Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0003864 (arthritis)
 69,039 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fisher rats from a inbred colony, when fed on a salt-free high-protein diet, developed only a mild arthritis after adjuvant injection. Their spleen cells failed to respond in vitro to concanavalin A (a T-cell mitogen), although they possessed a B-cell function of plaque formation to sheep red blood cells. When a full salt supplement was included in the diet, or magnesium or copper or zinc was included in the drinking water, adjuvant-induced arthritis was severe and the response to the T-cell mitogen was restored. The above results suggest that these trace elements may stabilize or activate certain cell populations needed for some immune responses in rats.
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PMID:Effect of diet on adjuvant-induced disease and mitogenic responses of Fisher rats. 686 67

Report on the treatment of psoriasis in saturated sodium chloride water from a natural source followed by irradiation with ultraviolet UV-A- and UV-B-lights, similar to the treatment at the Dead Sea. Approximately 5335 patients were treated in this manner since 1977. Over 80% of all cases were cleared within 4-6 weeks, whereas 72% of cases with psoriasis-arthritis were improved. This treatment does not influence the rate of relapses. The possible effects on the skin of 27% saturated sodium chloride water is described in detail.
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PMID:[Thermo-sodium phototherapy of psoriasis vulgaris]. 687 46

When WKA rats were either neonatally thymectomized or injected with anti-rat thymocyte sera, their T-cell functions were effectively suppressed. When neonatally thymectomized plus anti-rat thymocyte serum-treated rats were injected with non-immunogenic muramyl dipeptide in water-in-oil emulsion, they produced massive epithelioid granulomas. Essentially, no morphological difference was noticed between granulomas induced in untreated rats and in thymectomized plus anti-rat thymocyte serum-treated rats. These findings strongly suggest that muramyl dipeptide-induced epithelioid granulomas required no T cells for their formation. In contrast, the induction of adjuvant arthritis appeared to depend on the presence of T cells.
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PMID:Epithelioid granuloma induced by muramyl dipeptide in immunologically deficient rats. 697 92

The antinociceptive properties of suprofen [alpha-methyl-4-(thienylcarbonyl)benzene acetic acid] are described in a pathologically induced hyperalgesic model, the rat adjuvant arthritis flexion test. By using this assay, suprofen was characterized as an orally effective, non-narcotic analgesic with a rapid onset and 4-hr duration of activity. Suprofen is 50 times more potent than acetaminophen, five times more potent than codeine and equipotent to the new peripheral analgesics, zomepirac and diflunisal. In combination experiments, suprofen potentiates the analgesic effects of acetaminophen and, unlike morphine, the analgesic effect of suprofen is not blocked by naloxone. In other hyperalgesic assays, suprofen is an extremely potent inhibitor of arachidonate-induced writhing and is equipotent to morphine in the yeast-induced paw edema (Randall-Selitto) assay. Additionally, suprofen is inactive on the normal paw in the Randall-Selitto test, the mouse Eddy hot-plate test and the tail withdrawal reflex assay induced by warm water in rats, all sensitive tests capable of detecting central (narcotic) but not peripheral analgesics. Activity on prostaglandin biosynthesis from several species and tissues suggests that suprofen is a tissue selective inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. These experiments suggest that suprofen represents a new class of potent, orally effective, peripheral (non-narcotic) analgesics with potential usefulness in a variety of clinical pain situations formerly reserved for narcotics.
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PMID:Suprofen, a new peripheral analgesic. 699 57

Mycobacteria inhabiting plants, soils and water can cause arthritis in rats. The list of arthritogenic mycobacteria from animal sources must also be extended. The arthritogenic activity is present in dead bacteria and resists extraction into ethanol-ether (1:1 v/v). Polyarthritis is only induced in conjunction with certain (oily) lipids = coarthritogens: some of these lipids are present in/on skin, intestines, etc. Isostearic acid is also a coarthritogen. Preliminary observations suggest the leprosy bacillus (M. leprae) is not arthritogenic but may confer immunity to the M. tuberculosis arthritogen. Some adjuvant-active corynebacteria/propionibacteria did not cause polyarthritis in 2 rat strains (DA, PVG) responding vigorously to mycobacterial arthritogens.
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PMID:Rat polyarthritis: induction with adjuvants constituted with mycobacteria (and oils) from the environment. 713 51

Allied health manpower in developing countries should be able to serve the specific needs of these countries in solving malnutrition, diarrheal disease, and other health problems. Disease patterns tend to evolve in stages with each stage requiring a special type of health manpower: 1) the 1st stage where infectious diseases are linked to poverty, malnutrition, and poor personal hygiene for which personnel trained to improve health through providing safe water supplies, improving sanitation, and immunizing the population are needed; 2) in the 2nd stages, diseases such as cancer, arthritis, and cardiac diseases exist, requiring extensive technology such as is available in the US; and 3) the 3rd stage relates to an awareness of health hazards (caused by the environment, by the lifestyle dysfunctions of the society, and an emphasis on health promotion) and implies a responsibility for one's own health by the individual; this is a difficult stage to apply to developing countries since the ability to bring about change assumes literacy on the part of the population which is not always the case. Since most developing countries need to cause change in the 1st stage, more public health personnel such as sanitarians and generalist workers are needed. Training of these personnel should include on-the-job education; traditionally trained US allied health professionals are not always equipped to deal with health problems in developing countries. Health educators should look to the lessons learned by the US in the allied health movement: 1) the system of control that national membership organizations have over schooling and the job environment has contributed to an increased cost of health care delivery, unnecessary prolonged curricula, overspecialization, extreme protectionism for membership, and inappropriate fractionalization of health care delivery; 2) the emphasis on prolonged curricula sometimes causes the student to lose sight of the supposed direct relationship between training and actual needs of the community, 3) requiring degrees before health training was not necessary; and 4) look to more realistic student selection criteria related to the demands of the job rather than of the education program to avoid job turnover. Funding should be found for training a new type of allied health professional that would combine preparation for public and allied health; in addition US schools should extend their medical equipment repair programs to include students from other countries. The production of health personnel appropriately trained to deal with problems and situations specific for developing countries could be a breakthrough in upgrading these countries' health status.
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PMID:Improving health services in developing countries with new types of public and allied health personnel. 718 Oct 46

The effect of vigorous exercise on the reversibility of canine knee cartilage atrophy produced by immobilization of the leg was studied. In comparison to cartilage from the contralateral control knees, cartilage from knees which had been immobilized in a cast for 6 weeks showed an increase in water content and decreases in thickness, Safranin O staining of the matrix, uronic acid content, and net proteoglycan synthesis. In addition, the ability of both newly synthesized (35S) and total tissue proteoglycans to interact with hyaluronic acid to form aggregates was diminished; this was apparently due to an abnormality in the hyaluronate-binding region of the core proteins. If the casts were removed and the animals were then allowed to ambulate ad libitum for 3 weeks, all of these changes were reversed. However, knee cartilage from 3 dogs which had been run daily on a treadmill (6 miles/day) for 3 weeks after removal of the casts exhibited continuing decreases in thickness, Safranin O staining, and uronic acid content (mean 31%), even though net proteoglycan synthesis was increased (mean 16%) in comparison to that in control cartilage from the contralateral (nonimmobilized) knee. Furthermore, the abnormality in both 35S- and total tissue proteoglycans which precluded their interaction with high molecular weight hyaluronic acid persisted. In this respect, the proteoglycans were indistinguishable from those obtained from knee cartilage immediately following 6 weeks in a cast.
Arthritis Rheum 1981 Nov
PMID:Running inhibits the reversal of atrophic changes in canine knee cartilage after removal of a leg cast. 731 11

Muramyl dipeptide, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, induced adjuvant arthritis in WKA rats when injected in a water-in-oil emulsion prepared with Freund incomplete adjuvant (Difco), but not when emulsified with Drackeol and Arlacel A.
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PMID:Muramyl dipeptide-induced adjuvant arthritis. 739 79

A synthetic adjuvant, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), failed to produce polyarthritis with a wide dose range in a water-in-oil emulsion of mineral oil such as liquid paraffin, Drakeol, or heavy mineral oil. MDP, however, produced moderate to severe arthritis with almost 100% incidence in a water-in-oil emulsion made up of Difco incomplete adjuvant, which consists of Bavol F as an oil vehicle and Arlacel A as an emulsifier. N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-L-isoglutamine did not produce arthritis, whereas 4,6-diacetyl-MDP produced the disease. Bacterial peptidoglycans, such as disaccharide peptides which were N-acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-meso-diaminopimelyl-D-alanine and N-acetylglucosaminyl-6,o-acetyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-meso-diaminopimelyl-D-alanine, also produced polyarthritis with low incidence in Difco oil but not in the other mineral oils described above. MDP and bacterial disaccharide peptides were able to produce the disease even in the latter mineral oil only when the concentration of Arlacel A was increased from 15% to 20 to 30% in the oil. We concluded that one of the minimal essential structures responsible for development of this disease is MDP, although the role of the oil vehicle remained uncertain, and there is no direct correlation between granulona formation and arthritogenicity of MDP.
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PMID:Arthritis-inducing ability of a synthetic adjuvant, N-acetylmuramyl peptides, and bacterial disaccharide peptides related to different oil vehicles and their composition. 739 8

All available workers engaged in bagging an artificial crystalline aluminium silicate--the kiln-dried residue from the calcining and water extraction of alunite (a hydrated sulphate of aluminium and potassium) that is currently classified as a nuisance dust--were studied after a complaint of respiratory and systemic symptoms, including arthritis, by an employee of the factory, who showed physiological and radiographic evidence of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis and in whom lung biopsy showed diffuse fibrosis with granulomas. Inhalation challenge produced a transient decrease in transfer factor and transfer factor standardised for alveolar volume. Twenty-five subjects were known to have been exposed at some time to the dust of alunite-residue. Of the 17 who could be contacted, all agreed to attend for respiratory questionnaire and occupational history, pulmonary function testing (spirometry, lung volumes, gas transfer), and posteroanterior chest radiograph. Six subjects considered that occupational exposure to the dust was responsible for respiratory symptoms. Three subjects had abnormality of the chest radiograph consistent with pulmonary fibrosis. The mean percentage of predicted transfer factor standardised for effective alveolar volume was 71.1% in subjects with abnormal chest radiographs and 86.6% in subjects with normal radiographs (p = 0.10). There was a trend in the correlation between the percentage of predicted transfer factor standardised for effective alveolar volume and total dust exposure (sum of the products of grade of severity of each exposure period and duration of each exposure period in months) (r = 0.40 p = 0.10). This study suggests that there may be a relation between inhalation of the dust of this form of aluminium silicate and pulmonary fibrosis.
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PMID:Pulmonary disease from occupational exposure to an artificial aluminium silicate used for cat litter. 744 31


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