Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0003873 (rheumatoid arthritis)
 53,068 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A clinical and experimental study was carried out on knee joints of rabbits and in humans. In one knee joint of each rabbit 0.3 ml 1% osmic acid or 0.3 ml 5% Varicocid was injected, the remaining uninjected joints serving as controls. The animals were killed after 1 and 24 hours, 15, 45 and 90 days. Study with the electron microscope after osmic acid injection revealed necrosis of the chondrocytes in the superficial layer and upper middle zone. The articulations injected with Varicocid exhibited only slight lesions of the chondrocytes in the upper layer, consisting of dilated rough endoplasmatic reticulum, mitochondria lacking matrix and christae; the electron density of the layer seemed to be diminished. Biopsy of the non-weight-bearing cartilage of the lateral femoral condyle was performed in 4 patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and arthritis of the knee in the onset stage. Two of these patients received one intra-articular injection of 10 ml 1% osmic acid, 5 ml 2% xylocaine and 50 mg hydrocortisone and the other 2 patients 6 ml 5% Varicocid. Biopsy of the cartilage in the areas adjacent to the site of the first biopsies 1 and 3 1/2 months after treatment with osmic acid and 2 and 3 1/2 months after treatment with Varicocid showed in the first two cases necrosis of the chondrocytes in the superficial layer and upper middle zone of the articular cartilage and depletion of the mucopolysaccharides in the ground substance, revealed by PAS and alcian blue staining. No lesion of the knee joint cartilage was observed in the other two cases. In view of the results obtained, chemical synovectomy with Varicocid can be considered as having received further support.
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PMID:Ultrastructural changes in cartilage after intra-articular administration of osmium tetroxide and the sodium salts of fish oil fatty acids (Varicocid). 98 89

Seventy-three patients with undiagnosed arthritis of undetermined aetiology, 94 patients with classified arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, etc.) and 70 controls were studied for clinical and serological manifestations of Lyme borreliosis. The patients were recruited from the three rheumatology units in the most southern part of The Netherlands. A clinical diagnosis of possible Lyme borreliosis was made in seven of 73 patients with arthritis of undetermined aetiology, in four of 94 patients with classified arthritis and in one of the controls. A definite diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis could be made in only one patient who belonged to the arthritis of undetermined aetiology group. This patient had erythema migrans, arthritis of the knee joint and showed positive antibodies to B. burgdorferi. In the southern part of The Netherlands, Lyme arthritis does not seem to be a frequent cause of arthritis of undetermined aetiology.
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PMID:Lyme borreliosis: a very infrequent cause of arthritis of undetermined aetiology in the southern part of The Netherlands. 159 2

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is being used increasingly for the management of chronic arthritis of the knee. In this report, we review the frequency of application of TKA in the population of Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1971 through 1986. The utilization rate of TKA increased from 20.5 per 100,000 person-years for 1971 through 1974 to 60.8 per 100,000 for 1983 through 1986. Although rates were higher in women, they increased with advancing age in both sexes. Rates between the urban and rural populations of Olmsted County did not differ. The two most common underlying diseases that necessitated TKA were osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis; they were the cause of more than 90% of all operations. By extrapolating the rates of TKA in Olmsted County to the total 1986 US population, we estimate a need for at least 143,000 TKAs annually at a direct cost of more than $2.3 billion each year.
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PMID:Total knee arthroplasty: a population-based study. 204 96

We studied 10 patients who had arthritis of the knee joint, but no other signs of rheumatic disease. The clinical diagnosis of osteoarthritis was corroborated by arthroscopic evidence of characteristic cartilage degeneration. Signs of inflammation were confined to areas of the synovial membrane that lay near the cartilage; thus, the major part of the joint cavity was not affected. The intensity of the synovial inflammation varied within the areas involved, but was always most pronounced in regions rimming the cartilage. Biopsy samples selected from regions of intensely inflamed synovium contained foci of T lymphocytes, which were bordered by immunoglobulin-carrying B lymphocytes and plasma cells, as well as strongly HLA-DR positive dendritic-like cells adjoined to alpha Leu-3a+ T helper lymphocytes. In tissue samples taken from macroscopically noninflamed areas, only a few infiltrating lymphocytes were seen. Thus, the inflammatory synovial changes found in osteoarthritis appear to be anatomically restricted and of varied intensity but, when present, are microscopically indistinguishable from the changes that have been previously described as indicative of rheumatoid arthritis.
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PMID:Arthroscopic and immunohistologic characterization of knee joint synovitis in osteoarthritis. 331 76

In 33 patients with chronic arthritis of the knee, 48 knees were treated with an intra-articular injection of 5 mCi yttrium silicate (90Y). There were 27 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 6 with osteoarthrosis (OA); the mean follow-up period was 33 months. At clinical investigation after 1 year, no signs of pain or swelling were found in 15 knees. In most cases, pain and swelling improved subjectively, with a mean duration of 11 months; in 20 knees, the improvement lasted more than 22 months. When radiographs showed severe destruction, 90Y treatment was unsuccessful, but an important new finding was that most patients with mild or moderate radiological abnormalities appeared to have a long-lasting improvement. The result did not correlate with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), haemoglobin or Rose titre at the time of injection or at follow up, suggesting that the result of the treatment is more dependent on local factors than on the disease activity. The results of 90Y treatment in 6 OA knees with persistent swelling were promising regarding swelling, even in patients with moderate radiological abnormalities. The main side-effect was a sometimes painful swelling of the knee, which was always successfully treated with an intraarticular corticosteroid injection. In 90Y-treated knees, the incidence of unstable joints was not significantly higher than in non-treated knees. In conclusion, 90Y synovectomy may be a successful treatment for patients older than 50 years with chronic arthritis of the knee due to RA and probably also OA, even when moderate radiological abnormalities are present.
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PMID:Synovectomy of the knee with 90Y. 400 86

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I, 1971-1975 (NHANES I) were used to analyze associations among highest education level and arthritis. The dependent variables indicated whether the respondent had ever been diagnosed with any form of arthritis by a physician (10,678 women and 7243 men) or whether physician X-ray readings suggested arthritis of the knee (3491 women and 3119 men). These variables did not distinguish between osteo- and rheumatoid arthritis. It is likely that the great majority of the sample reporting or diagnosed with arthritis had osteoarthritis. There were strong univariate correlations between answers to the general arthritis question and the knee question on the one hand and gender, age, body mass, schooling, income and employment on the other. Respondents' education level was found to be strongly and negatively associated with self-reported arthritis in the larger samples both before and after controls were entered for employment, income and potential biological risk factors. The association between self-reported arthritis or arthritis of the knees and education was weaker for men, but not for women after employment and income were accounted for. When body mass was accounted for, the association between self-reported arthritis or arthritis of the knees and education was weaker among women but not men. Long-run preventive strategies to combat osteoarthritis ought to consider investments in education.
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PMID:Correlations between education and arthritis in the 1971-1975 NHANES I. 818 20

A consecutive series of 235 total knee arthroplasties using the PFC system was followed prospectively for at least ten years in 186 patients. The operation was for osteoarthritis in 150 knees, for rheumatoid arthritis in 83, and for Paget's disease and femoral osteonecrosis in one knee each. At the latest review 56 patients had died, five were too ill to assess and three could not be traced. The PFC knee replacement utilised was a non-conforming posterior-cruciate-retaining prosthesis with a polyethylene insert which is flat in the sagittal plane. The patella was resurfaced using a metal-backed component in 170 cases, but later in the series we used an all-polyethylene component in 22 knees; 43 patellae were not resurfaced. The survival without need for reoperation for any reason was 90% at ten years. Nineteen revisions were component-related due to failure of nine metal-backed patellae, nine polyethylene inserts, and one unresurfaced patella; two reoperations were for synovectomy (one for recurrent haemarthrosis and one for recurrent rheumatoid synovitis) and three were for metastatic joint infection. There were no revisions for aseptic loosening of femoral or tibial components, or the all-polyethylene patellar replacement. The PFC system provides good and predictable results in tricompartmental arthritis of the knee. Loosening appeared to be negligible, but there were wear-related problems in 8%. The change from a metal-backed patella and an increase in the contact area of the tibial insert should provide further improvement by minimising wear.
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PMID:Total knee arthroplasty with the PFC system. Results at a minimum of ten years and survivorship analysis. 1087 88

The aim of this study was to study the association between isokinetic muscle strength (IMS) and other clinical indicators of disability and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A cohort of 36 RA patients was followed over a 1-year period with five measurements of disease activity at regular intervals during this time. IMS was measured at seven angular velocities in both knees, on five separate occasions. The measurement was expressed by the level of the fitted line of the seven peak torque values--IMS30. The association between IMS30 and clinical indicators was stated. As an indicator of disability the score from the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) was used. As indicators of disease activity morning stiffness, an index of swelling and pain in the joint, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and haemoglobin (Hb) were chosen. Larsen's X-ray score was used as an indicator of bone destruction due to longer-lasting disease activity. IMS was significantly associated with the HAQ score, but not with indicators of disease activity or radiological findings. IMS was significantly associated with changes in indicators of disease activity, but not with the changes in the HAQ score, or in the X-ray-score. IMS showed the strongest association with changes in the degree of arthritis of the knee. In conclusion, IMS was associated with the HAQ score and can therefore be used when measuring outcome in a specific group of RA patients. Changes in IMS were associated with indicators of changes in disease activity, and are therefore usable as a measure of patient outcome. Of particular importance is that IMS decreased if a patient developed active arthritis in the knee, and normalised again when the inflammation decreased.
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PMID:Use of isokinetic muscle strength as a measure of severity of rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison of this assessment method for RA with other assessment methods for the disease. 1177 27

This investigation was an extension of a previous study conducted in our laboratory in which we showed that 1 month of treatment with a topical cream (Celadrin) consisting of cetylated fatty acids was effective for reducing pain and improving functional performance in individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee (Kraemer et al., Journal of Rheumatology, 2004). We wanted to verify that the addition of menthol to the compound would produce a similar percentage of improvement in therapeutic effects. We used a single treatment group with a pre-post experimental design to examine % treatment changes. Individuals diagnosed with OA of the knee (N = 10; age, 66.4 +/- 11.5 years) and severe pain (e.g., OA, rheumatoid arthritis) of the elbow (N = 8; age, 59.1 +/- 18.2 years) and wrist (N = 10; age, 60.3 +/- 16.8 years) were tested for pain and functional performance before and after 1 week of treatment with a topical cream consisting of cetylated fatty acids and menthol applied twice per day. In individuals with knee OA, significant improvements in stair-climbing ability (about 12%), "up-and-go" performance (about 12%), balance and strength (about 16.5%), and range of motion (about 3.5%) were observed, as were reductions in pain. In individuals with severe pain of the elbow and wrist, significant improvements in dynamic (about 22 and 24.5%, respectively) and isometric (about 33 and 42%, respectively) local muscular endurance were observed, as was a reduction in pain. Neither group demonstrated significant changes in maximal grip strength or maximal force production. One week of treatment with a topical cream consisting of cetylated fatty acids and menthol was similarly effective for reducing pain and improving functional performance in individuals with arthritis of the knee, elbow, and wrist. The % changes were consistent with our prior work on the compound without menthol. Further work is needed to determine the impact of menthol in such a cream. Nevertheless, our data support the use of a topical cream consisting of cetylated fatty acids (with or without menthol) for enhancing the potential for exercise training in this population.
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PMID:A cetylated fatty acid topical cream with menthol reduces pain and improves functional performance in individuals with arthritis. 1590 93

The aim of this research was to determine the clinical significance of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 in evaluation of the activity of rheumatoid arthritis. Cytokine concentrations in serum samples and synovial fluid were measured by immunoenzymatic methods using kits for human interleukins and the Disease Activity Score 28 in 64 patients with active disease. The control group consisted of 25 subjects with arthritis of the knee and osteoarthrosis. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have significantly high (p < 0.01) concentrations of examined cytokines in relation to patients with osteoarthritis. By comparing concentrations in 30 patients with high, 14 patients with moderate and 20 patients with mild activity of rheumatoid arthritis, it was established that patients with high degree of disease activity have significantly high (p<0.01; p<0.05) concentrations of examined cytokines in the blood and synovial fluid in relation to patients with moderate and mild disease. We have concluded that cytokine concentrations are good indicators of the degree of rheumatoid arthritis activity. This research is a contribution to understanding the insufficiently known pathogenetic mechanisms of cytokines, especially IL-18, in active disease.
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PMID:Cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis. 1652 29


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