Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0003873 (rheumatoid arthritis)
 53,068 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-two patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were studied serially with respect to glucose metabolism after the institution of different anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic therapies. Sixteen patients received 20 mg of prednisolone daily. After 1 week of treatment the mean k value in glucose tolerance tests increased from 1.0 +/- 0.1 (SEM) to 1.6 +/- 0.1 (P less than .001). The corticosteroid therapy thus restored the glucose tolerance to normal and significantly enhanced the insulin response (P less than .01). Corticosteroids also normalized the growth hormone response to glucose infusion but had no effect on plasma glucagon. Treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs did not affect the k values nor the hormonal pattern either after short-term treatment or after three months of therapy, except for causing a minor increase in the plasma glucagon levels both before and after glucose infusion. The long-term effects of treatment with penicillamine (n = 4), chloroquine (n = 7), and immunosuppressive agents [corticosteroids combined with azathioprine or cyclophosphamide (n = 7)], were an improvement of the clinical state, a reduction of the inflammatory activity, and a reversal of the glucose handling to normal.
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PMID:Impaired glucose handling in active rheumatoid arthritis: effects of corticosteroids and antirheumatic treatment. 330 46

We report a fatal case of septicaemia caused by Pasteurella multocida that followed a cat bite. The patient, a man aged 54 years, was not suffering from disease of the liver but had a history of ischaemic heart disease, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis which had been treated with steroids for 13 years.
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PMID:Fatal Pasteurella multocida septicaemia following a cat bite in a man without liver disease. 332 Feb 11

This paper reviews the significance of the associations between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and both diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroid disorders (ATD). All three disorders are thought to result from an interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. There is a probable real but not dramatic aggregation of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the families of RA probands and a significant aggregation of ATD in both first- and second-degree relatives of RA probands. HLA-linked genes predispose to all three disorders while genes linked to Gm have been implicated in predisposition to RA and ATD. Within the HLA region two or more genes may predispose independently to RA; one of these genes is in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DR4 and a second is in linkage disequilibrium with DR1 and 3. The familial aggregation of RA and IDDM is at least partially attributable to a single gene linked to HLA-DR4 predisposing to both disorders. By contrast, although 'DR4 negative RA' seems more frequent in sibships containing members with ATD, the familial aggregation of RA and ATD cannot be accounted for by a single gene linked to HLA predisposing to both disorders. Neither can this familial aggregation be accounted for by a single gene linked to Gm predisposing to RA and ATD so that any genetic predisposition common to both disorders is likely to involve at least a third locus which is still to be defined. A simple model with an interaction between at least three independent genetic loci and genetic heterogeneity is proposed to account for the known facts concerning the genetic susceptibility to RA.
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PMID:Rheumatoid arthritis: inheritance and association with other autoimmune diseases. 333 Jun 97

A patient is described who had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for 2 years, prior to developing rheumatoid arthritis and then subsequently ankylosing spondylitis and dermatomyositis. Diagnostic criteria for all diseases are fulfilled. HLA typing revealed the presence of HLA A2, A9, B8, B27, DR3 and DR4 antigens. The concomitant coexistence of diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and dermatomyositis appears to have occurred in an individual genetically susceptible to these diseases.
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PMID:Coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and dermatomyositis in a patient with diabetes mellitus and the associated linked HLA antigens. 336 34

Class II major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules have an immunoregulatory role. These cell-surface glycoproteins present fragments of protein antigens (or peptides) to thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells). Nucleotide sequence polymorphism in the genes that encode the class II MHC products determines the specificity of the immune response and is correlated with the development of autoimmune diseases. This study identifies certain class II polymorphic amino acid residues that are strongly associated with susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and pemphigus vulgaris. These findings implicate particular class II MHC isotypes in susceptibility to each disease and suggest new prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.
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PMID:A molecular basis for MHC class II--associated autoimmunity. 336 86

We investigated a large Old Colony (Chortitza) Mennonite kindred with branches across Canada. Six generations of the kindred were traced. There was intermarriage among numerous family members. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was identified in 10 members; all 7 living patients were found to carry the immunogenetic marker HLA-DR4. Nine other close relatives had disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, including gestational diabetes mellitus and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus progressing to insulin use. Ten other relatives had autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and multiple sclerosis. Cases of Alport's syndrome, congenital malformations, inborn errors of metabolism and unusual malignant diseases were also found in the kindred. In the small Alberta community in which the kindred was ascertained there were people of Old Colony Mennonite descent with genetic conditions such as Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome and congenital malformations, including congenital heart disease. This kindred represents the largest reported familial aggregation of IDDM. This disease and other disorders of carbohydrate metabolism occur in the context of a strong familial predisposition to autoimmune disease. Study of this family may permit empiric testing of proposed models of inheritance of diseases of complex origin such as IDDM. We report this Old Colony (Chortitza) Mennonite community because it is one of the settlements populated by this religious and genetic isolate, which extends across Canada and Central and South America and affords opportunities for the study of both common and rare inherited diseases.
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PMID:Unusual clustering of diseases in a Canadian Old Colony (Chortitza) Mennonite kindred and community. 337 May 69

The relation between the basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, plasma gastrin, and the gastric microflora was examined in 45 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sixteen patients (36%) had basal achlorhydria, and of these, 10 (22%) had achlorhydria or hypochlorhydria after stimulation with pentagastrin. The peak acid output and acidity showed inverse correlation with the disease duration but were not associated with age or with the degree of physical disability. Hypergastrinaemia was found in nine patients (20%), of whom 6 (13%) had significant titres of parietal cell antibody. The acidity of the peak acid output showed negative correlation with plasma gastrin. It was confirmed that the gastric secretory state is a determinant of plasma gastrin levels and in addition influences the growth of micro-organisms in the gastric lumen. The type of microflora in the non-acid stomach was similar to that found in the saliva. A subgroup of eight females was identified who showed low gastric acid secretion rates, positive bacterial cultures, and atlantoaxial subluxation. Gastrin- and insulin-like immunoreactivities were found in joint fluid. The concentrations reflected their plasma levels, suggesting that the peptides are not released at the inflammatory site, but rather that they reach synovial fluid from circulating blood.
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PMID:Gastrin, gastric acid secretion, and gastric microflora in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 352 80

The effectiveness of cyclosporin against human auto-immune diseases has been well established in uveitis, rheumatoid arthritis and insulin-dependent diabetes. No firm conclusion can be drawn from trials conducted in other diseases, since the results are discordant or based on an insufficient number of subjects. In view of the side-effects, and notably the risk of nephrotoxicity, of the drug, the blood levels of cyclosporine must be measured and the patient's renal function evaluated at regular intervals. For the time being, these risks reduce the prescription of cyclosporin to the severe forms of autoimmune diseases, i.e. those which resist conventional corticosteroid therapy. Things are different with diabetes, since cyclosporin is the only immunosuppressant which has proved effective in inducing remissions. But whether such remissions can be maintained in the long term remains uncertain, and this type of treatment is still limited to therapeutic trials.
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PMID:[Cyclosporin and autoimmune diseases. 2: Human autoimmune diseases]. 355 Sep 88

We have developed a method to study the genetic relationship between any two HLA-associated diseases. We have considered the following hypotheses: (1) both diseases are caused by a common allele; (2) different alleles at the same locus predispose to the two diseases; (3) one disease is predisposed by two alleles, one of which can also lead to the second disease; and (4) different HLA-linked loci are involved in the etiology of each disease. For each hypothesis, we have derived the expected HLA haplotype-sharing distribution in sib pairs who are affected with two diseases. The comparison of the expectations indicate that, in many cases, the alternate hypotheses can be distinguished, if the sample size is appropriately large. The knowledge of the mode of inheritance of each disease is not usually necessary; however, it can greatly increase the power of the test. Analyses of data on pairwise combinations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD), and insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) suggest that (a) IDDM is predisposed by two HLA-linked alleles, one of which also predisposes to ATD, (b) one of the IDDM alleles also confers susceptibility to RA, and (c) although the HLA-linked susceptibilities to RA and ATD appear to be primarily due to distinct alleles, the ATD allele may also have a minor role in predisposition to RA.
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PMID:Analysis of genetic interrelationship among HLA-associated diseases. 363 Oct 74

Eight families (121 individuals) with two or more members affected with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were analyzed for histocompatibility antigens (HLA-A, B, C, DR, MT, and MB) and complement antigens (C4A, C4B, and BF). These data were correlated with serological markers (antinuclear antibodies, single- and double-stranded anti-DNA, anti-SM, anti-nRNP, anti-Ro [SS-A], anti-La [SS-B], and biological false-positive tests for syphilis and clinical features. Fifteen members had SLE, and 19 had other immune diseases (subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, hypothyroidism, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, primary Sjogren's syndrome, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis). Twenty-three healthy relatives (seroreactors) had significant titers of circulating antibodies, as did 2 of 17 spouses. There was an increased frequency of null C4 alleles in those individuals with SLE (60%) and healthy relatives (50%) as compared with spouses (24%). Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between SLE and female sex (P =.006), whereas there was no significant association revealed between female sex and other immune diseases. Patients with SLE also had a higher frequency of either C4A or C4B null alleles (P = .01) than those with immune diseases. The C4A homozygous null phenotype was more common in SLE patients than in seroreactors (P = .02). There was a higher frequency of HLA-DR2 and DR3 in individuals with SLE than in those with immune disease (P = .08), seroreactors (P = .02) and normal relatives (P = .002). One totally C4-deficient patient with SLE was identified. These families demonstrate an important association between SLE and the C4 null allele and the HLA-DR2 and DR3. These risk factors, however, cannot account for the development of disease in all individuals.
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PMID:Null alleles of the fourth component of complement and HLA haplotypes in familial systemic lupus erythematosus. 387 10


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