Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0003873 (rheumatoid arthritis)
 53,068 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Etodolac is the first of a new class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs--the pyranocarboxylic acids--and has potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Etodolac and piroxicam were compared in the treatment of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. A total of 118 patients entered this double-blind parallel study and were randomly assigned to receive 200 mg of etodolac twice a day (60 patients) or 20 mg of piroxicam once a day (58 patients) for 12 weeks. After the baseline evaluation, efficacy and tolerability evaluations were made at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks. Significant improvement from baseline was noted in both treatment groups in the patient's and physician's global evaluations, in the number of swollen and tender joints, and in the pain intensity scores. Improvement was noted at the first visit (week 2) and continued through week 12. Based on changes in the patient's global evaluation, 56% of the etodolac-treated patients and 47% of the piroxicam-treated patients showed improvement at the final evaluation. Based on changes in the physician's global evaluation, 47% of the etodolac-treated patients and 42% of the piroxicam-treated patients showed improvement at the final evaluation. Eight (13%) patients in the etodolac group and 7 (12%) patients in the piroxicam group withdrew from the study because of adverse events. Most adverse events were mild to moderate; gastrointestinal complaints were the most prevalent adverse events in both treatment groups. No clinically significant changes were seen in laboratory test results or vital signs. These results demonstrate that etodolac is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and compares favorably to piroxicam in safety and efficacy.
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PMID:Double-blind comparison of etodolac and piroxicam in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. 845 44

Etodolac (Lodine) has been marketed in the United States since 1991 for managing pain and for acute and longterm treatment of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA). Etodolac was recently approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. We review the results of 3 recent 4 week, multicenter, placebo controlled, parallel group studies that compared the efficacy and safety of etodolac with naproxen and nabumetone. Because studies of etodolac in the treatment of OA concentrated on bid doses, the first study compared etodolac 800 mg/day given as 400 mg bid (106 patients) and 200 mg qid (105 patients) with naproxen 1000 mg/day (109 patients) and placebo (104 patients). Etodolac was as effective as naproxen, and the 2 dosage schedules of etodolac were comparable. The 2nd study compared etodolac 400 mg bid (86 patients) with naproxen 500 bid (82 patients) and placebo (86 patients). Etodolac was again found to be as effective as naproxen. The 3rd study compared etodolac 400 mg bid (91 patients) with nabumetone 1500 mg/day (89 patients) and placebo (90 patients). The results indicated that the efficacy of etodolac was comparable to that of nabumetone and resulted in significantly better scores at endpoint on the investigator's overall assessment and patient's global assessment. In all 3 studies there were no significant differences among the groups in the frequency of study events or premature discontinuations as a result of study events. The most common adverse event was digestive system disturbance, which was mild to moderate in severity. The results of these studies confirm the efficacy and safety of etodolac in managing the signs and symptoms of OA.
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PMID:Etodolac (Lodine) in the treatment of osteoarthritis: recent studies. 903 17

Etodolac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which has been shown to be effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and a selective COX-2 inhibitor in a wide range of clinically relevant assays in direct comparisons with other NSAIDs. Studies have shown etodolac to have no overall suppression of gastric or duodenal prostaglandins and endoscopic analysis with etodolac showed placebo level scores in comparison with ibuprofen, which showed inducement of gastro-intestinal (GI) side effects. This high degree of gastric tolerability was further demonstrated by microbleeding studies. The favourable GI tolerability profile of etodolac has been shown in long-term and large-scale trials and by routine clinical observation. In summary, etodolac is a well established selective COX-2 inhibitor that has been shown not to suppress gastric or duodenal prostaglandins, to have minimal hepatic or renal effects and to have favourable GI tolerability in comparison with ibuprofen.
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PMID:Etodolac: an overview of a selective COX-2 inhibitor. 1763 98

Etodolac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic properties. Its primary anti-inflammatory mechanism of action is through a selective effect on cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2). It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, and maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) is reached in 1-2 h, with an elimination half-life (t1/2 ) of 6-8 h.Etodolac has been widely applied in the treatment of inflammatory arthritides such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and gout and in osteoarthritis and has been shown to be efficacious and well tolerated.However, etodolac has other applications which rely primarily on its efficacy as an analgesic. In particular, etodolac has been evaluated in the treatment of a variety of different pain states. Etodolac has been observed to be efficacious in the treatment of acute pain following dental extraction, orthopaedic and urological surgery, and episiotomy, as well as in the treatment of pain due to acute sports injuries, primary dysmenorrhoea, tendonitis, bursitis, periarthritis, radiculalgia and low back pain.These studies indicate that etodolac is a multipurpose analgesic with many clinical applications in addition to its use in the treatment of inflammatory and degenerative forms of arthritis.
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PMID:Etodolac in the management of pain: a clinical review of a multipurpose analgesic. 1769 63

Etodolac, a highly lipophilic anti-inflammatory drug, is widely used in rheumatoid arthritis usually at an oral dose of 200 mg twice daily. The commonest side effects during therapy with etodolac is generally gastrointestinal disturbances these are usually mild and reversible but in some patients are peptic ulcer and severe gastrointestinal bleeding. To eliminate these side effects and obtain high drug concentration at the application side, dermal application of etodolac seems to be an ideal route for administration. Hydrophilic gel formulations of etodolac were prepared with carboxymethylcellulose sodium. The effect of different terpenes (anethole, carvacrol, and menthol) as an enhancer on the percutaneous absorption of etodolac was also investigated. Permeation studies were carried out with unjacketed modified horizontal diffusion cells through cellulose membrane and rat skin. In vitro studies with cellulose membrane showed that all formulations presented the same drug release profile (p > 0.05). Ex vivo studies with excised rat skin revealed that etodolac was released and penetrated into rat skin quickly. Anethole, a hydrophobic terpene, enhanced the absorption of etodolac significantly (p < 0.05). This result is consistent with the fact that hydrophobic terpenes are effective on the percutaneous absorption of lipophilic drugs. Menthol and carvacrol, hydrophilic terpenes, did not enhance the absorption of etodolac. The lipophilicity of the enhancers seems an important factor in promoting penetration of etodolac through the skin. Since etodolac creates gastrointestinal disturbances, topical formulations of etodolac in gel form including 1% anethole could be an alternative.
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PMID:In vitro and ex vivo permeation studies of etodolac from hydrophilic gels and effect of terpenes as enhancers. 1799 63


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