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Query: UMLS:C0004134 (ataxia)
 15,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The literature contains about 500 cases of equine leucosis, though the reports are deposited in a great number of journals and vary considerably concerning particular topics. During the last years there has been a remarkable increase of publications about this syndrome in the equine. The clinical leucosis key recommended by us has been confirmed in principle considering the latest literature. In about 70 individual symptoms which can be clinically observed in equine with leucosis 11 can be considered as main symptoms because of their frequency; they are again classified in primary (lymph node tumours including splenomegaly--loss of condition, weakness--cachexia, weight loss, periphery oedema), secondary (anorexia, inappetence--fever--paleness of mucous membrane--anaemia--tachycardia) and accessory (incoordination--tachypnoea, dyspnoea--apathy, lethargy) main symptoms. Furthermore in future it will be necessary to take into more consideration the symptoms "recurrent colic" and "hydrothorax" within differential diagnosis. The main symptom "incoordination" (ataxia, asynergy, paresis, paralysis) is used by us more precisely only in case of impairment of nervous system by neoplastic infiltrations and does not signify as possible symptoms of general physical weakness, for example faltering, staggering, tumbling or lameness. The morphological classification follows further on our previous recommendation. There exist generalized forms with tumour infiltrations in abdominal and in thoracic cavity as well as especially in peripheral lymph nodes. On the other hand there are characteristic manifestations in certain regions of the body, which establish distinctly the clinical symptomatology. They are marked as regional multicentric forms with the main localizations "mediastinal", "splenic", "mesenteric" or "intestinal".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical diagnostic keys and special manifestations in equine leukosis]. 195 30

We report a new case of pathologically documented Joubert syndrome. A review of 35 published cases showed that this syndrome, first described by Joubert and Eisenring in 1969, is well individualized and exhibits consistent features, including attacks of tachypnea alternating with respiratory pauses, abnormal ocular movements, severe psychomotor retardation, and ataxia. Anatomic anomalies include vermian agenesis with cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle. Inheritance of this condition is autosomal and recessive. Onset is in the neonatal period and prognosis is severe. Significant anatomic resemblances with the Dandy-Walker syndrome exist, although genetic and clinical features are different. The origin of this syndrome is unknown, but a study of peroxisomes is required since three cases of Joubert syndrome with pipecolic acidemia have been reported and resemblances exist between some recognized peroxisomal diseases and Joubert syndrome.
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PMID:[Joubert's syndrome]. 219 May 21

The effects of eight neuroleptic drugs injected into the cerebral ventricles on behavior, autonomic and motor activity of unanesthetized cats have been studied. Chlorpromazine, trifluorpromazine, droperidol, haloperidol, domperidone and spiperone induced emotional behavior (restlessness, miaowing, rage, attack, defense, fighting with paws, biting), autonomic (mydriasis, tachypnoea, dyspnoea, panting, salivation, defecation, urination, licking, vomiting) and motor (ataxia, muscular weakness, adynamia) phenomena. The main and the most consistent effect was the motor impairment, while the aggression was inconsistent and of moderate intensity. Of the neuroleptic drugs injected, only spiperone, domperidone and trifluorpromazine produced a dose-dependent motor impairment. The autonomic effects were also inconsistent and of low intensity. Metoclopramide induced inconsistent autonomic and motor effects, while sulpiride was devoid of any visible behavioral, autonomic and motor activity. It appears, therefore, that the motor impairment as well as the aggression caused by the neuroleptic drugs is perhaps related to central D-1 rather than to central D-2 dopamine receptors, but an effect on central norepinephrine and on central serotonin receptors cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Behavioral, autonomic and motor effects of neuroleptic drugs in cats: motor impairment and aggression. 286 89

We report four cases with the rare syndrome of tecto-cerebellar dysraphia with occipital encephalocele. The clinical features seen in these patients included episodic tachypnea and irregular breathing, opsoclonus, ataxia, marked hypotonia of the limbs, coloboma, and polydactyly. All four patients had midline occipital encephalocele. The cranial computed tomography scan showed partial to total agenesis of the vermis with a large communication between cisterna magna and the fourth ventricle. The computed tomography scan also showed partial deficiency of the midbrain tectum. We discuss the clinical and radiological findings and review the literature.
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PMID:Tecto-cerebellar dysraphia with occipital encephalocele. 292 26

Clinical observations and results of investigations of pyruvic acid metabolism are reported in 4 children in whom subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy of Leigh was diagnosed intravitally. Attention is called to the similarity of the clinical manifestations with its onset in the first year of life, deficient body weight and growth, progressing neurological disturbances (weakening of muscle power, tremor, ataxia, nystagmus), course with periods of exacerbations, tachypnoea, skin changes (hirsutism, telangiectasia, perspiration), death at the age of 2-3 years. The biochemical changes in all children included raised serum levels of lactic acid, pyruvic acid and alanine, and acid-base equilibrium disturbances with metabolic acidosis (relatively balanced respiratory alkalosis). The results of the test of intravenous loading with glucose and alanine carried out in all children indicated indirectly reduced activity of pyruvate carboxylase. In one child histological examination of the brain carried out postmortem confirmed the diagnosis of Leigh's disease.
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PMID:[Suspected pyruvate carboxylase deficiency in 4 children with Leigh disease]. 309 72

The effect on behavior of eight anticholinergic agents: atropine, scopolamine, trihexyphenidyl, biperiden, homatropine, eucatropine, hexocyclium and propantheline, injected into the cerebral ventricle (ICV) of the cat was investigated and compared. The anticholinergic agents evoked: (1) psychomotor stimulation such as miaowing, loud calling, restlessness, impelling locomotion, jumping, vacant staring, apprehension and loss of interest of the surroundings; (2) aggression, hissing, threat, attack, defense, fighting with paws and flight; (3) autonomic responses including mydriasis, tachypnea, dyspnea, licking, vomiting, salivation, micturition and defection; and (4) motor phenomena comprising scratching, ataxia, rigidity, tremor, weakness with adynamia or myoclonic jerks. Convulsions appeared only after ICV injections of atropine and homatropine. The most characteristic behavioral effect of anticholinergic agents was psychomotor stimulation accompanied by mild aggressive responses. The only exception was propantheline which caused a muscular weakness and adynamia. Atropine and scopolamine alone induced a dose-dependent impelling locomotion as well as fighting behavior. Carbachol and eserine injected intracerebroventricularly reversed the locomotion autonomic and motor phenomena produced by anticholinergic agents administered similarly. It is suggested that anticholinergic agents acting as partial agonists, can produce their behavioral effects through central cholinoceptive sites.
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PMID:Comparative behavioral effects of anticholinergic agents in cats: psychomotor stimulation and aggression. 370 93

New glutarimide compounds were synthesized by incorporating piperidine (compounds 1 to 7), diethylamine (8 and 9), morpholine moities (10 to 13), and alkyl derivatives of 3,5 dicyanoglutarimide (14 to 20) at position -1 of the nitrogen atom. Only compounds 1 to 7 at a dose of 8 mg/kg i.p. caused hypermotility, ataxia, tachypnoea and mild tremors in mice. At higher doses (32 mg/kg i.p.), all compounds induced tonic and clonic convulsions, respiratory paralysis and death. The LD50 values of compounds 1 to 20 in mice range from 152 to 488 mg/kg i.p. and for compounds 21 to 23, the p.o. values are 484, 500 and 525 mg/kg. The relative toxicity of compounds 1 to 7 and 14 to 20 showed inverse ratio in their numbers. Basic compounds 21 to 23 at high dose levels (64 mg/kg i.p.) induced only hypnotic depression. No change was observed in organ-wise histopathological study except patchy necrosis at the site of injection of basic compounds. The CNS pharmacological studies were negative with reference to anti-convulsion, analgesic, antipyretic tests by conventional methods except at higher doses (32 or 64 mg/kg i.p.), which exhibited synergistic effects in mice and rats.
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PMID:Pharmacology of new glutarimide compounds. 387 5

The effects of verapamil, a calcium antagonist, injected into the cerebral ventricles on behavior, autonomic and motor activity of unanesthetized cats have been investigated. Verapamil evoked emotional behavior (miaowing and alertness), autonomic responses (mydriasis, tachypnoea, dyspnoea, defecation, micturition, licking and panting) and motor phenomena (ataxia, muscular weakness and adynamia). These effects lasted from a few minutes to several hours. The most consistent phenomena were miaowing, alertness, mydriasis and respiratory irregularities. The possible mechanism of action of verapamil on behavior, autonomic and motor activity may be an action on voltage-operated calcium channels in the brain.
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PMID:Verapamil-induced behavioral, autonomic and motor effects in cats. 395 22

1. In unanaesthetized rabbits 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were injected into the cisterna magna or into the cannulated left lateral cerebral ventricle while rectal temperature was recorded.2. 5-HTP injected intracisternally in a dose of 1.5-3 mg produced a fall in temperature often followed by a rise beyond the pre-injection level. With 6 mg the main effect was a rise in temperature. The intraventricular injection of 1-2 mg 5-HTP usually produced a fall followed by a rise.3. 5-HT injected intracisternally in a dose of 0.2 mg produced a fall in temperature similar to that produced with this dose injected intraventricularly. Following an intracisternal injection of 1-4 mg 5-HT there was either a fall, or a fall followed by a rise, but in a few experiments the effect consisted mainly of a rise in temperature.4. Additional effects regularly observed with these injections were tachypnoea, ear twitching, rapid movements of the vibrissae, shaking of the head, wiping and scratching movements, ataxia, nodding and sideways movements of the head and long-lasting catalepsy.5. The sites where 5-HTP and 5-HT act when producing the temperature responses and the various behavioural effects are discussed.
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PMID:Temperature responses and other effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine when acting from the liquor space in unanaesthetized rabbits. 530 31

Nifedipine and verapamil injected into the cerebral ventricles of unanaesthetized cats produced a longlasting rise in the body temperature. The hyperthermic effect of nifedipine and verapamil were not dose-dependent. The hyperthermic effect of verapamil was preceded by a shortlasting fall in the body temperature, which was not dose-dependent. Calcium antagonists, nifedipine and verapamil also produced mydriasis, tachypnoea, dyspnoea, ataxia, tremor and muscular weakness. These symptoms were inconsistent and of slight intensity. In agreement with the theory of ionic set point controlling the body temperature, the most probable explanation is that calcium antagonists, nifedipine and verapamil produced changes in the body temperature by acting on sodium and calcium fluxes in the posterior hypothalamus.
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PMID:[Effects of nifedipine and verapamil on body temperature in cats]. 624 Oct 13


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