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Query: UMLS:C0003864 (arthritis)
 69,039 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diminished glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, and large hypercellular congested glomeruli with segmental sclerosis are found in late survivors with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD). Hyperuricemia is common, acute gouty arthritis is less common than uric acid levels would predict, and overt tophaceous deposits of uric acid are exceptional. The role of the kidney in causing the basic biochemical disturbances, and the relative importance of impaired urate excretion vs urate overproduction have not been established. Accordingly, we reviewed the courses of two index patients and prospectively studied eight additional CCHD patients from 28 years to 46 years old with mean hematocrits of (62 +/- 10%). Plasma creatinine concentration was normal (0.9 +/- 0.1 mg/dl) yet glomerular filtration rate was mildly reduced to 93 +/- 14 ml/min as measured by creatinine clearance and to 81 +/- 6 ml/min as measured by 111In DTPA. Three patients had significant proteinuria and one was nephrotic. Plasma uric acid concentration was high in all but one (8.2 +/- 2.1 mg/dl), mean 24 hr uric acid excretion was normal (564 +/- 221 mg), and fractional uric acid excretion was relatively low (6.3 +/- 2.6%). The two patients with highest plasma uric acid levels (12.0 and 10.2 mg/dl) had the lowest fractional excretions (2.8% and 4.0%). Both of these patients had diminished capacity to excrete a water load (38% and 27%/4 hr) and to maximally concentrate urine (520 and 635 mOsm/kg after water deprivation and vasopressin). In conclusion, high plasma uric acid levels in late survivors with CCHD are secondary to inappropriately low fractional uric acid excretion, not to urate overproduction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Renal function and urate metabolism in late survivors with cyanotic congenital heart disease. 394 50

A new model of osteoarthritis has been developed that utilizes an extraarticular surgical technique to alter gait and weight-bearing capabilities in the hind limbs of experimental animals. Guinea pigs, averaging 650 gm in weight, were subjected to unilateral resection of a segment of the gluteal muscles at the sacral origin, to section of the infrapatellar ligament, or to both procedures. Progressive changes consistent with osteoarthritis developed over 10-24 weeks as judged by gross, radiologic, and microscopic findings. In addition, an increase in mean cartilage water content and 35SO4(-2) incorporation into proteoglycans by 10 and 14 weeks, respectively, were consistent with the chemical changes observed in early osteoarthritis. Abnormalities developed not only in the operated hind limb, but in the contralateral, unoperated hind limb at a slightly later time. Thus, this animal model provided the opportunity to evaluate a mild gait abnormality and other biomechanical influences on the evolution of osteoarthritis which is uninfluenced by any intraarticular joint trauma.
Arthritis Rheum 1986 Feb
PMID:Experimental osteoarthritis induced by selective myectomy and tendotomy. 395 7

Indomethacin given continuously in the drinking water (20 micrograms/ml) to BALB/cAn pi mice during the latent period of pristane-induced plasmacytoma development dramatically reduced the plasmacytoma incidence from 34.9 to 2.2%. Additionally, indomethacin given from day 0 to 120 or begun as late as 60 d after a single injection of 1.0 ml pristane was also highly effective in reducing the development of plasmacytomas. Indomethacin treatment did not prevent the formation of a peritoneal inflammatory exudate or peritoneal oil granulomatous tissue, although it had a mild inhibitory effect on the intensity of the cellular inflammation, particularly after extensive treatment of greater than 100 d. Indomethacin treatment reduced the incidence of arthritis by 50%. A major effect of indomethacin treatment was a reduction in the appearance of microscopic plasmacytomas that appear in the oil granuloma before plasmacytomas can be detected by routine sampling of the peritoneal exudate. Between days 116 and 181, 16 of 20 mice given 0.5 ml pristane were found to have foci of plasmacytoma cells, while only 2 of 20 indomethacin-treated mice had foci-containing plasmacytoma cells. The number of mice with microscopic foci in the pristane-treated group greatly exceeded the expected incidence of plasmacytomas (22%) at this dose of pristane. The growth of primary plasmacytomas in transplant that is dependent on the pristane-conditioned peritoneal environment was not inhibited by indomethacin treatment. The role of indomethacin in inhibiting plasmacytoma development was not established; two possibilities are that it inhibits production of mutagenic and tissue destructive oxidants by inflammatory cells, and it inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and intracellular production of oxidant biproducts.
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PMID:Inhibition of plasmacytoma development in BALB/c mice by indomethacin. 398 72

The authors report a series of 67 patients presenting with 103 decubitus ulcers, treated between 1969 and 1977, and with a follow-up of one year or more. The majority of the patients were paraplegics, other etiologies being present in smaller numbers and raising different problems. They first studied the importance of the pre-and post-operative treatment. This was followed by study of the importance of different surgical techniques for each of the three localizations (sacral, ischial and trochanteric). They demonstrated the absolute need for surgical management, especially with paraplegic patients. Surgery alone allows rapid healing with a high success rate. While it does not, however, preclude any possibility of recurrence (whatever the technique used), it does at least allow the patient to live a normal life. The authors further emphasize the importance of the preoperative treatment, using the nutripump, and the postoperative treatment, using the pulsating air bed (in preference to the water bed). They consider the nutripump to be the most important breakthrough in this field, in recent years. As regards the different localizations, they consider muscle or musculocutaneous flaps to be the treatment of choice for ischial ulcers, but stress the need for wide ischiectomy and the excision of the bursa. In their experience, insufficient excision is a source of failure, even if the flap is good. Similarly, musculocutaneous flaps offer the best solution for trochanteric ulcers, but again, only accompanied by excision of the bursa. Recognition of coxofemoral arthritis is also essential, and no flap will take until this has been remedied. In the case of sacral ulcers, however, they prefer large rotation skin flaps, which allow further advancement in the event of recurrence. The association of two or three ulcers makes surgical management imperative because of the frequently severe undermining of the patient's general state of health. The treatment of two locations in a single stage is always preferable whenever it is feasible.
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PMID:[Evaluation of 10 years of surgical treatment for decubitus ulcer]. 632 92

The glycosaminoglycans in the menisci of beagles 5--7 years old were analyzed at various times after osteoarthritis was induced by sectioning the anterior cruciate ligament of one knee; the unoperated knee served as control. In the first month after induction, there were signs of inflammation in the operated joint. After 1 week, the water content was elevated and the glycosaminoglycan content (per dry weight) was reduced. The content of keratan sulfate decreased more than that of chondroitin sulfate, but the hyaluronic acid content did not change consistently. The relative proportions of chondroitin-4-sulfate, chondroitin-6-sulfate, and dermatan sulfate remained unchanged. After 3--18 months, the glycosaminoglycan levels reverted to normal, and there was some evidence that after 15--18 months, they were elevated above normal. These results, together with results obtained from single examples of mild and severe osteoarthritis in working foxhounds, suggest that, in contrast to articular cartilage, the meniscus is capable of some regeneration in response to injury.
Arthritis Rheum 1983 Jan
PMID:The glycosaminoglycans in menisci in experimental and natural osteoarthritis. 640 94

Thin-layer chromatography has been used to identify phospholipids extracted from canine synovial fluid, the major component (45%) being phosphatidyl choline (PC). The extracts and their components have been shown to be surface active in reducing the surface tension of water and to be readily adsorbed to hydrophilic solids, whose surfaces then become hydrophobic. These adsorbed monolayers of synovial surfactant were then found to be excellent boundary lubricants in vitro, reducing the coefficient of kinetic friction (mu) in the dry state and under physiological loading by up to 97% for extracts and 99% for PC alone, reaching mu = 0.01. Surface-active phospholipid is put forward as the possible active ingredient in joint lubrication and shown to be consistent with previous biochemical studies to elucidate its identity. The model essentially follows the classical Hardy model for boundary lubrication imparted by surfactants. It is discussed in relation to a new approach in providing artificial lubrication and facilitating tissue release in patients with arthritis.
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PMID:Surfactants identified in synovial fluid and their ability to act as boundary lubricants. 647 22

Nyctanthes arbor tristis Linn. (Harsingar) is widely used as a decoction in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for treatment of sciatica and arthritis, but it has not yet been screened scientifically. In the present study, the water soluble portion of the alcoholic extract of the leaves of Nyctanthes arbor tristis (NAT) was screened for the presence of anti-inflammatory activity. NAT inhibited the acute inflammatory oedema produced by different phlogistic agents, viz. carrageenin, formalin, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and hyaluronidase in the hindpaw of rats. The acute inflammatory swelling in the knee joint of rats induced by turpentine oil was also significantly reduced. In subacute models, NAT was found to check granulation tissue formation significantly in the granuloma pouch and cotton pellet test. Acute and chronic phases of formaldehyde induced arthritis were significantly inhibited. NAT was also found to inhibit the inflammation produced by immunological methods, viz. Freund's adjuvant arthritis and PPD induced tuberculin reaction. Thus anti-inflammatory activity in leaves of Harsingar supports its use in various inflammatory conditions by the followers of the Ayurvedic system of medicine.
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PMID:Study of anti-inflammatory activity in the leaves of Nyctanthes arbor tristis Linn.--an Indian medicinal plant. 648 81

The influence of static and intermittent stress on articular cartilage metabolism was examined in vitro. Full-thickness plugs of cartilage from femoral condyles of normal adult dogs were cultured while static or cyclic stresses were applied for 2 hours. The plugs were then incubated under atmospheric pressure for 2 hours in medium containing radioactive label, to provide measurements of net synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) or protein. As a control, cartilage from the same knee was cultured in the apparatus at atmospheric pressure. When cartilage plugs were exposed to static stress, or to cyclic stresses at a duty cycle of 60 seconds on/60 seconds off, net GAG synthesis was suppressed to 30-60% of that in controls. In contrast, when a duty cycle of 4 seconds on/11 seconds off was used, GAG synthesis was increased by 34%. The duty cycle which increased GAG synthesis did not affect protein synthesis or tissue contents of DNA, uronic acid, or water. At the cycle which suppressed GAG synthesis, protein synthesis and uronic acid content were decreased, and water content was increased. As judged by uptake of 14C-aminoisobutyric acid and 14C-xylose, the above changes in GAG synthesis do not appear to have been due to changes in diffusion of nutrient molecules through the cartilage during loading.
Arthritis Rheum 1984 Jun
PMID:Effects of static and cyclic compressive loading on articular cartilage plugs in vitro. 673 84

Early surgical repair of rotator cuff tears with a partial anterior acromionectomy is recommended as a means of minimizing a progression of symptoms and findings. It was more important to achieve adequate tension in the cuff tissues than to obtain a water-tight closure. Even patients with old complete tears may obtain good results from reconstruction of the rotator cuff. However, merely closing a rotator cuff tear will not permit a good functional result if the ability of the muscles to contract adequately is lost forever. This group of patients rarely achieves full restoration of muscle strength in their operated shoulders, primarily due to muscle atrophy. In shoulders previously operated on, functional results were not as good as in those cases operated on for the first time. Avoidance of interposed soft tissue grafts and restoration of a direct continuity of viable rotator cuff tissue to its bony insertion are recommended whenever possible, to achieve the optimum functional result. In those patients with arthritis of the glenohumeral joint or permanent long-standing nonfunctional rotator cuff muscle, the results of reconstruction were poor. A carefully supervised postoperative rehabilitation program is essential for optimum results.
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PMID:Rotator cuff tear. Diagnosis and treatment. 682 49

The tight-skin (TSK) mouse has cutaneous changes similar to those found in the skin of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). Previous studies have shown that both have common abnormalities in skin thickness, dry weight, and hydroxyproline content. In this study, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), major components of the ground substance, were quantitated in skins from TSK mice and compared with age-matched normal mice. Biochemical studies included determinations of hexosamines, uronic acids, and total GAGs by cetylpyridinium chloride precipitation. Dry weights and water-fat content of skin biopsy specimens from TSK mice were also compared with those of normal mice. Hexosamine, uronic acid, total GAGs, and dry weight were increased in TSK mouse skin when compared with normal mouse skin. The water-fat content did not differ significantly. These findings were similar to those known to occur in PSS skin, further suggesting that the TSK mouse might serve as an animal model for the skin changes found in PSS patients.
Arthritis Rheum 1983 May
PMID:Glycosaminoglycan content in skin of the tight-skin mouse. 684 27


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