Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004134 (ataxia)
 15,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ischaemic stroke in young people, that is in those under 45 years of age, forms a distinct entity. Whereas in the case of older patients the main cause is arteriosclerosis, in the younger group a broad spectrum of etiologies can be found. It is for this reason that in these latter cases we must carry out a diagnostic study that is not only more exhaustive but also additionally is aimed at seeking out specific pathologies as for instance a possible association with vasculitis, infectious diseases, hematological abnormalities or unclear cardiopathology. Given the therapeutic transcendency that findings might have, in order to avoid new bouts in patients at the most productive moments in their lives, we believe it to be of great interest to carefully study these patients as exhaustively as need be. In the present work we present the case of a young patient with ischaemic infarct in the region of both upper cerebella which started out with a clinical picture of ataxia and dysarthria with benign course and total recovery. Possible etiologies are discussed in the light of findings made during complementary tests, as well as the unusual location of the lesions.
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PMID:[Ischemic infarct, mitral valve prolapse and protein S deficiency]. 885 7

Ischemic stroke is rare in children, most of which occur in the supratentorial brain, and infratentorial infarcts are very rare. Some clinical manifestations may be similar but others such as ataxia and cranial nerve palsy are more specific. Vertebral artery dissection is the most frequent cause of stroke in the vertebrobasilar territory, but the cause most often remains unknown in children. We report three cases of infratentorial stroke in children. The first observation concerns a 4-year-old boy brought to medical attention because left hemicorporal motor deficit associated with ataxia following a minor cranial traumatism. While computed tomography (CT) of the brain was normal, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an area of signal alteration on the diffusion-weighted image within the right protuberance. The second observation is a 15-year-old girl who developed sudden-onset ataxia. The CT scan and MRI of the brain revealed an acute bilateral cerebellar stroke. MRI angiography showed an anatomical variant of the left vertebral artery that did not participate in the Willis polygon. In these two observations, no other abnormalities were detected except they were homozygotous for MTHFR mutation in the first observation and minor alpha-thalassemia for the second one. The outcome in these two children was good without sequelae after a 6-month follow-up. The third observation is a 6-year-old girl who suddenly exhibited cephalalgia, ataxia, and left visual impairment. The brain MRI revealed left occipital and cerebellar strokes due to vertebral artery dissection. The authors recommend the systematic search for vertebral artery dissection in cases of infratentorial stroke.
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PMID:[Infratentorial ischemic stroke in children: Three case reports]. 2145 68

A 55-year-old gentleman with a left-sided glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) presented with palpitations which were shown to be atrial flutter (AFL) on ECG. Approximately 6 h later, he developed ataxia and expressive dysphasia. A brain CT scan showed no acute haemorrhage and no progression of the brain tumour. Ischaemic stroke was the top differential diagnosis. However, the authors could not perform thrombolysis due to the risk of intratumour haemorrhage. The AFL reverted to sinus rhythm with metoprolol and digoxin after 3 days. His neurological signs resolved within 24 h, and a diagnosis of transient ischaemic attack secondary to AFL was made. This case highlights the challenge of managing thrombo-embolic complications of arrhythmias in cancer patients.
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PMID:Atrial flutter in a patient with glioblastoma multiforme: problems in treating thromboembolic complications. 2269 88

Ischemic stroke involving multiple artery territory with normal vessels gives a clue for an embolic stroke. Paradoxical embolization is a recognized cause of ischemic stroke. We describe a 48-year-old male who presented with acute onset giddiness, mild dysarthria, right hemiparesis, and ataxia. Clinical examinations indicated left cerebellar signs with right hemiparesis. Additionally, the patient had significant clubbing and mild cyanosis. A strong family history of epistaxis and hemoptysis was noted. His Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed acute left cerebellar and left frontal cortical infarct with normal vessels. The routine stroke and cardiac workup were normal. Chest X-ray showed bilateral lower zone opacities. Contrast-enhanced computerized tomogram (CT) of the chest showed bilateral pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. Paradoxical embolism due to pulmonary arteriovenous malformation resulted in ischemic stroke in our patient. He fulfilled all of the four criteria for diagnosing definite hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Our case highlights the importance of a systematic search for paradoxical embolism in a cryptogenic stroke.
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PMID:Paradoxical Embolism in a Case of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: Case Report with Literature Review. 3264 84