenty-three ewes in a flock of 2000 were identified as having acute onset ataxia and/or having become recumbent in late pregnancy and early lactation. The presence or absence of 15 clinical signs were recorded. Thirteen of the ewes (57 per cent) were hypocalcaemic and 10 (43 per cent) were normocalcaemic. In the hypocalcaemic group, loss of anal reflex, constipation, tachycardia, hyposensitivity, ruminal stasis, ruminal tympany, salivation and tachypnoea were recorded in 50 per cent or more of the cases. In the normocalcaemic group, tachycardia, tachypnoea and ataxia were recorded in 50 per cent or more of the cases. Constipation, ruminal stasis, salivation and hyposensitivity had likelihood ratios of 3 and above for being associated with hypocalcaemia. Ruminal stasis and hyposensitivity had the likelihood ratios of 0.10 and 0.11 respectively for not being associated with hypocalcaemia.
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PMID:Hypocalcaemia in 23 ataxic/recumbent ewes: clinical signs and likelihood ratios. 1037 81

Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine anti-anxiety agent that acts at the limbic, thalamic, and hypothalamic level of the CNS and has anxioytic. sedative, hypnotic, skeletal muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties. A retrospective study was conducted of 415 alprazolam ingestions in dogs reported to the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center between January 1998 and August 2000: 238 suspected alprazolam toxicoses in dogs were evaluated. Clinical signs were ataxia/disorientation, depression, hyperactivity, vomiting, weakness, tremors, vocalization, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypothermia, diarrhea, and increased salivation that developed within 10-30 min post-ingestion. Treatment included standard decontamination procedures, such as emesis and activated charcoal: the specific benzodiazepine antagonist, flumazenil, may be used for severe CNS depression.
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PMID:Accidental ingestion of alprazolam in 415 dogs. 1182 68

The objective of this study was to evaluate the piglet as a suitable animal model for human diseases of high altitude. We studied 12 piglets, 4-10 weeks old, in a hypobaric chamber under conditions of high altitude at a pressure of 1/2 atmosphere (to approximately 320 Torr) for various periods of time (12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours) with continuous monitoring. The animals were decompressed every 24 hours for grooming and feeding. Two animals were studied as nonexposed controls, and one was studied as a control in the chamber without decompression. The animals were euthanized after the exposure, and a complete autopsy was performed. The tissues were then analyzed with light and electron microscopy. The animals all exhibited clinical features of ataxia, tachypnea with Cheyne-Stokes respiration, and lethargy. One animal vomited. The histologic and ultrastructural analysis showed normal organs, particularly lung and brain. The piglet may be a suitable animal model for the study of high altitude-related diseases in humans, but prolonged uninterrupted exposure and a delay in euthanasia after exposure to high altitude may be necessary for the development of reactive pathologic changes.
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PMID:The piglet as an animal model for hypobaric hypoxia. 1199 Jan 83

A 38-day-old male warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) with marked anaemia (haematocrit = 14 %) presented to the Denver Zoological Gardens hospital with ataxia, tachypnoea, suspected stunted growth and cardiomegaly. The piglet demonstrated some features consistent with both iron deficiency anaemia and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Serum-soluble iron was below the level of detection (< 8.96 micromol/l). Iron deficiency anaemia is a well recognised entity in domestic swine reared on concrete and denied access to soil. Fifteen captive warthogs were subsequently evaluated for serum soluble iron content (mean = 21.62 +/- 4.36 micromol/l as well as 5 neonatal warthog piglets that required hand-rearing. Only 1 of 5 neonatal warthog piglets had measurable serum soluble iron (9.50 micromol/l). These data suggest that warthogs are similar to domestic swine and are born with low iron stores. Some form of iron supplementation should be considered for captive neonatal warthog piglets, especially if they are reared on concrete.
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PMID:A case of anaemia in a neonatal warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) and evaluation of serum-soluble iron in warthogs. 1251 5


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