Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0003864 (arthritis)
 69,039 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Arthritis adjuvans was studied in the murine model. An effect of different treatment (methotrexate, tauredon, collagen hydrolysate) was estimated in the course of developing disease (day 3, 5, 11 and 21). Repeated evaluation of body weight and peripheral blood leukograms as a total response of organism was performed. Oedema of paw periarticular and tail regions, light- and electron-microscopical screening and immunohistochemical investigation of prevalence of interleukin-1-beta (IL-1beta) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) were estimated. The most pronounced benefit effect of methotrexate at stabilization of the monocytes blood level, synovial membrane cell invasion and TNF-alpha immunopositivity was ascertained.
Gen Physiol Biophys 1999 Dec
PMID:Total and local changes in the arthritis adjuvans. 1070 54

Goats infected with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) develop high titres of antibodies to Env. Not only is no consistent neutralizing response found but anti-Env antibodies have even been associated with disease in infected goats. To identify the continuous antigenic determinants involved in this atypical anti-Env response, we mapped CAEV-CO Env by screening an epitope expression library with infected goat sera. In addition to the four previously described epitopes, seven novel antigenic sites were identified, of which five were located on the surface (SU) and two in the transmembrane (TM) subunits of Env. The SU antibody-binding domains located in the variable regions of the C-terminal part of the molecule (SU3 to SU5) showed the strongest reactivity and induced a rapid seroconversion in six experimentally infected goats. However, the response to these immunodominant epitopes did not appear to be associated with any neutralizing activity. The pattern of serum reactivity of naturally infected goats with these epitopes was restricted, suggesting a type-specific reaction. Interestingly, the reactivity of peptides representing SU5 sequences derived from CAEV field isolates varied with the geographical and/or breeding origin of the animals. This suggests that peptides corresponding to the immunodominant SU epitopes may well be useful in the serotyping of CAEV isolates. Furthermore, the identification of the CAEV Env epitopes will permit us to functionally dissect the antibody response and to address the role of anti-Env antibodies either in the protection from or in the pathogenesis of CAEV infection.
J Gen Virol 2000 Dec
PMID:B-cell epitopes of the envelope glycoprotein of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus and antibody response in infected goats. 1108 24

In order to investigate the functions of the three putative lentiviral integrase (IN) protein domains on viral DNA specificity and target site selection, enzymatically active chimeric enzymes were constructed using the three wild-type IN proteins of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV), maedi-visna virus (MVV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The chimeric enzymes were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified by affinity chromatography and analysed in vitro for IN-specific endonuclease and integration activities on various DNA substrates. Of the 21 purified chimeric IN proteins constructed, 20 showed distinct site-specific cleavage activity with at least one substrate and six were able to catalyse an efficient integration reaction. Analysis of the chimeric IN proteins revealed that the central domain together with the C terminus determines the activity and substrate specificity of the enzyme. The N terminus appears to have no considerable influence. Furthermore, an efficient integration activity of CAEV wild-type IN was successfully demonstrated after detailed characterization of the reaction conditions that support optimal enzyme activities of CAEV IN. Also, under the same in vitro assay conditions, MVV and HIV-1 IN proteins exhibited endonuclease and integration activities, an indispensable prerequisite of domain-swapping experiments. Thus, the following report presents a detailed characterization of the activities of CAEV IN in vitro as well as the analysis of functional chimeric lentiviral IN proteins.
J Gen Virol 2001 Jan
PMID:Characterization of chimeric enzymes between caprine arthritis--encephalitis virus, maedi--visna virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrases expressed in Escherichia coli. 1112 67

The unique region of structural protein VP1 of parvovirus B19 (erythrovirus B19) is important for eliciting neutralizing antibodies that are responsible for eliminating the virus from the peripheral blood and for inducing lifelong immunity. Neutralizing human MAbs bind a conformationally defined epitope spanning VP1 residues 30-42. The DNA sequence encoding the VP1-unique region was determined in parvovirus B19 isolated from peripheral blood and amniotic fluid of nine acutely infected pregnant women, five arthritis patients and two chronically infected children. The amino acid sequences of the VP1-unique region exhibited higher variability in comparison with other B19-specific proteins. To analyse the influence of amino acid variations on antibody binding and protein conformation, two variants of the VP1-unique region were selected and expressed in E. coli as intein-fusion proteins. The selected variants displayed a number of amino acid exchanges in the VP1-unique region and had mutations in the determined epitope and adjacent regions. After purification via affinity chromatography, the dissociation constants K(D) of VP1-specific human MAbs interacting with the variant antigens and a viral prototype of the VP1-unique region were determined with a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor. A value of 5.4 x 10(-8) M was determined for the prototype isolate pJB; the affinity constants for the variant VP1-unique regions were similar. Comparable values were obtained for interaction of antibodies with non-infectious VP1/VP2 capsids produced by recombinant baculovirus and with B19 virions from amniotic fluid. It is concluded that the conformation of the epitope is unaffected by mutations or the environment of the VP1-unique region in virus capsids.
J Gen Virol 2001 Jan
PMID:The VP1-unique region of parvovirus B19: amino acid variability and antigenic stability. 1112 72

Parvovirus B19 is the causative agent of erythema infectiosum. In addition, parvovirus B19 infection may be associated with other disease manifestations, namely, thrombocytopenia or granulocytopenia, spontaneous abortion or hydrops fetalis in pregnant women, acute and chronic arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Based on sequence homology data, a phospholipase A2 motif has been identified in the VP1 unique region of parvovirus B19. (Y. Li et al., J. Gen. Virol. 82:2821-2825, 2001; Z. Zadori et al., Dev. Cell 1:291-302, 2001). We have established a new in vitro assay based on electrospray ionization tandem mass spectroscopy to show that phospholipase A2 activity is present in the VP1 unique region produced in Escherichia coli and in virus-like particles consisting of combinations of VP1 and VP2 proteins expressed by recombinant baculovirus. The enzyme activity of the VP1 unique region showed typical Ca(2+) dependency and could be inhibited by manoalide and 4-bromophenacylbromide, which bind covalently to lysine and histidine residues, respectively, as part of the active center of the enzyme. By using subfragments, we demonstrated an association between the phospholipase A2-like activity and the carboxy-terminal domain of the VP1 unique region.
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PMID:The VP1 unique region of parvovirus B19 and its constituent phospholipase A2-like activity. 1179 99

The maedi-visna lentivirus (MVV) induces encephalitis, interstitial pneumonia, arthritis and mastitis in sheep. While some MVV strains can enter cells of ruminant species only, others can enter cells from many species, including human, but not Chinese hamster cells. However, the identity of the receptor(s) used by MVV for entry is unknown. The MVV-K1514 receptor gene was localized in sheep and human chromosomes using hamster x sheep and hamster x human hybrid cell lines. Based on entry by a vector pseudotyped with the MVV-K1514 envelope, the MVV-K1514 receptor gene was mapped to sheep chromosome 3p and to a region of human chromosome 2 (2p25>q13), which has conserved synteny with sheep chromosome 3p. These regions do not include any known lentivirus receptor or coreceptor gene, indicating that MVV-K1514 uses a new lentivirus receptor to infect human cells.
J Gen Virol 2002 Jul
PMID:A maedi-visna virus strain K1514 receptor gene is located in sheep chromosome 3p and the syntenic region of human chromosome 2. 1207 96

Maedi-visna virus (MVV) causes encephalitis, pneumonia and arthritis in sheep. In vitro, MVV infection and replication lead to strong cytopathic effects characterized by syncytia formation and subsequent cellular lysis. It was demonstrated previously that MVV infection in vitro induces cell death of sheep choroid plexus cells (SCPC) by a mechanism that can be associated with apoptotic cell death. Here, the relative implication of several caspases during acute infection with MVV is investigated by employing diverse in vitro and in situ strategies. It was demonstrated using specific pairs of caspase substrates and inhibitors that, during in vitro infection of SCPC by MVV, the two major pathways of caspase activation (i.e. intrinsic and extrinsic pathways) were stimulated: significant caspase-9 and -8 activities, as well as caspase-3 activity, were detected. To study the role of caspases during MVV infection in vitro, specific, cell-permeable, caspase inhibitors were used. First, these results showed that both z-DEVD-FMK (a potent inhibitor of caspase-3-like activities) and z-VAD-FMK (a broad spectrum caspase inhibitor) inhibit caspase-9, -8 and -3 activities. Second, both irreversible caspase inhibitors, z-DEVD-FMK and z-VAD-FMK, delayed MVV-induced cellular lysis as well as virus growth. Third, during SCPC in vitro infection by MVV, cells were positively stained with FITC-VAD-FMK, a probe that specifically stains cells containing active caspases. In conclusion, these data suggest that MVV infection in vitro induces SCPC cell death by a mechanism that is strongly dependent on active caspases.
J Gen Virol 2002 Dec
PMID:Implication of caspases during maedi-visna virus-induced apoptosis. 1246 93

The introduction and rapid dispersal of the African flavivirus West Nile virus (WNV) throughout North America, and the high fatality rate due to encephalitis in birds, horses, other wildlife species and humans, has attracted major attention worldwide. Usutu virus, another flavivirus, came to prominence in 2001, when it was identified as the agent responsible for a drop in the bird population in Austria; previously this encephalitic virus was found only in birds and mosquitoes in Africa. Sindbis virus, a pathogenic alphavirus that causes arthritis, is widespread throughout Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia, infecting a range of arthropods and vertebrates and is genetically related to encephalitic viruses in North America. Currently there is no evidence that any of these viruses cause disease in the UK. Here the presence of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies is reported in the sera of resident and migrant birds in the UK, implying that each of these viruses is being introduced to UK birds, possibly by mosquitoes. This is supported by nucleotide sequencing that identified three slightly different sequences of WNV RNA in tissues of magpies and a blackbird. The detection of specific neutralizing antibodies to WNV in birds provides a plausible explanation for the lack of evidence of a decrease in the bird population in the UK compared with North America. The potential health risk posed to humans and animals by these viruses circulating in the UK is discussed.
J Gen Virol 2003 Oct
PMID:Serological evidence of West Nile virus, Usutu virus and Sindbis virus infection of birds in the UK. 1367 15

Chronic pain and psychiatric disorders frequently co-occur. However, estimates of the magnitude of these associations have been biased by the use of select clinical samples. The present study utilized the National Comorbidity Survey [Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 51 (1994) 8-19] Part II data set to investigate the associations between a chronic pain condition (i.e. arthritis) and common mood and anxiety disorders in a sample representative of the general US civilian population. Participants (N=5877) completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview [World Health Organization (1990)], a structured interview for trained non-clinician interviewers based on the revised third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [American Psychiatric Association (1987)], and provided self-reports of pain and disability associated with a variety of medical conditions. Significant positive associations were found between chronic pain and individual 12-month mood and anxiety disorders [odds ratios (OR) ranged from 1.92 to 4.27]. The strongest associations were observed with panic disorder (OR=4.27) and post-traumatic stress disorder (OR=3.69). The presence of one psychiatric disorder was not significantly associated with pain-related disability, but the presence of multiple psychiatric disorders was significantly associated with increased disability. The findings of the present study raise the possibility that improved efforts regarding the detection and treatment of anxiety disorders may be required in pain treatment settings.
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PMID:Mood and anxiety disorders associated with chronic pain: an examination in a nationally representative sample. 1458 Nov 19

Small-ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), including Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in goats and maedi-visna virus (MVV) in sheep, are lentiviruses that, despite overall similarities, show considerable genetic variation in regions of the SRLV genome. To gain further knowledge about the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among field isolates of SRLVs occurring in geographically distinct areas, the full-length genomic sequence of a CAEV isolate (CAEV-1GA) and partial env sequences obtained from Norwegian CAEV-infected goats were determined. The genome of CAEV-1GA consisted of 8,919 bp. Alignment studies indicated significant diversity from published SRLV sequences. Deletions and hypervariability in the 5' part of the env gene have implications for the size of the proposed CAEV-1GA Rev protein and the encoded surface glycoprotein (SU). The variable regions in the C-terminal part of SU obtained from Norwegian CAEV isolates demonstrate higher sequence divergence than has been described previously for SRLVs. Phylogenetic analysis based on SU sequences gives further support for a unique group designation. The results described here reveal a distant genetic relationship between Norwegian CAEV and other SRLVs and demonstrate that there is more geographical heterogeneity among SRLVs than reported previously.
J Gen Virol 2006 Mar
PMID:Genetic diversity of small-ruminant lentiviruses: characterization of Norwegian isolates of Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus. 1647 78


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