Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004093 (asthenia)
 2,650 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report preliminary clinical investigations about sultopride, a new substituted benzamid, related to sulpiride. The drug was administered to thirty-nine hospitalized psychotic patients. A very powerful and constant efficacy of sultopride was observed in 11 manic and hypomanic typical syndroms: excitation was controlled between the first and third day, with oral doses of 1,200-1,800 mg. But thymical inversion was observed in 8 cases (3 light anxious states and 5 typical melancholic syndroms). Besides, interesting improvements were obtained in atypical excitation disorders, chronic hallucinatory delusions, acute oniric and confusional states, schizophrenia and chronic alcoholism. Side-effects were frequent: extrapyramidal syndroms, often requiring antiparkinsonian correctors, somnolence, asthenia, and above all (in 30 percent of cases) psychical side-effects, consisting in depressive and anxious modifications of mood, even apart from manic-melancholic psychosis. This psychotropic depressive effect appears as very interesting theoretically, and justifies further enquiry.
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PMID:[Situation of sultopride among present-day neuroleptics]. 109 44

The relationship between forced insomnia and acute transitory exogenous psychosis named "railway paranoid" is under discussion. According to the author's data, forced insomnia precedes that psychosis in all the cases; it lasts from 2 to 5 days, being consequent on a tiresome journey. A permanent and direct relationship can be elucidated between the duration of insomnia and the depth of paranoid. Psychosis is eliminated after a deep sleep and subsequent asthenia. In experimental sleep deprivation described by some authors, the general regularities were established between psychosis in question and the status of disturbed consciousness. The conclusion is made that forced insomnia causes railway paranoid. It is of importance to stress that all attempts to discover some other psychogenic factor which would explain the exogenous structure of the given psychosis have so far ended in failure.
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PMID:["Railway" paranoid disorder and forced insomnia]. 165 19

With a normal and varied food intake, the vitamin supply is often sufficient to avoid vitamin deficiency. Since synthetic vitamins have become available, it has become possible to take with one dose the amount of vitamins normally taken up from food in one year. In these pharmacological doses vitamins must therefore be considered as drugs. And in pharmacological doses, their actions are often different and not directly linked to their physiological activity. Two types of pathologic state are unquestionably the concern of vitaminotherapy: More or less specific and intense vitamin deficiencies: Rickets, scurvy, beri beri, pellagra, vitamin deficiency related to alcohol consumption, polyneuritis, encephalopathy, malabsorption, mucoviscidosis, etc. Genetic defects of vitamin metabolism: Prescriptions for these cases represent only a tiny part of the vitamin pharmaceutic market. The prescription of vitamins as adjuvants in other pathologic states without vitamin deficiency, such as neurological pains, psychosis, prevention of common cold, alopecia, anemia, asthenia, carpal tunnel defect, etc., is frequent. The results may be good; however, in some cases, the efficacy is due to chance or placebo effect, and there is no scientific or experimental evidence of beneficial activity. At the moment, the pharmacological vitamin research is very active. New products with vitamin-like structures are being synthesized for specialized therapeutic applications. They will in the near future probably replace elevated and mega-doses for clinical prescription, except, of course, for the treatment of vitamin deficiency. On the other hand, the use of multivitamin preparations in nutritional dosage will greatly increase.
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PMID:Clinical conditions requiring elevated dosages of vitamins. 250 93

Patients (123) with traumatic cerebral arachnoiditis due to closed craniocerebral trauma, were investigated during complications or late sequelae of the trauma. All the patients were subjected to spinal puncture. Asthenic, psychosis-like and hallucinatory-paranoid disorders were detected as well as partial oligophrenia and dullness of consciousness. The degree of mental disorders run parallel with intracranial pressure elevation, suggesting the role of intracranial hypertension in pathogenesis of several psychic disorders.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and forensic psychiatric expertise in traumatic cerebral arachnoiditis]. 324 79

On the basis of the clinical, experimental-psychological and electroencephalographic examinations of 173 patients with portal hypertension (intrahepatic--110 and extrahepatic--63) the authors elucidated the regularities of the formation of mental disorders, their clinical characteristics and the course following surgical treatment. The asthenic syndrome with marked vegetative disturbances was the most prominent feature in the clinical picture. Patients with hepatic cirrhosis were characterized by a more severe asthenia and greater intensity of vegetative symptomatology as compared to patients with an extrahepatic form of portal hypertension. Characteristic of psychotic disorders in liver cirrhosis was severity of the psychoorganic syndrome. Personality shifts with the predominance of explosiveness, epilepsy- and paranoia-like tendencies grow with disease progression. Surgical treatment by constructing vascular anastomoses occasionally leads to intensification of the psychoorganic syndrome in cirrhosis patients and to its appearance in patients with extrahepatic portal hypertension, which calls for the development of more clear-cut indications for such surgery.
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PMID:[Dynamics and mental disorders in patients with portal hypertension after surgical treatment]. 371 7

There have been over 60 studies of Earth-bound activities that can be viewed as simulations of manned spaceflight. These analogs have involved Antarctic and Arctic expeditions, submarines and submersible simulators, land-based simulators, and hypodynamia environments. None of these analogs has accounted for all the variables related to extended spaceflight (e.g., microgravity, long-duration, heterogeneous crews), and some of the stimulation conditions have been found to be more representative of space conditions than others. A number of psychosocial factors have emerged from the simulation literature that correspond to important issues that have been reported from space. Psychological factors include sleep disorders, alterations in time sense, transcendent experiences, demographic issues, career motivation, homesickness, and increased perceptual sensitivities. Psychiatric factors include anxiety, depression, psychosis, psychosomatic symptoms, emotional reactions related to mission stage, asthenia, and postflight personality, and marital problems. Finally, interpersonal factors include tension resulting from crew heterogeneity, decreased cohesion over time, need for privacy, and issues involving leadership roles and lines of authority. Since future space missions will usually involve heterogeneous crews working on complicated objectives over long periods of time, these features require further study. Socio-cultural factors affecting confined crews (e.g., language and dialect, cultural differences, gender biases) should be explored in order to minimize tension and sustain performance. Career motivation also needs to be examined for the purpose of improving crew cohesion and preventing subgrouping, scapegoating, and territorial behavior. Periods of monotony and reduced activity should be addressed in order to maintain morale, provide meaningful use of leisure time, and prevent negative consequences of low stimulation, such as asthenia and crew member withdrawal. Leadership roles and lines of authority need to be studied further to understand the factors leading to status leveling, leadership competition, and role confusion. Finally, the relationship between crews and ground personnel should be characterized in order to minimize the displacement of anger and tension to the outside, to counter the effects of inter-group miscommunications, and to develop support strategies that can help to counter in-group/out-group conflicts. Ground-based space simulations still have a role to play in terms of understanding the impact of these factors and ways of dealing with them. In particular, issues involving language, cultural differences, gender biases, career motivation, monotonous conditions, use of free time, leadership, lines of authority, and the relationship between crews and outside monitoring personnel need to be further characterized and examined under controlled conditions. Until such time as these factors can be studied directly in space, simulations provide an opportunity to learn more about these psychosocial issues and to plan ways of minimizing their negative consequences during actual space missions.
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PMID:Psychosocial value of space simulation for extended spaceflight. 904 34

Tiagabine is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake inhibitor which is structurally related to nipecotic acid but has an improved ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Clinical trials have shown that tiagabine is effective as add-on therapy in the management of patients with refractory partial epilepsy. In short term studies of this indication, tiagabine < or = 64 mg/day for 7 to 12 weeks reduced the complex partial and simple partial seizure frequency by > or = 50% in 8 to 31 and 28.2 to 37% of patients, respectively. Tiagabine appeared to produce a sustained reduction in seizure frequency in studies of up to 12 months' duration. Data from preliminary studies are currently insufficient to confirm the usefulness of tiagabine when used as monotherapy or in the treatment of children with epilepsy. Further studies are, therefore, necessary to more fully elucidate the efficacy of the drug in these settings. Adverse events associated with tiagabine are primarily CNS-related and include dizziness, asthenia, nonspecific nervousness and tremor. Skin rash or psychosis occurred with similar frequencies among tiagabine- and placebo-treated patients. With long term administration (> or = 1 year for many patients), the profile and incidence of adverse events was similar to that for short term therapy. Tiagabine does not appear to affect the hepatic metabolism of other drugs such as carbamazepine and phenytoin. Possible disadvantages of tiagabine include its short plasma elimination half-life, necessitating 2 to 4 times daily administration, and its inducible hepatic metabolism. Thus, tiagabine is a new antiepileptic agent with a novel mechanism of action, which has demonstrated efficacy in the adjunctive treatment of patients with refractory partial epilepsy. Further investigation of the efficacy of tiagabine is expected to provide a clearer definition of its place in the treatment of epilepsy and its relative merits in relation to other antiepileptic drugs.
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PMID:Tiagabine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential in the management of epilepsy. 953 May 48

51 patients with chronic hepatitis were examined clinicopsychopathologically for depression, anxiety, self-estimation, cognitive defects. Non-psychotic mental disorders were found in all the examinees: 15 had asthenia, 36 had asthenia and affective disturbances (astheno-depressive, anxious-depressive, anxious-hypochondriac, hystero-depressive). A correlation exists between psychic disorders, severity of chronic hepatitis, premorbid personality traits and efficacy of therapy. Psychiatrist's observation is needed for early detection and treatment of the above disorders.
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PMID:[Mental disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis]. 1005 May 31

Tiagabine (TGB) is now registered in >20 countries, and the total number of treated patients approaches 90,000. Short-term safety data were derived mainly from five placebo-controlled, add-on studies in adults with therapy-resistant partial epilepsy, and two conversion to TGB monotherapy studies. Central nervous system (CNS)-related adverse effects, most frequently dizziness, were common with TGB treatment during the titration period; the risk became similar to placebo rates during fixed-dose periods. Other adverse events that were more frequent in TGB- than in placebo-treated patients were asthenia, nervousness, tremor, concentration difficulties, depressive mood, and language problems. TGB doses should be titrated slowly and taken with food to avoid rapid increases in plasma concentrations, thus minimizing the risks of adverse events. Overall, >2,500 patients have been exposed to TGB during clinical trials, with 1,274 patients treated >12 months, the majority of whom received TGB 24-60 mg/day. No idiosyncratic reactions have been linked to the use of TGB, and no abnormalities in hematology or common chemistry values were reported. In all the epilepsy studies combined, 21% of patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events, usually during the first 6 months of treatment. No adverse effects on cognitive abilities were detected when the neuropsychological effects of TGB add-on therapy and monotherapy were evaluated. TGB does not appear to cause an excess risk of psychosis or increase the incidence of status epilepticus or spike/wave discharges. No evidence of a relationship between visual field constriction and TGB treatment was found in a study of 15 patients converted to TGB monotherapy (mean dose, 22 mg/day; mean duration, 2.5 years) who had a full ophthalmologic evaluation. In conclusion, the characteristics of TGB in the management of partial epilepsy are enhanced by its favorable side-effect profile in the cognitive area.
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PMID:Long-term safety of tiagabine. 1152 Mar 23

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of high-dose pergolide treatment in patients with moderate to severe Parkinson's disease (PD) in an open-label multicenter clinical trial. The primary objective was to assess the amount of reduction in levodopa, the improvement in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and adverse reactions. We treated 32 patients with PD presenting with motor fluctuations. Pergolide treatment started with a dose escalation period of 12 weeks followed by a 12-week continuation period. Pergolide doses were increased up to a maximum of 12 mg/day in combination with a simultaneous decrease of levodopa doses in 100mg steps. Levodopa was reduced from 500 mg/day (median) to 250 mg/day. Mean UPDRS part III improved significantly (p=0.01). Clinical global impression improved significantly after 24 weeks (p<0.01). Most frequent adverse events were hallucinations, asthenia, anxiety, abdominal pain, and peripheral edema. Twenty-two patients finished the complete study according to protocol. A possible relationship to the study medication was assumed for two serious adverse events reporting psychosis. We conclude that high doses of pergolide are efficacious in advanced stages of PD if given in appropriate regimens.
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PMID:High doses of pergolide improve clinical global impression in advanced Parkinson's disease:- a preliminary open label study. 1602 5


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