Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004134 (ataxia)
 15,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vertigo is a relatively uncommon pediatric complaint, with correct diagnosis made even more challenging by the patient's inherent difficulty in describing his or her symptoms. Confusion may exist among vertigo, dizziness, dysequilibrium, ataxia, pre-syncope or syncope, and seizure activity by both the pediatric patient and his or her family. A complete history and physical examination, as well as appropriate ancillary studies, may assist in clarifying the diagnosis. This paper attempts, via case report and literature review, to discuss the various etiologies of acute vertigo in the pediatric population, provide diagnostic clues, and evaluate some of the available diagnostic modalities.
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PMID:Childhood vertigo: a case report and review of the literature. 1152 79

Coricidin products seemed to be one of the over-the-counter medications being reportedly abused by adolescents, as observed from the Texas Poison Center Network data. This retrospective chart review investigated the occurrence of abuse, developed a patient profile, and defined the clinical effects resulting from the abuse of Coricidin products. Data collected from the Texas Poison Center Network Toxic Exposure Surveillance System database included human exposures between 1998 and 1999, patients > or = 10y old, intentional use or abuse, and single substance ingestion of I of the tablet formulations of Coricidin. Thirty-three cases from 1998 and 59 cases from 1999 were reviewed. Of these cases, 85% met the inclusion criteria. Of the 7 medications searched, only 4 substances were coded for: Coricidin D, Coricidin D (long acting), Coricidin D (cold, flu & sinus) and Coriciding HBP. These contain a combination of dextromethorphan hydrobromide, chlorpheniramine maleate, phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, and acetaminophen. Of the 78 cases, 63% were male and 38% were female. The mean age was 14.67 years, 77% being between 13 to 17 years old. Eighteen different symptoms were reported: tachycardia 50%, somnolence 24.4%, mydriasis and hypertension 16.7%, agitation 12.8%, disorientation 10.3%, slurred speech 9%, ataxia 6.4%, vomiting 5.1%, dry mouth and hallucinations 3.9%, tremor 2.6%, and headache, dizziness, syncope, seizure, chest pain, and nystagmus each 1.3%; 12.8% of the calls originated from the school nurse. The incidence of abuse reported increased 60% from 1998 to 1999. This worrisome trend suggests increased abuse of these products.
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PMID:A possible trend suggesting increased abuse from Coricidin exposures reported to the Texas Poison Network: comparing 1998 to 1999. 1204 73

Subclavian artery stenosis (SAS) is a rare lesion accounting for nearly 2.5% of all extracranial arterial occlusions. Symptoms from SAS usually relate to subclavian steal, and include syncope, vertigo, ataxia, and, rarely, upper limb paralysis or hemipareses. Upper extremity ischemia may result in intermittent or constant arm pain. The majority of patients with SAS are asymptomatic. Upper extremity ischemia is particularly unusual. More commonly, patients with significant SAS have symptoms of cerebral ischemia, which are usually triggered by vigorous motion of the arm on the side of the severe proximal subclavian obstruction. Stress exercise radionuclide imaging appears to be a valuable modality in determining the functional significance of SAS. We describe a case in which radionuclide imaging with thallium-201 after stress of the upper extremities was used for risk stratification of subclavian stenosis, and to help decide treatment options.
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PMID:Determining functional significance of subclavian artery stenosis using exercise thallium-201 stress imaging. 1644 Sep 26

Bajiaolian (Dysosma pleianthum), a species in the Mayapple family (Podophyllum pelatum), has been widely used as a traditional Chinese herbal medication for the remedies of snake bite, tumor growth, post-partum recovery, and acne. It has also been used in western medicine, especially topically for various skin lesions. Both oral ingestion and dermal application may result in severe toxicity. The clinical presentations reported after Bajiaolian poisoning include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, paralytic ileus, urinary retention, hepatorenal dysfunction, leukocytosis followed by leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, prolonged areflexia, prolonged paraethesia and sensory ataxia, dizziness, fever, memory impairment, hallucinations, paranoia, convulsion, fainting, and coma. There are no previous reports in the literature about the cessation of nail growth as a clinical presentation following Bajiaolian poisoning. We present a case of nail growth that was halted for more than seven years after a single case of Bajiaolian poisoning.
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PMID:Cessation of nail growth following Bajiaolian intoxication. 1785 56

The case of a 17-year-old girl with a history of headache, blurred vision, confusion, ataxia and syncope is presented. On admission, she had already recovered except for a slurring of speech. Her urine was found to be green. Screening for illegal drugs was negative, but gas chromatography with subsequent mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) revealed an extremely high concentration of flupirtine.
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PMID:A girl with headache, confusion and green urine. 1925 77

Varicella is an acute febrile, highly infectious disease. We describe the incidence and types of neurologic complications in children up to 16 years old. Hospitalized varicella cases were prospectively captured by active nationwide surveillance through the German Pediatric Surveillance Unit for Rare Diseases from January 2003 to December 2004. Neurologic complications occurred in 232 (25.4%) of 918 hospitalized children with varicella, and were the most frequent reason for hospitalization. The median age was 4.2 years (interquartile range 2.5-5.9). The median duration of hospital stay was 6 days (interquartile range 3-11). Neurologic complications were more frequent (P=0.054) in immunocompetent (32%) than immunocompromised (4%) children. The most frequent diagnoses comprised acute cerebellar ataxia in 72 (31.0%), febrile convulsion in 69 (29.7%), meningoencephalitis in 52 (22.4%), cerebral convulsions in 21 (9.1%), syncope in 9 (3.9%), and cerebral vasculitis/infarction in 6 (2.6%) of all children with neurologic complications. Twenty-eight (12%) demonstrated sequelae (18 with ataxia, four with epilepsy, two with hemiparesis, three with cerebral nerve palsy, and one with dysesthesia). Three patients died. The yearly incidence of neurologic varicella-associated hospitalizations was estimated at 2.4 neurologic complications per 100,000 children, corresponding to about one neurologic complication in 2000 varicella cases.
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PMID:Neurologic varicella complications before routine immunization in Germany. 2000 61

Subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) is caused by hypoplasia of a vertebral artery or stenosis or occlusion of the subclavian artery or the brachiocephalic artery with subsequent retrograde filling of the subclavian artery via the contralateral vertebral artery. Symptoms of SSS are due to vertbrobasilar insufficiency or ischemia of the ipsilateral upper extremity, and they may include dizziness, syncope, ataxia, arm claudication, hand numbness or a decrease in brachial blood pressure on the affected side. However, most SSS cases are asymptomatic and they are classified as subclavian steal phenomenon (SSP). Atherosclerosis is the common cause of SSS, and Takayasu arteritis, neurofibromatosis, trauma, embolization, congenital vascular anomalies and surgical interruption of the subclavian artery can be identified among the other causes. We describe a rare case of hypervascular thyroid nodule presenting with features of SSP. The patient was hospitalized with acute cerebral infarction due to middle cerebral artery (MCA) severe stenosis. The patient had conservative therapy in the acute stage, and underwent STA-MCA anastomosis for MCA stenosis in the chronic stage. SSS was asymptomatic although there was laterality in blood pressure in the patient's bilateral upper limbs. Thyroid tumor was regarded as benign by radiological findings, laboratory data, and physical examination. If SSS becomes symptomatic, removal of the thyroid tumor may be indicated.
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PMID:[Subclavian steal phenomenon associated with hypervascular thyroid tumor]. 2052 19

Pineal cyst apoplexy is a very rare entity with previously reported symptoms of severe frontal or occipital headache, gaze paresis and visual field defects, nausea or vomiting, syncope, ataxia, hearing loss and sudden death. The treatment options for symptomatic pineal cysts are observation, shunting, aspiration via stereotactic guidance or endoscopy, third ventriculostomy, ventriculocysternostomy, and/or surgical resection by craniotomy and microsurgery. Here, the authors report an unusual case of a 28-year-old male patient with pineal cyst apoplexy, presenting with headache, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction symptoms who is being managed conservatively and observed for two years by an academic tertiary care unit.
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PMID:Pineal cyst apoplexy: report of an unusual case managed conservatively. 2221 92

In the type of heat illness, several medical terms such as heat syncope, heat cramp, heat exhaustion, heat stroke are included. But their Japanese medical terms are neither unified nor clearly defined. To eliminate this problem, the new classification for heat illness is proposed. By the severity of heat illness, they are divided into three grades. Grade I is corresponded to heat cramp and heat syncope. Grade III is corresponded to heat stroke, and used for any one of the three following clinical findings, (1) Central nervous system dysfunction, i.e., consciousness disturbance, seizure, ataxia. (2) Liver and kidney dysfunction. (3) Clotting disorder, i.e., DIC. This classification can be beneficial not only to the diagnosis in the hospital, but also to the early detection and management of heat illness in the field.
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PMID:[Classification of heat illness]. 2269 May 95

Pneumocephalus is a clinical condition caused by dysbarism, trauma, and iatrogenic causes. The most common iatrogenic causes of pneumocephalus are major interventions as a neurosurgery and cardiovascular operations, endoscopy, and minor interventions as a peripheral and central venous access. Especially during insertion of central venous line and intravenous drug and fluid infusion, the venous air embolism may occur in emergency department. In these patients, retrograde pneumocephalus occurs as a result of the air entering the right atrium to the brain. Clinical effects of the air delivery rates are known to be more specific than the total amount of air. In general, intravenous administration of 300 to 500 mL air in the speed of 100 mL/min is considered to be lethal. Large amounts of air embolism can cause hypotension and acute circulatory collapse with intracardiac obstruction. The most common symptoms of venous air embolism are anxiety, dyspnea, chest pain, cyanosis, tachycardia, tachypnea, headache, confusion, agitation, syncope, slurred speech, blurred vision, seizures, and ataxia. The mortality of pneumocephalus caused by central venous catheters in patients presented with symptoms of focal neurologic was 8%, whereas the mortality of pneumocephalus in patients presented with encephalopathy was 36%. In our report, a case of pneumocephalus secondary to disconnection of catheter cap in chronic renal failure patient who has hemodialysis via catheter has been presented.
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PMID:Retrograde cerebral air embolism. 2499 85


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