Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004134 (ataxia)
 15,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The literature contains about 500 cases of equine leucosis, though the reports are deposited in a great number of journals and vary considerably concerning particular topics. During the last years there has been a remarkable increase of publications about this syndrome in the equine. The clinical leucosis key recommended by us has been confirmed in principle considering the latest literature. In about 70 individual symptoms which can be clinically observed in equine with leucosis 11 can be considered as main symptoms because of their frequency; they are again classified in primary (lymph node tumours including splenomegaly--loss of condition, weakness--cachexia, weight loss, periphery oedema), secondary (anorexia, inappetence--fever--paleness of mucous membrane--anaemia--tachycardia) and accessory (incoordination--tachypnoea, dyspnoea--apathy, lethargy) main symptoms. Furthermore in future it will be necessary to take into more consideration the symptoms "recurrent colic" and "hydrothorax" within differential diagnosis. The main symptom "incoordination" (ataxia, asynergy, paresis, paralysis) is used by us more precisely only in case of impairment of nervous system by neoplastic infiltrations and does not signify as possible symptoms of general physical weakness, for example faltering, staggering, tumbling or lameness. The morphological classification follows further on our previous recommendation. There exist generalized forms with tumour infiltrations in abdominal and in thoracic cavity as well as especially in peripheral lymph nodes. On the other hand there are characteristic manifestations in certain regions of the body, which establish distinctly the clinical symptomatology. They are marked as regional multicentric forms with the main localizations "mediastinal", "splenic", "mesenteric" or "intestinal".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Clinical diagnostic keys and special manifestations in equine leukosis]. 195 30

Two clinically different episodes of nitrate toxicosis in heifers at the same dairy were evaluated to determine whether dietary supplements could have contributed to the confounding signs of illness. The first episode followed a 24-hour period of feeding mismanagement and resultant overconsumption of both a protein/nonprotein nitrogen supplement and a monensin supplement. This episode was characterized by ataxia, bloating, and death, without the classic clinical signs of dyspnea, salivation, cyanosis, and dark-colored blood, or the cardinal histologic changes of cyanosis, tissue staining, petechiations, or congestion. Approximately 5 weeks later, another episode developed, without the feeding mismanagement or the presence of supplements, and was characterized by classic signs of nitrate toxicosis along with response to methylene blue treatment. In both episodes, the feed source was the same, with high concentrations of nitrate. Heifers of both episodes had high ocular nitrate values, confirming the toxicoses. The difference was the availability of supplements. Calculation of exposure makes it unlikely that either the nonprotein moiety or the monensin moiety could have reached toxic values. However, the cell-level effects of monensin may have caused the animals to not display classic signs of nitrate toxicosis, confusing the diagnosis and treatment. This report demonstrates how field toxicosis can differ from reports of toxicoses caused by single etiologic agents. Practitioners must be aware of the potential for interactions between (and confounding by) commercially used feed components.
 ...
PMID:Forage-related nitrate toxicoses possibly confounded by nonprotein nitrogen and monensin in the diet used at a commercial dairy heifer replacement operation. 202 41

Review of all reports involving anthelmintics in dogs and cats to the IAPIC between January 1, 1986 and August 10, 1988, revealed that ivermectin (extra-label use) and piperazine accounted for over 50% of the calls assessed as toxicoses and suspected toxicoses. Both ivermectin and piperazine are gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists and their major effects appear to be on the central nervous system. Ivermectin toxicoses at estimated doses of greater than or equal to 100-less than 500 micrograms/kg were reported more than once only in the collies (n = 25) and Australian shepherds (n = 10); these two breeds accounted for 46% (69 of 150) of the toxicoses and suspected toxicoses calls in dogs. Ataxia, behavioral disturbances, tremors, mydriasis, weakness/recumbency, apparent blindness, hypersalivation/drooling (dogs only), and coma were the most commonly reported clinical signs in dogs and cats with suspected ivermectin toxicoses. Shock, dyspnea, vomiting, and ataxia were the most common clinical signs attributed to the microfilaricidal activity of ivermectin. Piperazine was the anthelmintic with the greatest number of reports of toxicoses and suspected toxicoses in cats. Piperazine neurotoxicity in cats and dogs usually was manifested by muscle tremors, ataxia, and/or behavioral disturbances within 24 hours after estimated daily dose(s) between 20 and 110 mg/kg.
 ...
PMID:Ivermectin and piperazine toxicoses in dogs and cats. 218 Jan 89

A 13-year-old boy, with no past medical history, was admitted after a car accident on October 29, 1989. On admission, he was alert. Physical examination revealed a bruise on the left frontal region, a fracture of right clavicula and right hemopneumothorax. He was treated with respirator due to dyspnea. On November 1, 1989, he was removed from respirator and expressed diplopia. Neurological examination showed bilateral ptosis, mild anisocoria, normal light reflex and horizontal gaze nystagmus in lateral gaze. Both eyes were deviated outward slightly in the primary position and showed inability to converge. The external ocular movements of both eyes were mildly limited in elevation and adduction. Ataxia was observed in bilateral upper extremities. Deep reflexes were normal and no pathological reflexes were observed. Brain CT scans showed no abnormality. On November 6, 1989, his ptosis and diplopia improved. On November 8, he was completely recovered. A magnetic resonance imaging on November 10 revealed no abnormality. We suggested that transient dysfunction of midbrain associated with head injury might cause transient bilateral primary oculomotor nerve paresis, nystagmus and ataxia.
 ...
PMID:[A case of transient bilateral primary oculomotor nerve paresis associated with head injury]. 224 37

Aminoglutethimide (AG) was administered as palliative therapy in 112 patients with metastatic breast cancer. In 36 patients, the dose level was 1000 mg/day; 76 patients received a dose level of 500 mg/day. Patients with brain or liver metastasis were excluded, as were patients with tumors determined to be negative for estrogen receptors. Objective regression was observed in 35 (31%) patients, with the duration of response ranging from 4 to 36 + months (mean, 12 months; median, 10 months). Response was observed in 11 of 31 (35%) patients with soft tissue metastasis; 16/59 (27%) patients with osseous metastasis; and 8 of 22 (36%) having visceral metastasis. In 93 patients with positive estrogen receptor (ER), 33 responded (35%), whereas in 19 patients with unknown ER status, two responded (11%). Response to previous treatment with tamoxifen (TAM) had occurred in 31 patients; of these, response to AG was noted in 11 (35%). Of 24 patients failing to respond to prior treatment with tamoxifen, four (17%) responded to subsequent therapy with AG. Thirteen patients had previously received combination chemotherapy, and response to AG was noted in two (15%). The side effects observed in this study included skin rash in ten patients, fever in eight, somnolence in three, weakness and dizziness in one, headache in one, insomnia in one, dyspnea in one, and ataxia in one. Treatment had to be discontinued in eight patients, due to the severity of the side effects. As expected, patients receiving AG at the lower dose level of 500 mg/day experienced fewer and less severe side effects than those treated with the higher dose. The response rate in the 1000 mg/day group was 10/36 (28%) and in the 500 mg/day group, it was 25/76 (33%). The lower dosage was better tolerated without apparent compromise in therapeutic efficacy.
 ...
PMID:Aminoglutethimide in patients with metastatic breast cancer. 246 35

The antiepileptic effect of lamotrigine (LTG) was assessed in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in 24 adult patients with refractory partial seizures. LTG or placebo was added to existing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The dose of LTG varied from 75 to 400 mg daily. Three patients did not complete the trial. One was withdrawn from the trial with ataxia, tiredness, dyspnea, and diplopia while receiving LTG and died 18 days later of invasive carcinoma involving the liver. A second patient was withdrawn during baseline for contravening admission criteria, and a third received LTG in error during both treatment periods. Twenty-one patients (12 men and 9 women) completed the trial. An analysis of seizure counts in the 12-week treatment period with LTG showed a statistically significant reduction in seizures as compared with placebo for total seizures (p less than 0.002), partial seizures (p less than 0.002), and secondarily generalized seizures (p less than 0.05). The analysis of total seizure days showed a significant reduction during LTG treatment (p less than 0.002). There were no statistically significant changes in plasma concentrations of phenytoin (PHT), carbamazepine (CBZ), primidone (PRM), or phenobarbital (PB) between the two treatment periods. The most common adverse events reported during the trial were diplopia, drowsiness, tiredness, ataxia, and headache, but although these were more frequent during LTG treatment, the differences from placebo were not statistically significant. No hematological or biochemical changes were noted.
 ...
PMID:Controlled trial of lamotrigine (Lamictal) for refractory partial seizures. 249 73

Charles Foster male and female rats were exposed only once to 3.52 and 35.32 ppm doses of methyl isocyanate in separate experiments for 10 min each in an acute toxicity study, while in subacute toxicity experiments, they were exposed to 0.212, 0.265, and 0.349 ppm doses for 30 min daily, for 6 days, by inhalation. Clinical signs, mortality, body and organ weights, and changes in hematology and clinical pathology were routinely monitored to determine the principal organ sites damaged on exposure to the gas. During exposure, animals were observed to have congestion in eyes, lachrymation, nasal secretion and dyspnea, progressively increasing ataxia, and immobility. Uncoordinated movements were also observed, indicating effects on the nervous system. Upon microscopic examination of the viscera, pathological findings confined to bronchial tree, lung parenchyma, liver, and kidneys were observed.
 ...
PMID:Acute and subacute toxicity study of inhaled methyl isocyanate in Charles Foster rats. 277 90

The effects of eight neuroleptic drugs injected into the cerebral ventricles on behavior, autonomic and motor activity of unanesthetized cats have been studied. Chlorpromazine, trifluorpromazine, droperidol, haloperidol, domperidone and spiperone induced emotional behavior (restlessness, miaowing, rage, attack, defense, fighting with paws, biting), autonomic (mydriasis, tachypnoea, dyspnoea, panting, salivation, defecation, urination, licking, vomiting) and motor (ataxia, muscular weakness, adynamia) phenomena. The main and the most consistent effect was the motor impairment, while the aggression was inconsistent and of moderate intensity. Of the neuroleptic drugs injected, only spiperone, domperidone and trifluorpromazine produced a dose-dependent motor impairment. The autonomic effects were also inconsistent and of low intensity. Metoclopramide induced inconsistent autonomic and motor effects, while sulpiride was devoid of any visible behavioral, autonomic and motor activity. It appears, therefore, that the motor impairment as well as the aggression caused by the neuroleptic drugs is perhaps related to central D-1 rather than to central D-2 dopamine receptors, but an effect on central norepinephrine and on central serotonin receptors cannot be excluded.
 ...
PMID:Behavioral, autonomic and motor effects of neuroleptic drugs in cats: motor impairment and aggression. 286 89

Effects of a single IM injection of selenium-vitamin E (Se-E; 5 mg of Se + 68 IU of alpha-tocopherol/60 kg of body weight) as a pretreatment 14 days before an oral dose of aflatoxin B1 (1.0 mg/kg) were studied in 24 dairy calves. Treatment groups were designated as follows: group 1 = no Se-E or aflatoxin B1 (control); group 2 = Se-E supplementation only; group 3 = aflatoxin B1 dose only; and group 4 = Se-E supplementation before aflatoxin B1 dose. Clinical signs of toxicosis in aflatoxin B1-treated calves included anorexia, ataxia, rough haircoats, increased respiration rates, dyspnea, dehydration, and nasal discharge. Packed-cell volume, RBC, WBC, and hemoglobin were increased in aflatoxin-treated calves. Significant increases in serum aspartate aminotransferase (P less than 0.05) and gamma-glutamyl-transferase (P less than 0.001) activities and prothrombin times (P less than 0.001) were observed in aflatoxin-treated calves, indicating that there was hepatic involvement. Although aflatoxin exposure caused a significant decrease in body weight (P less than 0.01) and feed intake (P less than 0.001) in treatment groups 3 and 4, Se was demonstrated to interact significantly (P less than 0.001) with aflatoxin B1 for feed intake, causing an improved feed intake in treatment group 4 calves.
 ...
PMID:Aflatoxin B1 toxicosis in dairy calves pretreated with selenium-vitamin E. 308 Sep 29

We report 3 cases of posterior fossa subdural effusion resulting from head trauma, and we review 20 previously reported cases. All patients with the acute type presented with progressive deterioration of consciousness associated with stiff neck, seizure, and dyspnea (apnea). By contrast, in the subacute or chronic type, persistent headache, multiple cranial nerve pareses, and ataxia were characteristic. Occipital bone fracture was common in the acute type, and supratentorial subdural effusion was more frequently associated with the subacute or chronic type. Evacuation of the subdural fluid collection through a burr hole is the most common and effective treatment, but subdural-peritoneal shunting or closed drainage of the subdural fluid collection may be necessary. The prognosis of posterior fossa subdural effusion after head trauma is relatively good.
 ...
PMID:Posterior fossa subdural effusion due to head trauma. 317 66


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>