Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004134 (ataxia)
 15,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Low-dose continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (LDCI-FU) was administered to 28 women with advanced breast carcinoma. Daily doses ranged from 175 to 250 mg/m2. The LDCI-FU was delivered continuously until the appearance of toxicity and was reinstituted at a 20% dose reduction after toxicity completely resolved. Patients with a median age of 56 years and a median performance status of 60% (Karnofsky) had been previously treated with combination chemotherapy. Complete responses were observed in two patients with soft tissue metastases. Thirteen patients experienced partial responses with a median duration of response of 4+ months. Partial responses were predominantly observed in soft tissue disease; however, five patients with visceral metastases experienced partial tumor regression. Median survival for the study group was 4+ months. Hormonal receptor status did not predict response to LDCI-FU. Toxicities included stomatitis, ten patients; hand-foot syndrome, eight patients; mild leukopenia, two patients; moderate thrombocytopenia, two patients; diarrhea, three patients; ataxia, three patients. Catheter-related toxicities of sepsis and/or thrombosis occurred in six patients. Because of the demonstrated activity in previously treated patients (53% response rate), LDCI-FU should be investigated in combination chemotherapy regimens in untreated breast cancer patients.
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PMID:Low-dose continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil. Evaluation in advanced breast carcinoma. 291 20

Daily doses of 6-aminonicotinamide (3-5 mg/kg) given by ip injection produced ataxia of the hind limbs progressing to an ascending paresis/paralysis, anorexia, diarrhoea and death in male and female New Zealand White and Dutch Belted rabbits. At autopsy, caecal and gastric distention were seen and the apex of the gall bladder had necrotic foci. Light microscopic lesions included atrophy and necrosis of the white lobe of Harder's gland and atrophy of seminiferous tubules with cellular necrosis, vacuolation and the presence of multinucleated giant cells. Cytoplasmic vacuolation was observed in epithelial cells from many tissues, usually in the basal portion of the cells. Vacuolation of the epithelium of the sacculus rotundus and vermiform appendix was found within the same time frame as histiocytic hyperplasia in these organs. Spongiosis and gliosis were seen in certain parts of the central nervous system. Ultrastructural alterations in the gall bladder epithelium consisted of distention of intercellular space, mild distention of perinuclear space and coalescing, intracytoplasmic, membrane-bound vacuoles, a few of which contained membranous debris. Some alterations of 6-aminonicotinamide toxicosis were prevented by simultaneous administration of nicotinamide with 6-aminonicotinamide.
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PMID:Pathology of 6-aminonicotinamide toxicosis in the rabbit. 293 36

Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated from a fatal case of haemorrhagic colitis with haemolytic uraemic syndrome and neurological symptoms. This strain induced diarrhoea and neurological symptoms including incoordination, ataxia, and convulsions in piglets after oral inoculation. Similar neurological signs were seen in piglets inoculated intraperitoneally with bacterial extracts containing a shiga-like toxin that is elaborated by the bacteria. Histological examination of the brains from these piglets showed vascular damage and small infarcts confined to the cerebellum. Comparable lesions were also seen in the brain of the child from whom E coli O157:H7 was isolated. We suggest that the cerebral changes in the piglets and in the patient were caused by the shiga-like toxin elaborated by E coli O157:H7. The shiga-like toxin is thought to cause neurological abnormalities by damage to cerebral blood vessels rather than by a direct effect on the neurones.
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PMID:Cerebral infection with Escherichia coli O157:H7 in humans and gnotobiotic piglets. 305 80

Five Holstein cows developed a sudden clinical syndrome of ataxia, muscle tremors, recumbency, and bloody diarrhea. The pond where these cows obtained water contained a near pure culture of Microcystis aeruginosa, a toxic blue-green algae. All cows affected were treated with activated charcoal, procaine penicillin, glucose, and calcium and magnesium gluconate. All 5 cows were clinically normal ten days later. Many practicing veterinarians regard blue-green algae toxicosis as a rare syndrome that results in rapid death for consuming animals; however, this toxicosis may be common and not lethal. Because no diagnostic test is available for blue-green algae toxicosis, this condition rarely is diagnosed.
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PMID:Blue-green algae toxicosis in five dairy cows. 311 31

Two incidents of toxin-type food poisoning in N.E. Scotland associated with the consumption of red whelks (Neptunea antiqua) are described. Four patients developed symptoms within 1 h of consuming whole whelks. These included visual disturbances--double vision and difficulty in focusing--tingling of the fingers, prostration and in one subject nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and ataxia. In all cases recovery was complete in 24 h. Using a newly developed analytical technique the concentration of the causative toxin, tetramine, in the salivary glands of the whelks consumed was estimated at 0.07%, equivalent to a content of 3.75 mg/100 g of the shellfish.
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PMID:Food poisoning due to the consumption of red whelks (Neptunea antiqua). 318 22

A number of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from sporadic cases of hemorrhagic colitis in the United States over the last 5 yr were shown to belong to serogroups other than O157:H7-the serotype originally implicated in this disease. Experimental infection of gnotobiotic piglets with five such strains (0111:NM, 0145:NM, 045:H2, 04:NM, and Ound:NM) caused diarrhea resulting from mucosal lesions in the cecum and colon that were indistinguishable from those previously described in piglets infected with E. coli O157:H7. This suggests that, as with other categories of pathogenic E. coli, several serotypes cause hemorrhagic colitis in humans. The five E. coli strains that were compared with one O157:H7 strain and with an enteropathogenic calf strain (serotype 05:NM) caused a spectrum of disease ranging from moderate diarrhea (O157:H7) to severe illness (including septicemia and death) (0111:NM). Characteristic lesions, which were identical for all seven pathogenic strains, included bacterial attachment, effacement of the microvillus border, and dissolution of the cell membranes of surface and glandular epithelium, resulting in complete cell destruction. Some piglets exhibited neurologic signs of convulsions and ataxia. It is concluded that a number of E. coli serotypes, in addition to O157:H7, fulfill the present limited criteria for enterohemorrhagic E. coli, which include association with hemorrhagic colitis, production of one or more verotoxins, possession of a large plasmid (50-70 megadaltons), and induction of distinct mucosal lesions in the large bowel of gnotobiotic piglets.
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PMID:Studies in gnotobiotic piglets on non-O157:H7 Escherichia coli serotypes isolated from patients with hemorrhagic colitis. 327 73

Stated are the values of the basic microelements in fallow deer in the region of Northeast Bulgaria as established through biogeochemical analysis. In unfavourable years metabolism is disturbed resulting in lowering the defense mechanism of the body. A number of bacterial species, and, more specifically, Escherichia coli increase their virulence and cause gastrointestinal disorders and diseases. Copper, selenium, and arsenic deficiency lead to endemic ataxia with characteristic clinical symptoms--the so-called spring diarrhea and endemic paresis. The Microsal Nesse polymicroelement preparation has been tested to prevent diseases as applied to the drinking water and to the forest and fruit silage. It contributes to strengthening the resistance of fallow deer, lowering the chronic diseases of the lungs, stomach, and intestines as well as to improving the shooting trophies.
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PMID:[Diseases of the fallow deer in northeastern Bulgaria and their prevention]. 354 70

The currently recognized toxic effects of quinine in humans are identified and the problems of management of overdosage of quinine are discussed. Quinine, available therapeutically as sulphate or hydrochloride salts, also is widely used in tonic water, and there are several case reports of allergic reactions to the drug when a patient has consumed the drug in this way. Another unintentional source of poisoning is its use as an adulterant in heroin for "street" use. This appears to be a problem in the US. Quinine, termed a "general protoplasmic poison" is toxic to many bacteria, yeasts, and trypanosomes, as well as to malarial plasmodia. Quinine has local anesthetic action but also is an irritant. The irritant effects may be responsible in part for the nausea associated with its clinical use. In addition it has a mild antipyretic effect. Several features are common to both an acute single overdose in self-poisoning and accumulation of quinine during therapy for malaria: together they are termed cinchonism. Auditory symptoms, gastrointestinal disturbances, vasodilatation, sweating, and headache occur with moderately elevated plasma quinine concentration. As these rise, increasingly severe visual disturbances and then cardiac and neurologic features occur. Mild nausea may be the only symptom, but with large overdoses profuse vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea may occur. These result from a combination of the local irritant effect of quinine on the gut and the central effects of quinine on the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Vasodilatation and sweating are well recognized, and tinnitus is common. Visual symptoms usually are delayed, and blindness may not be discovered for a day or more. Aspirin-sensitive patients, and others, may develop angioedema by nonimmunological mechanisms in response to drugs, and quinine has been reported to produce pseudo-allergic reactions in aspirin-sensitive patients. Quinine also can cause drug-induced thrombocytopenia and purpura. In patients suffering with malaria due to "Plasmodium falciparum," anemia and acute intravascular hemolysis with renal failure are recognized complications. There appears to be little evidence in the literature in support of the folk tradition of quinine as an inducer of abortion. Quinine is known to cause deterioration in patients with myasthenia gravis and erythema multiforme, to stimulate insulin release in patients receiving treatment for falicparum malaria, and to be responsible at times for ataxia following moderate overdosage. Clinically, quinine poisoning is observed in 3 situations: self-poisoning; accidentally; and following use of quinine in excessive doses in the hope of achieving abortion. Treatment courses are reviewed.
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PMID:Quinine toxicity. 354 70

The sequential development of the clinical signs and lesions in the organs of Nubian goats fed on Aristolochia bracteata (Um Galagel) and Cadaba rotundifolia (Kurmut) and their mixture in certain proportions was studied. Kidney and liver function was tested and the results correlated with pathological and clinical changes. Diarrhea, dyspnea, tympany, arching of the back, and loss of condition and hair from the back were the prominent signs of Aristolochia poisoning in goats. The main pathological changes were hemorrhages in the lungs, heart and kidneys, fatty change and congestion in the liver, catarrhal abomasitis and enteritis, and straw-colored fluid in serous cavities. An increase in GOT activity and ammonia and urea concentrations, and a decrease in the concentrations of total protein and magnesium were detected in the serum of Aristolochia-poisoned goats. The clinical signs in goats fed with C rotundifolia were pronounced depression, diarrhea, frothing at the mouth, dyspnea, ataxia, loss of condition and recumbency. The lesions consisted of diffuse hemorrhage in the abomasum, heart and lungs, catarrhal enteritis, erosions on the intestinal mucous membrane, degeneration and/or necrosis of the cells of the renal tubules, and fatty change and necrosis in the liver. These changes were correlated with those in the serum constituents and blood cells. The effects of A bracteata and C rotundifolia were additive in goats.
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PMID:The combined toxicity of Aristolochia bracteata and Cadaba rotundifolia to goats. 357 45

A 12-year-old Thoroughbred mare, with a history of anorexia, dramatic weight loss, fluctuating pyrexia and intermittent diarrhoea after an episode of colic, was presented for examination with depression, emaciation and ataxia. Thoracic and abdominal paracenteses yielded copious quantities of inflammatory exudate. Palpation per rectum revealed an enlarged spleen. The primary alterations in haematology included a severe leucocytosis with a left shift, and a hyperproteinaemia characterised by hypoalbuminaemia and hypergammaglobulinaemia. Post-mortem examination revealed a low grade pleurisy and peritonitis with fluid accumulation in both cavities. A suppurative gastritis with full thickness perforations of the stomach wall associated with Gasterophilus intestinalis larvae had extended to the juxtaposed organ initiating an extensive suppurative splenitis. Streptococcus zooepidemicus was cultured.
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PMID:Suppurative splenitis and peritonitis in a horse after gastric ulceration caused by larvae of Gasterophilus intestinalis. 363 94


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