Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004134 (ataxia)
 15,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Exposure to microgravity and space travel produce several neurologic changes, including SAS, ataxia, postural disturbances, perceptual illusions, neuromuscular weakness, and fatigue. Inflight SAS, perceptual illusions, and ocular changes are of more importance. After landing, however, ataxia, perceptual illusions, neuromuscular weakness, and fatigue play greater roles in astronaut health and readaptation to a terrestrial environment. Cardiovascular adjustments to microgravity, bone demineralization, and possible decompression sickness and excessive radiation exposure contribute further to medical problems of astronauts in space. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which microgravity adversely affects the nervous system and more effective treatments will provide healthier, happier, and longer stays in space on the space station Freedom and during the mission to Mars.
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PMID:Neurology of microgravity and space travel. 143 67

1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxyl-7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-(O-fluorophenyl)-2H - 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (doxefazepam, SAS 643, Doxans) was investigated in a series of toxicological studies. Oral LD50 values were greater than 2000 mg/kg in mice, rats and dogs, while endoperitoneal LD50 values were 746 and 544 mg/kg in the mice and rats, respectively, and greater than 1000 mg/kg in the dogs. Subacute and chronic studies in rats and dogs evidenced a transient ataxia after administration of the test compound, which was dose-dependent in the subacute experiment, and occurred only at the highest dose in the chronic studies. No pathological findings were registered at necropsy or in microscopic observations, except an increase of liver weight at the highest dosage in the chronic study in the rat. Doxefazepam did not exert any teratogenic effects in rats and rabbits. Moreover in rats it did not alter the reproductive performance. The mutagenic studies did not reveal any mutagenic potential. In the cancerogenicity study in rats doxefazepam did not show positive carcinogenic potential.
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PMID:Toxicological evaluations of the benzodiazepine doxefazepam. 256 37

To investigate complaints of Gulf War veterans, epidemiologic, case-control and animal modeling studies were performed. Looking for OPIDP variants, our epidemiologic project studied 249 Naval Reserve construction battalion (CB24) men. Extensive surveys were drawn for symptoms and exposures. An existing test (PAI) was used for neuropsychologic. Using FACTOR, LOGISTIC and FREQ in 6.07 SAS, symptom clusters were sought with high eigenvalues from orthogonally rotated two-stage factor analysis. After factor loadings and Kaiser measure for sampling adequacy (0.82), three major and three minor symptom clusters were identified. Internally consistent by Cronbach's coefficient, these were labeled syndromes: (1) impaired cognition; (2) confusion-ataxia; (3) arthro-myo-neuropathy; (4) phobia-apraxia; (5) fever-adenopathy; and (6) weakness-incontinence. Syndrome variants identified 63 patients (63/249, 25%) with 91 syndromes. With pyridostigmine bromide as the drug in these drug-chemical exposures, syndrome chemicals were: (1) pesticide-containing flea and tick collars (P < 0.001); (2) alarms from chemical weapons attacks (P < 0.001), being in a sector later found to have nerve agent exposure (P < 0.04); and (3) insect repellent (DEET) (P < 0.001). From CB24, 23 cases, 10 deployed and 10 non-deployed controls were studied. Auditory evoked potentials showed dysfunction (P < 0.02), nystagmic velocity on rotation testing, asymmetry on saccadic velocity (P < 0.04), somatosensory evoked potentials both sides (right P < 0.03, left P < 0.005) and synstagmic velocity after caloric stimulation bilaterally (P-range, 0.02-0.04). Brain dysfunction was shown on the Halstead Impairment Index (P < 0.01), General Neuropsychological Deficit Scale (P < 0.03) and Trail Making part B (P < 0.03). Butylcholinesterase phenotypes did not trend for inherent abnormalities. Parallel hen studies at Duke University established similar drug-chemical delayed neurotoxicity. These investigations lend credibility that sublethal exposures to drug-chemical combinations caused delayed-onset neurotoxic variants.
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PMID:Epidemiological association in US veterans between Gulf War illness and exposures to anticholinesterases. 1002 6