Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004134 (ataxia)
 15,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The toxic effects of oral administration of Cassia occidentalis to goats was evaluated. The prominent signs of Cassia poisoning were diarrhea, inappetence, dyspnea, staggering, ataxia and recumbency. Lesions consisted of hemorrhages and congestion in the heart, lungs, abomasum and spleen, catarrhal enteritis, hepatic fatty change and necrosis, splenic hemosiderosis, pulmonary emphysema, necrosis and/or degeneration of the epithelial cells of the renal convoluted tubule, and packing of the glomeruli with endothelial and small round cells. These changes were accompanied by increases in GOT activity and in the serum concentrations of ammonia and urea, as well as by decreases in the total protein and calcium in serum. There were decreases in Hb, PCV and RCB, and increased leucocyte counts. Total lipids were higher in the liver, kidneys and heart of the Cassia-poisoned goats.
 ...
PMID:The toxicity of Cassia occidentalis to goats. 713 98

Lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic are widely dispersed in the environment. Adults are primarily exposed to these contaminants in the workplace. Children may be exposed to toxic metals from numerous sources, including contaminated air, water, soil and food. The chronic toxic effects of lead include anemia, neuropathy, chronic renal disease and reproductive impairment. Lead is a carcinogen in three animal species. Cadmium causes emphysema, chronic renal disease, cancer of the prostate and possibly of the lung. Inorganic mercury causes gingivitis, stomatitis, neurologic impairment and nephrosis, while organic mercurials cause sensory neuropathy, ataxia, dysarthria and blindness. Arsenic causes dermatitis, skin cancer, sensory neuropathy, cirrhosis, angiosarcoma of the liver, lung cancer and possibly lymphatic cancer.
 ...
PMID:Occupational and community exposures to toxic metals: lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. 716 33

Two adult cattle died within 48 h of being fed a large amount of Bryophyllum pinnatum plants collected from a house garden. Clinical signs became apparent the day after feeding and included hypersalivation, ataxia, severe cardiac arrhythmia and laboured respiration. The main necropsy findings were acute rumenitis, reduction of bronchiolar lumens and emphysema.
 ...
PMID:Bryophyllum pinnatum poisoning of cattle. 892 90

Inactivation mutation of the recently discovered klotho gene in mice causes a syndrome resembling aging. Manifestations include short life span, atherosclerosis, gonadal atropy, skin atropy, emphysema, ataxia and ectopic calcification. These mice also exhibit abnormally high bone density in the epiphyses of their tibiae based on X-ray and histological analyses. However, micro-structures of the trabecular bones in arbitrary two-dimensional planes or three-dimensional regions are difficult to analyze by these techniques. Therefore, we applied high resolution micro-computed tomography (microCT) to characterize the micro-structural abnormality in the trabecular bone in long bones as well as in vertebrae of four- to six-week-old klotho mutant mice. Two-dimensional microCT analyses in the mid-sagittal plane as well as three-dimensional microCT analyses indicated that the trabecular bone volume fraction measured in the proximal metaphyses of the tibiae was increased more than twofold in klotho mutant mice compared with the wild-type mice. Similarly, the trabecular bone area fraction in the mid-sagittal plane of the lumbar vertebral bodies was also increased by about 80% at the proximal and distal ends. No significant difference was observed with regard to the cortical thickness in the mid-shaft of femora between klotho mutant and wild-type mice. Three-dimensional microCT analyses also indicated that the trabecular number and thickness of the proximal metaphyses of the tibiae were increased by about 80% and 300% respectively in the klotho mutant mice, while trabecular separation was 60% less in klotho mutant mice compared with the wild-type mice. These quantitative microCT analyses indicate that the inactivation of klotho gene expression results in an increase in three-dimensional bone volume fraction, number and thickness of the trabecular bones in these mice.
 ...
PMID:High-resolution micro-computed tomography analyses of the abnormal trabecular bone structures in klotho gene mutant mice. 1065 59

Susceptibility of sheep to oral administration of Citrullus colocynthis fruits, Nerium oleander leaves or their mixture is described in 12 sheep assigned as untreated controls, C. colocynthis-treated at 0.25g/kg/day, N. oleander-treated at 0.25g/kg and plant mixture-treated at 0.25g of C. colocynthis/kg plus 0.25g of N. oleander/kg. The daily use of 0.25g of C. colocynthis/kg for 42 days was not fatal to sheep and caused slight diarrhoea, catarrhal enteritis, centrilobular hepatocellular fatty change and degeneration of the renal tubular cells. Single oral doses of 0.25g of N. oleander/kg were lethal to sheep within 18-24h and caused uneasiness, grinding of the teeth, dyspnoea, anorexia, frequent urination, ruminal bloat, ataxia and recumbency before death. The main lesions were widespread congestion and haemorrhage, pulmonary cyanosis and emphysema and severe hepatonephropathy. Rapid death was also observed in sheep receiving single doses of the mixture of the two plants. Effects were correlated with changes in the activities of serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate transaminase (AST) and concentrations of cholesterol, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, globulin and urea and haematological parameters.
 ...
PMID:Response of Najdi sheep to oral administration of Citrullus colocynthis fruits, Nerium oleander leaves or their mixture. 1132 8

The toxic effects of oral administration of 0.25 g/kg Nerium oleander leaves, 0.25 g/kg Rhazya stricta leaves or their mixture at 0.25 g/kg N. oleander leaves plus 0.25 g/kg R. stricta leaves on Najdi sheep were investigated. Daily oral dosing of R. stricta leaves for 42 days was not fatal to sheep while single oral doses of either N. oleander leaves or the mixture with R. stricta leaves proved fatal to animals within 24 hours with dyspnea, grunting, salivation, grinding of the teeth, ruminal bloat, frequent urination, ataxia and recumbency prior to death. The main lesions were widespread congestion or hemorrhage, pulmonary cyanosis, emphysema, bronchotracheal froths, and hepatonephropathy. The clinical and pathological changes were correlated with alterations in serum LDH and AST activities and concentrations of cholesterol, bilirubin, urea, total protein, albumin, and globulin and hematological values.
 ...
PMID:Toxicity of Nerium oleander and Rhazya stricta in Najdi sheep: hematologic and clinicopathologic alterations. 1223 14

Klotho gene mutation leads to a syndrome strangely resembling chronic kidney disease patients undergoing dialysis with multiple accelerated age-related disorders, including hypoactivity, sterility, skin thinning, muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, vascular calcifications, soft-tissue calcifications, defective hearing, thymus atrophy, pulmonary emphysema, ataxia, and abnormalities of the pituitary gland, as well as hypoglycemia, hyperphosphatemia, and paradoxically high-plasma calcitriol levels. Conversely, mice overexpressing klotho show an extended existence and a slow aging process through a mechanism that may involve the induction of a state of insulin and oxidant stress resistance. Two molecules are produced by the klotho gene, a membrane bound form and a circulating form. However, their precise biological roles and molecular functions have been only partly deciphered. Klotho can act as a circulating factor or hormone, which binds to a not yet identified high-affinity receptor and inhibits the intracellular insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling cascade; klotho can function as a novel beta-glucuronidase, which deglycosylates steroid beta-glucuronides and the calcium channel transient receptor potential vallinoid-5 (TRPV5); as a cofactor essential for the stimulation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor by FGF23. The two last functions have propelled klotho to the group of key factors regulating mineral and vitamin D metabolism, and have also stimulated the interest of the nephrology community. The purpose of this review is to provide a nephrology-oriented overview of klotho and its potential implications in normal and altered renal function states.
 ...
PMID:Klotho: an antiaging protein involved in mineral and vitamin D metabolism. 2241 41

An eleven-year-old Chinese Crested Powder Puff dog presented with polydipsia/polyuria, inappetence, diarrhea and vomiting underwent an ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy. Two days post-biopsy the clinical condition of the dog acutely deteriorated with fever, dyspnea, ataxia and subcutaneous emphysema. Radiographs and ultrasound showed focal severe hepatic emphysema in the region of the previous liver biopsy. Post-mortem examination revealed chronic hepatitis with dissecting fibrosis, acute hepatitis with hemorrhage and in the hindlimb musculature extensive hemorrhage and necrosis. Pure cultures of the gas producing bacteria Clostridium perfringens were isolated in samples from the hind limb musculature. We propose that the hepatic emphysema in the region of the biopsy site was a result of a clostridial infection.
...
PMID:Hepatic emphysema associated with ultrasound-guided liver biopsy in a dog. 2475 85

We report the first known case of a 42-year-old man diagnosed with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, also known as Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), who presented with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. Six other family members affected with MJD died of the same pulmonary complication. To date, there has been no direct genetic linkage between MJD and familial spontaneous pneumothorax. However, the mutated ataxin-3 (ATXN3) gene in MJD and Serpin Family A Member 1 (SERPINA1) gene in hereditary emphysema share the same loci on chromosome 14q32.1, which is suggestive of genetic proclivity of patients with MJD to develop familial pneumothorax. Furthermore, the abnormal ataxin protein encoded by ATXN3 and the patient's smoking history could have potentiated the dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system further aggravating his genetic predisposition to develop recurrent pneumothorax. These unexplored areas of inquiry invoke further molecular characterization to give an accent to medical knowledge as well as guide novel therapies in the future.
 ...
PMID:Familial spontaneous pneumothorax and Machado-Joseph disease. 3299 32