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Query: UMLS:C0004134 (ataxia)
 15,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After reviewing the literature, a personal series of 10 adult patients with cerebellar infarction diagnosed by CT scan is described. The clinical picture in young adult men is characterized by rapid onset of headache, vomiting, vertigo, ataxia and blurred vision. After this sudden onset the patients may present a stable course or a rapid or delayed onset of brain stem compression, revealed by impairment of consciousness. CT scan is the diagnostic method of choice. The correlation between angiographic and CT localization of the infarction is not good. For therapy the following policy is suggested: in alert and clinically stable patients: medical treatment (mannitol, glycerol, dexamethason), ICP and serial CT monitoring; in alert patients with hydrocephalus or mass effect: medical treatment and monitoring as mentioned before; ventricular drainage if ICP surpasses 350 mm H2O; in patients with impaired consciousness and hydrocephalus or mass effect: immediate ventricular drainage. If it is not followed by prompt improvement of the level of consciousness, an emergency suboccipital craniectomy with removal of the infarcted tissue should be done.
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PMID:Surgical management of acute cerebellar infarction. 398 89

Traumatic damage in the posterior fossa is a relatively rare event. A case of a 52-year-old alcoholic is reported who had two severe head traumas during a fight. The subsequent complaints consisted in vertigo and ataxia and were related to a post-commotional syndrome or damage due to chronic alcoholism. The neurological work-up, which was performed a few months later showed typical signs of traumatic damage of the cerebellum. This was confirmed by axial CT-scan.
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PMID:[Traumatic damage of the posterior cranial fossa in chronic alcoholism]. 402 55

We describe two patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar syndromes who gained clinically useful neurologic remissions following radical excision of the primary cancer. In both patients the syndrome was characterized by the rapid onset of gait ataxia, nausea, postural vertigo, central positional nystagmus, and saccadic oscillations. These observations encourage radical treatment of the primary cancer in patients with advanced malignant neoplasms who are disabled by cerebellar dysfunction, and lend support to a current hypothesis that paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is due to anticerebellar Purkinje cell antibodies elaborated by the primary cancer.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic cerebellar disease. Remission with excision of the primary tumor. 406 21

We draw the following conclusions from clinical observations on traumatized patients with vertigo and lumbar pain. 1) Hypertonicity of the lumbar soft supporting tissues, and especially the lumbar erector muscles (i.e., over-excitment of the lumbar proprioceptors) is a cause of vertigo due to whiplash injury. Equilibrium tests after fixing the waist with a corset are useful for detecting ataxia of lumbar origin. 2) Over-excitement of the lumbar porpiroceptors and dysfunction of the brain stem and the cerebellum are closely related in bringing about vertigo due to whiplash injury. The lumbar proprioceptors in particular may be important, in close correlation with the cerebellum in producing vertigo of this type. 3) Infiltration of procaine into tender spots in the lumbar soft supporting tissues is helpful in therapy of disequilibrium of the eyes and body and of cerebellar ataxia.
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PMID:Studies on ataxia of lumbar origin in cases of vertigo due to whiplash injury. 480 57

Streptomycin sulfate has been known to be ototoxic since its use in the treatment of tuberculosis. This report describes 10 years of experience in the treatment of Meniere's disease with streptomycin. Streptomycin has been used in classical Schuknecht ablation of the vestibular system in bilateral Meniere's disease; classical Schuknecht ablation of the vestibular system in unilateral Meniere's disease in the only hearing ear; intratympanic streptomycin in the treatment of unilateral Meniere's disease; and low-dose intramuscular streptomycin as outpatient treatment in unilateral Meniere's disease. The results of bilateral vestibular ablation were similar to Schuknecht's and others. Patients developed profound ataxia with a wide-based gait and oscillopsia, which improved rapidly over a period of months. Approximately 30% experienced significant improvement in hearing, which usually deteriorated again after several months. All patients were relieved of vertigo. Patients with unilateral Meniere's disease in the only hearing ear responded as did the bilateral cases. Hearing in the only hearing ear was preserved in all cases. Low-dose subototoxic streptomycin as outpatient treatment offers promise in some cases for relieving attacks of Meniere's disease while improving hearing without producing the temporary disabling effects of ataxia and oscillopsia. Streptomycin and similar drugs that may reduce the production of endolymph may eventually be the treatment of choice in Meniere's disease.
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PMID:Use of streptomycin sulfate in the treatment of Meniere's disease. 642 80

This paper describes the author's 10-year experience using streptomycin sulfate in the treatment of Meniere's disease in the following: the classical Schuknecht ablation of the vestibular system in bilateral Meniere's disease (eight patients); the classical Schuknecht ablation of the vestibular system in unilateral Meniere's disease in the only hearing ear (five patients); the intratympanic treatment of unilateral Meniere's disease (four patients); and low dose intramuscular outpatient treatment in unilateral Meniere's disease (five patients). The results of bilateral vestibular ablation were similar to those obtained previously by Schuknecht and others: patients developed profound ataxia with a wide-based gait and oscillopsia, which improved rapidly over a period of months; approximately 30% of patients experienced significant improvement in hearing, which usually deteriorated again after several months; and all patients were relieved of vertigo. Patients with unilateral Meniere's disease in the only hearing ear responded similarly, and hearing was preserved in all cases. Intramuscular streptomycin ablation of the vestibular system is strongly recommended in place of surgery in the only hearing ear in Meniere's disease. Controlled intratympanic injection of streptomycin is not successful as yet because of difficulty in controlling the dose. Low dose subototoxic streptomycin treatment on an outpatient basis offers promise for relief of Meniere's attacks, and may improve hearing in some cases without producing the temporary disabling effects of ataxia and oscillopsia. Streptomycin and similar drugs which may reduce endolymph production may eventually be the treatment of choice for Meniere's disease.
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PMID:Streptomycin treatment for Meniere's disease. 643 80

Intramuscular dosages of streptomycin sulfate were titrated in eight patients with bilateral Meniere's disease in an attempt to alleviate disabling vertigo and hearing loss. It appears possible to eliminate the vertiginous episodes, preserve or improve hearing, and avoid ataxia and oscillopsia in most of these individuals. At present we consider this treatment regimen our first choice of therapy in people with bilateral active Meniere's disease or in patients whose only hearing ear is actively fluctuating and in whom associated disabling vertigo is present. Great caution and supervision should be exercised in the use of streptomycin titration therapy in the individual with bilateral Meniere's disease, as further experience is required to determine the efficacy of this form of management.
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PMID:Titration streptomycin therapy for bilateral Meniere's disease: a preliminary report. 643 66

Studies on the effects of PCP have been conducted in volunteers in the Army Laboratories and elsewhere and in illicit users. The present review has summarized the observations of many investigators which showed that the acute effects of PCP following several routes of administration were shown to be dose-related. High doses of PCP produce disturbing manifestations including psychosis, numbness, light-headedness, vertigo, ataxia, and nystagmus due to acute intoxication. Furthermore, some subjects became irritable, argumentative or negative under the conditions of social stress and demanding tasks. In addition to a variety of central action, PCP has also been shown to affect cardiovascular function, heat storage, and exercise performance. PCP can also induce, although rarely, prolonged toxic psychosis in chronic abusers and precipitate psychotic episodes in psychotic and prepsychotic personalities. Tolerance, but not physical dependence, develops to the effects of PCP. Psychologic dependence as indicated by craving for the drug has however been reported.
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PMID:Phencyclidine (PCP): some human studies. 651 53

Dizziness in childhood is not an infrequent symptom. Accurate history taking and close co-operation between otologist, paediatrician and neurologist are necessary in the approach to the dizzy child. Most cases of childhood dizziness settle in time and investigations should be carefully selected; those with severe and persistent dizziness or ataxia should be thoroughly investigated including: EEG, ENG, calorics and CT scan. The conditions causing dizziness in children are discussed and are illustrated with case histories from our series of 27 children. Dizziness of unknown aetiology, serous otitis media and benign paroxysmal vertigo were the most common diagnostic labels applied to our patients. Treatment is rarely necessary but dimenhydrinate or a labyrinthine sedative in those with troublesome vertigo, or the adjustment of the medical regime in those epileptics on phenytoin, may be beneficial. Surgical intervention is only required in those with an operable lesion.
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PMID:Dizziness in childhood. 654 Jun 35

The vestibulospinal aspect of the vestibular function has been neglected in the evaluation of a patient with balance troubles. The attention is focused on vertigo rather than on problems of instability and ataxia, whereas also the examination of the patient is based upon the evaluation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Recent technical progress allows us to assess the vestibulospinal reflex in the global balance regulation of the standing patient by means of posturography, i.e. the recording and micro-computer analysis of the postural sway. In this way a precise description of this function is obtained and can be used in the approach to the patient, especially for a functional follow-up.
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PMID:Evaluation of the vestibulospinal reflex by posturography. New perspectives in the otoneurology. 660 31


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