Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004134 (ataxia)
 15,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous reports have indicated that alpha-MSH release inhibiting hormone (MIF-1) increased the behavior occurring as a result of the dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) potentiation test [3,7]. This study was undertaken to see whether dopamine (DA) or norepinephrine (NE) levels likewise increased in the test animals. The DOPA potentiation test was performed as follows: 2-4 hr before behavior measurement, 40 mg/kg of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline HCl was given orally. Two hr later this was followed by the intraperitoneal (IP) injection of MIF-1 at doses of 0.1, 0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg. Behavioral measurement was begun after the IP injection of 200 mg/kg of dl-DOPA 1-2 hr after the MIF-1. The parameters included social interaction, aggressiveness, fighting, ataxia, jumping, defecation, urination and salivation. The animals were beheaded while the behavior was still increased and the striatal area removed, placed in aluminum foil, and kept at -50 degrees C until assayed. In general, especially among the younger animals, a significant correlation (p=0.05 to p=0.01) was found between the increased behavioral responses to MIF-I and the rise in DA. Because of a few exceptions to this correlation the possibility is suggested that MIF-I might also affect behavior by acting directly on the postsynaptic membrane thus bypassing any change in NE or DA which is known to increase cycli AMP in the striatum.
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PMID:Possible association of increased rat behavioral effects and increased striatal dopamine and norepinephrine levels during the DOPA-potentiation test. 1 11

The psychotropic effect of Elroquil has been studied in 13 cats (8 of them having electrodes implanted in the hypothalamus). Diazepam was used as the reference drug. By electrical stimulation of the brain structures various states of excitation, such as rage, anxiety, restlessness and negation could be provoked. Evaluation was made by a scoring scale and multivector analysis. When administered in doses of 15--20 mg/kg, Elroquil had a reliable tranquilizing effect, without any negation occurring. Only in doses of 40 mg/kg had aggressiveness and rage to be subdued. However, a neurosis-like condition could not be managed. Characteristically, Elroquil neither changed the group behavior of the animals, nor eliminated conflict situations. Ataxia was not stimulated. The vegetative correlation of emotional strain was changed in length but not in intensity.
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PMID:[Psychotropic effect of Elroquil]. 57 24

This study represents a secondary data analysis of two double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trials of lithium, performed to contrast side effects associated with lithium administration to those associated with placebo. The sample consisted of 91 hospitalized children, aged 5.12 to 12.92 years (mean 9.16), diagnosed as having conduct disorder characterized by severe aggressiveness and explosiveness. Daily doses of lithium ranged from 250 to 2100 mg. During the entire treatment period, more side effects were seen in the lithium group than in the placebo group, whereas during the therapeutic dose period, the difference between side effects in the two groups diminished. The most common side effects seen exclusively with lithium administration included enuresis, fatigue, and ataxia. Increased aggressiveness was observed in 4 children who received placebo. Vomiting, headache, and stomachache were the most common side effects experienced by patients in both lithium and placebo groups. However, more patients experienced these side effects in the lithium group than in the placebo group.
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PMID:Side effects associated with lithium and placebo administration in aggressive children. 148 Jul 37

1. The anticonvulsant potency of vigabatrin (gamma-vinyl GABA, GVG) was studied in an open trial in a group of 21 mentally handicapped patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. 2. With this treatment one third of these patients had more than 50% reduction in seizure frequency. The anticonvulsant effect appeared during the first month of therapy and was maintained during a 7-month study. The side effects were mild: mainly tiredness, aggressiveness, and ataxia. Other anticonvulsant drugs remained at baseline levels during GVG therapy. GVG was not found to modulate EEG recordings. 3. According to our results, GVG is effective for treating intractable epilepsy in mentally handicapped patients.
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PMID:Vigabatrin in epilepsy in mentally retarded patients. 275 2

D-Lactate-associated encephalopathy is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by dizziness, ataxia, confusion, headaches, memory loss, lethargy, and aggressiveness which may progress to frank but reversible coma. It occurs in patients with profound dysfunction of the short-bowel syndrome and is believed to result from massive carbohydrate malabsorption with resultant over-production of D-lactate and other organic anions by the colonic flora. Extremely elevated serum levels of D-lactate (but not L-lactate) confirm the diagnosis, but currently D-lactate is not clearly established as the putative neurotoxin. We describe a patient who repeatedly developed D-lactate encephalopathy after surgical removal of nearly the entire jejunum and ileum. Markedly elevated D-lactate serum levels were documented during an encephalopathic episode. Potential pathophysiologic mechanisms and the treatment rationale are discussed.
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PMID:D-lactate-associated encephalopathy after massive small-bowel resection. 276 Apr 34

A study was undertaken on the effects of kainic acid lesioning on the nodulus of the rat cerebellum on behavior and various brain receptors in conscious, freely moving rats. The basis for the study was the observation that barrel rotation and other motor effects induced by intraventricular administration of vasopressin and nicotine could be elicited by their administration into the nodular area of the cerebellum. Histology revealed a marked destruction of Purkinje, stellate, and Golgi cells in the area surrounding the site of kainate administration, with little effect on the granular cells. Immediately after administering 4-12 ng of kainic acid into the nodular cerebellum, rats exhibited circling movements, barrel rotation, and clonic convulsions accompanied by stereotypic head movements, aggressiveness, and gnawing-biting; effects gradually diminishing over 3 days. Receptor binding studies 4-14 days after kainate lesioning revealed a marked increase in 3H-nicotine and 3H-QNB binding in the surrounding cerebellar region, caudate nucleus, and hypothalamus, with no change in 3H-dihydromorphine binding. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that nicotinic and muscarinic pathways in the vestibular cerebellum, along with its connection to nigrostriatal dopaminergic systems, are involved in the mediation of barrel rotation, ataxia, and other motor disturbances resulting from administration of vasopressin on nicotine intraventricularly.
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PMID:Behavior and receptor changes after kainate lesioning of nodular cerebellum. 302 7

We studied the antiepileptic potency of vigabatrin (gamma-vinyl GABA, GVG) as an open trial in a group of 36 mentally handicapped patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (30 had seizures of partial onset and 6 had primary generalized [PG] tonic-clonic convulsions). With this treatment, 13 (43%) of the patients with seizures of partial onset and 2 (33%) with PG had more than 50% reduction in seizure frequency. The antiepileptic effect appeared during the first month of therapy and continued throughout the 7-month study. The side effects were mild: tiredness, aggressiveness, and ataxia. Other antiepileptic drugs remained at baseline levels during GVG therapy. GVG did not alter EEG recordings. Our results suggest that GVG is effective for treatment of intractable epilepsy, especially the partial type, in mentally retarded patients. Longer follow-up is needed, however, to determine that the clinical effect is maintained and that no severe side effects appear.
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PMID:Effect of vigabatrin on epilepsy in mentally retarded patients: a 7-month follow-up study. 336 72

An acute limbic-cerebellar syndrome was seen in six industrial workers who inhaled trimethyltin (TMT). Clinical features included hearing loss, disorientation, confabulation, amnesia, aggressiveness, hyperphagia, disturbed sexual behavior, complex partial and tonic-clonic seizures, nystagmus, ataxia, and mild sensory neuropathy. Severity paralleled maximal urinary organotin levels. One patient died and two remained seriously disabled.
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PMID:Acute trimethyltin limbic-cerebellar syndrome. 358 45

We studied the aggressive behaviour induced by repeated treatment with apomorphine, a dopamine agonist (0.5 mg/kg s.c. twice daily, 10 days), in rats. The first signs of defensive aggressiveness appeared on the third day of apomorphine treatment and were generally seen on the 7th day. Aggressiveness induced by a challenge dose of apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg s.c.) on the 11th day was antagonized by haloperidol (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg i.p.) and clozapine (10 mg/kg i.p.). An antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-gated channels, dizocilpine (MK-801), also blocked the aggressive behaviour at 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg i.p. but caused ataxia. When dizocilpine (0.25 mg/kg i.p.) and apomorphine were coadministered for 10 days, aggressive behaviour did not develop. At 0.025 mg/kg i.p., dizocilpine even accelerated the appearance of apomorphine-induced aggressive behaviour, which manifested on the 3rd day in all rats. In a separate study, a 7-day treatment with dizocilpine (0.25-1 mg/kg i.p.) of rats, sensitized by a prior 10-day apomorphine treatment, did not reverse the established aggressive behaviour. The coadministration of apomorphine and cholecystokinin (CCK) -A or -B antagonists, devazepide or L-365,260 (0.01-2.5 mg/kg i.p.) respectively, neither affected development of apomorphine-induced aggressive behaviour nor intensity of aggressiveness in the sensitized rats. In binding studies neither density nor affinity of striatal dopamine D2 receptors was changed by acute or chronic apomorphine treatment. The number of [3H]pCCK-8 binding sites in the frontal cortex increased already after a single injection of apomorphine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Role of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid and cholecystokinin receptors in apomorphine-induced aggressive behaviour in rats. 763 Apr 27

Localization of epidermoid cysts to the pineal region is rare. The 7-year-old boy now reported presented with an 18-month history of progressive ataxia. CT and MRI scans demonstrated a 2.5x2.5 cm cyst at the pineal region with obstructive hydrocephalus. At surgery via an occipital transtentorial approach, a characteristic "pearly tumour" was encountered, and complete resection was achieved. We present the management of this child with pineal region epidermoid cyst and review 11 cases reported in the literature since 1968. In all, 8 of the 12 patients were males. The age at the time of diagnosis ranged from 7 years to 69 years. Parinaud's syndrome and hydrocephalus are the most common presenting findings. All but 1 patient underwent direct surgical resection; 1 had stereotactic decompression. Surgical treatment brought about complete resolution of the presenting symptoms and signs in 10 of the 12 cases. One patient had persistent upgaze palsy. One patient died from progression of the pineal region mass. This patient presented with hemiparesis, which is a marker of clinical aggressiveness. The authors advocate direct surgical attack as opposed to stereotactic diagnosis and aspiration to: (1) obtain maximal resection and thereby limit the potential for recurrence and delayed complications of the cyst; (2) possibly avoid shunt placement in patients who present with hydrocephalus; and (3) decrease the likelihood of sampling error.
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PMID:Epidermoid cysts of the pineal region. 1036 67


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