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Query: UMLS:C0004134 (ataxia)
 15,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neurologic complications may appear before the primary disease, alcoholism, is recognized. The common syndromes are polyneuropathy, the withdrawal syndrome and the combination of Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis. Other conspicuous clinical pictures include ataxia of cerebellar origin, convulsions, acute hallucinosis, myopathy and coma. Rarer disorders are Marchiafava-Bignami disease and central pontine myelinolysis.
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PMID:The neurologic complications of alcoholism. 18 91

Five patients developed neurological adverse effects as they were treated with amiodarone for 2 to 18 months. The daily maintenance dose did not exceed 400 mg. The neurological manifestations included tremor, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, dyskinesia, myoclonic jerks, extrapyramidal hypertony, and altered mental status. These side effects resolved within 3 days to 3 months after amiodarone withdrawal. Advanced age, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, and alcoholism seemed to be risk factors for development of amiodarone neurotoxicity. Both peripheral and central nervous systems are involved in these amiodarone-induced complications.
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PMID:[Neurological toxicity of amiodarone. 5 case reports]. 134 23

Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome (W.K.S.) is a complication of alcoholism and malnutrition and usually presents acutely and is characterized by disturbances of consciousness, paralysis of the external ocular muscles, ataxia and disorder of retentive memory. The disease results from deficiency of vitamin B1, or thiamine, an essential coenzyme in intermediate carbohydrate metabolism. We report a seriously ill, nonalcoholic surgical patient, who developed W.K.S. in the postoperative period as a result of thiamine deficiency, during prolonged intravenous therapy. It is recommended that malnourished patients receive 100 mg parenteral thiamine especially when glucose infusions are administered.
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PMID:[Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome caused by prolonged infusion therapy during the postoperative period]. 181 4

This review summarizes the efforts of our research program to identify markers for alcoholism risk, which broadly fall within the domain of temperament and those which may be described as attentional or information-processing capacities. Analyses of three-generation pedigrees that include minor children at higher risk of becoming alcoholic indicate that event-related potential characteristics differ between high- and low-risk children. Newer results concerning cardiac responsivity both in minor children and adult high-risk individuals are presented. These results suggest a relationship between personality or temperament on the one hand, and cardiac responsivity on the other. Additional neurobehavioral markers are addressed including static ataxia. Recent segregation analyses and linkage to particular DNA segments are also included.
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PMID:Risk markers for alcoholism in high-density families. 182 Dec 91

Lesions of the brain stem and cerebellum due to toxic substances or nutritional deficiencies are mostly seen in chronic alcohol abuse and, more rarely, in severe malnutrition. Four clinical entities are described: Wernicke's encephalopathy is the most frequent of these, with progressive development of disorders of consciousness, oculomotor palsies and ataxia. The condition regresses under massive vitamin BA therapy, but it often leaves neuropsychological sequelae (e. g. Korsakoff's syndrome). The best treatment is prevention by giving thiamine to alcoholics and to malnourished subjects who receive glucose infusions. Cerebellar atrophy of alcoholic origin is responsible for subacute ataxia which, as a rule, is definitive. Central pontine myelinolysis is rare and presents as sudden quadriplegia with pseudobulbar palsy and sometimes "locked-in" syndrome. Beside alcohol, a frequent cause is major ionic disorders, such as hyponatraemia or its excessively rapid correction. Pellagra is a classical disease rarely seen in this country. It is due to nicotinamide (vitamin PP) deficiency.
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PMID:[Lesions of the brain stem and cerebellum of alcoholic and nutritional deficiency origin]. 234 51

Seventeen percent of 196 feral vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) spontaneously drank appreciable quantities of beverage alcohol in 3% sucrose in preference to 3% sucrose alone. Ethanol consumption increased over time, as did the concentration of ethanol tolerated. Willingness to select ethanol was stable over a three-year period, as measured by periodic retesting. Individual patterns of drinking and behavioral responses to ethanol were quite variable. Upon occasion, some animals drank to ataxia and unconsciousness; signs of withdrawal, including tremulousness, pacing, irritability and increased aggression, followed the abrupt discontinuation of ethanol availability. A variety of changes in social interaction, including increased orientation to external stimulus, increased incidence of stereotyped aggression and of other stereotyped behaviors and decreased frequency of affiliative behaviors were observed during ethanol periods, as compared to baseline scoring periods. In a small number of alcohol-preferring animals, CSF amine metabolites (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid) were raised by drinking alcohol. These studies suggest that the alcohol-selecting vervet monkey may be complementary to established primate models of alcoholism.
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PMID:Voluntary consumption of beverage alcohol by vervet monkeys: population screening, descriptive behavior and biochemical measures. 235 9

The accumulated data from a defined medical examination of 561 male alcoholics is reported and analysed using a simple artificial index of the severity of alcohol injury which describes each patient in a single parameter; the alcohol related toxicity quotient (ARTq). The results indicate that after an average of twelve days sobriety, the clinical assessment of ataxia is a more consistent guide to chronic alcoholism than a previous history of intervention by a therapeutic agency or the more complex tests of mean cell volume (MCV) or gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). However, the ARTq correlates with each of these indices better than they intercorrelate between themselves. The findings are discussed in relation to the pathological lesions and natural history of alcoholism.
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PMID:Assessment of chronic alcoholism by medical examination. 287 42

Wernicke disease (WD) is a complication of alcoholism and malnutrition and usually presents acutely and is characterized by disturbances of consciousness, paralysis of the external ocular muscles, and ataxia. The disease results from deficiency of vitamin B 1, or thiamine, an essential coenzyme in intermediate carbohydrate metabolism. On the other hand, Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease (J-C) results from infection with an unconventional agent with a long incubation period and is characterized by a rapidly progressive dementia and histologically by a spongiform encephalopathy associated with neuronal destruction and pronounced astrogliosis. Combination of both diseases has not been reported in the literature previously and their relationship is uncertain. We present 3 cases with this interesting association and consider their relationship.
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PMID:Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease associated with Wernicke encephalopathy. 328 5

Sons and daughters of male alcoholics were compared with the sons and daughters of controls on two measures of static ataxia. Increased sway was seen in the children of the alcoholic fathers who had an average of 3.7 first- and second-degree relatives meeting criteria for alcoholism. The possibility that static ataxia may be a psychobiological marker for the more genetically mediated variant of alcoholism is discussed.
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PMID:Static ataxia as a psychobiological marker for alcoholism. 330 4

The assessment of alcoholic brain damage by computerized tomographic (CT) scanning is reviewed and discussed. Alcoholics showed greater cerebral atrophy than aged-matched neurological controls. Supratentorial atrophy measurements correlated significantly with some neurobehavioral assessment measures. The cerebral atrophy reversed in some subjects with maintained abstinence. Computerized assessment of cerebral spinal fluid volume (cerebral atrophy) and mean cerebral density showed decreased cerebral spinal fluid volume and increased cerebral density with maintained abstinence over 4 weeks in a group of 20 alcoholics. CT cerebellar measurements demonstrated atrophy in many subjects, but these measurements did not correlate with measures of ataxia, cognitive impairment, supratentorial atrophy measurements, or age. An example of a magnetic resonance imaging scan of an alcoholic is given. Its advantages in avoiding bony artifact for posterior fossa atrophy estimations and its potential for in vivo description and localization of central nervous system metabolic abnormalities in alcoholism are discussed.
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PMID:Computerized tomographic scan assessment of alcoholic brain damage and its potential reversibility. 352 41


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